Czech Republic - ec.europa.eu · Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic - 2 - Structure and Culture Basic data Table 1: Basic data of the Czech Republic in relation to the

Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures

Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Urban Areas

Road Safety Country Overview

Czech Republic

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Structure and Culture Basic data Table 1: Basic data of the Czech Republic in relation to the EU average

Basic Data of the Czech Republic EU average*

- Population: 10,5 million inhabitants (2013) [2] 18,1 million (2013)

- Area: 78.867 km2 (2013) [2] (2% water) (2015) [4]

156.478 km2 (2013) 3% water (2013)

- Climate and weather conditions (capital city; 2015) [3]:

- Average winter temperature (Nov. to April): 6,7°C

- Average summer temperature (May to Oct.): 21°C

- Annual precipitation level: 468,1 mm

(2015) 8,5°C 21,4°C 651 mm

- Exposure: 47,1 billion vehicle km (2012) [1] 153,7 billion vehicle km (2012)1

- 0,60 vehicles per person (2012) [1] 0,65 (2013) Sources: [1] IRTAD; [2] EUROSTAT; [3] DG MOVE; [4] CIA

Country characteristics Table 2: Characteristics of the Czech Republic in comparison to the EU average

Characteristics of the Czech Republic EU average*

- Population density: 133 inhabitants/km2 (2013) [2]

115 inhabitants/km2 (2013)

- Population composition (2013): 15% children (0-14 years) 67,7% adults (15-64 years) 17,3% elderly (65 years and over)

15,6% children 65,9% adults 18,5% elderly (2013)

- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita: €14.961 (2013) [2]

€26.763 (2013)

- 73% of population lives inside urban area (2015) [4]

73% (2015)

- Special characteristics[4]: Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country

Sources: [1] IRTAD; [2] EUROSTAT; [3] national sources; [4] CIA

*The European average is calculated based on the latest data available for the 28 EU countries 1 Based on 18 EU countries (excl. BG, ES, HR, IT, CY, LT, LU, HU, MT); data of EE, LV, PL, RO (2010); data of SK (2000); data of EL (1998)

The Czech Republic is a densely populated country with

a low GDP per capita.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Structure of road safety management In Czech Republic policy making is centralised. The following key actors are responsible for Road Safety (RS) policy making: Table 3: Key actors per function in the Czech Republic

Key functions Key actors

1. - Formulation of national

RS strategy - Setting targets - Development of the RS

programme

- Ministry of Transport (MoT) - Czech Governmental Council for Road Safety

2. Monitoring of the RS development in the country

- Ministry of Transport

3. Improvements in road infrastructure

- Transport Research Centre (CDV) - MoT

4. Vehicle improvement - Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks: vehicle licensing and technical inspection

5. Improvement in road user education

- Ministry of Transport - Ministry of Education - Transport Research Centre (CDV)

6. Publicity campaigns - MoT - The Ministry of Interior - The police - NGOs

7. Enforcement of road traffic laws

- Police

8. Other relevant actors - The Ministry of Health; - The Transport Research Centre (CDV) - NGOs: NGOs (mainly campaigning and road

traffic education) e.g.: National Healthy Cities Network, Partnership Foundation, Central Auto Club, Auto Club of the Czech Republic, Road Safety Foundation, CESMAD Bohemia, the association of road haulers, Czech Association of Road Accident Victims

Sources: national sources

The Czech Ministry of Transport is the main

responsible for road safety issues.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Attitudes towards risk taking - Czech drivers report less risky behaviour than drivers from other

countries. This is especially the case for too close following and making/answering calls with handheld phones.

- There is more support among Czech drivers for stricter legislation regarding speeding and drink-driving than among drivers in other countries.

- The perceived probability of being checked for alcohol use is higher than the SARTRE average.

Table 4: Road safety attitudes and behaviour of drivers

Czech Republic

SARTRE average

Self-reported driving behaviour % of drivers that show behaviour at least often

Too close following 6% 13%

Make/answer a call with handheld phone 6% 13%

Likelihood to drive at 20km/h over the speed limit in residential area in the next month

7% 11%

Supporting stricter legislation % of drivers that support stricter legislation

Higher penalties for speeding offences 57% 52%

Higher penalties for drink-driving offences 88% 84%

Lower BAC levels 78% 60%

Perceived probability of being checked % of drivers that believe that probability is high

Speeding 17% 16%

Alcohol use 20% 9% Source: SARTRE 2010

Legend (comparison of country attitude in relation to average attitude of other SARTRE countries):

2-9% better

10-19% better

≥ 20% better

2-9% worse 10-19% worse

≥ 20% worse

Czech drivers are somewhat more in favour of stricter

legislation than drivers in other countries.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Programmes and measures Road Safety Strategy of the Czech Republic The latest road safety plan of the Czech Republic starts from the idea that road safety is a right and responsibility of everybody. National strategic plans and targets - The latest road safety plan (2011-2020) of the Czech Republic was

adopted in 2011. - Targets (referred to 2009) Table 5: Road safety targets for the Czech Republic

Year Fatalities Serious injuries

2020 Max. = average of EU fatalities/country

-60% -40%

Priority topics:

- Children - Pedestrians - Cyclists - Motorcyclists - Young and novice drivers - Aging population - Alcohol and other addictive substances impairing driving - Inappropriate speeding - Aggressive driving

(Sources: IRTAD, 2015; national sources)

Road infrastructure Table 6: Description of the road categories and their characteristics in the Czech Republic Road type General speed limit (km/h)

Urban roads 50

Rural roads 90

Motorways 130 Source: IRTAD, 2015

Special rules for:

- Light motorcycles (A1: until 18 years): 80 km/h

Guidelines and strategic plans for infrastructure are available in the Czech Republic.

The Czech road safety plan starts from the idea that road

safety is a right and responsibility of everybody.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Table 7: Obligatory parts of infrastructure management in the Czech Republic and other EU countries

Obligatory parts in the Czech Republic: EU countries with obligation

Safety impact assessment: no 32%

Road safety audits: yes 81%

Road safety inspections: yes 89%

High risk site treatment: yes 74% Source: IRTAD, 2015

Recent infrastructural actions have been addressing:

- identification and elimination of high risk sites. (Source: IRTAD, 2014)

Traffic laws and regulations Table 8: Description of the regulations in the Czech Republic in relation to the most common regulations in other EU countries

Regulations in the Czech Republic [1] Most common in EU (% of countries)

Allowed BAC level: 0,0‰ - Novice drivers: 0,0‰ - Professional drivers: 0,0‰

0,5‰ (54%) 0,2‰ (43%) 0,2‰ (32%) and 0,0‰ (36%)

Phoning: - Hand held: not allowed - Hands free: allowed

Not allowed (all countries) Allowed (all countries)

Use of restraint systems: - Driver: obligatory - Front passenger: obligatory - Rear passengers: obligatory - Children: obligatory

Obligatory (all countries) Obligatory (all countries) Obligatory (all countries) Obligatory (all countries)

Helmet wearing: - Motor riders: Obligatory - Moped riders: Obligatory - Cyclists: obligatory up to 18 years

Obligatory (all countries) Obligatory (all countries) Not obligatory (39%)

-Daytime running lights are mandatory. -A demerit point system is in place. [2]

Sources: [1] EC DG-Move, 2015; [2] WHO, 2013

Enforcement

Table 9: Effectiveness of enforcement effort in the Czech Republic according to an international respondent consensus (scale = 0-10)

Issue Score for the

Czech Republic Most common in EU

(% of countries)

Speed legislation enforcement 7 7 (43%)

Seat-belt law enforcement 9 7 (25%) and 8 (25%)

Child restraint law enforcement 8 8 (39%)

Helmet legislation enforcement 9 9 (50%)

Drink-driving law enforcement 8 8 (43%) Source: WHO, 2015

Recent infrastructural actions in the Czech Republic were

directed at identification and elimination of high risk sites.

The Czech Republic has a zero tolerance for drink-driving,

which is much stricter than in the rest of EU.

Seat-belt law enforcement is more effective than in most EU

countries; effectiveness of other traffic issues is at EU

average.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Road user education and training Table 11: Road user education and training in the Czech Republic compared to the situation in other EU countries Education and training in the Czech Republic

Most common in EU (% of countries)

General education programmes: - Primary school: voluntary - Secondary school: voluntary - Other groups: no information

Compulsory (71%) Compulsory (43%) -

Driving licences thresholds: - Passenger car: 18 years - Motorised two wheeler: 18 years - Buses and coaches: 21 years - Lorries and trucks: 21 years

18 years (79%) 18 years (low categories) and higher ages (32%) 21 years (86%) 21 years (75% )

Sources: [1] ROSE25, 2005; [2] ETSC; [3] national sources

Public Campaigns Table 12: Public campaigns in the Czech Republic compared to the situation in other EU countries

Campaigns in the Czech Republic Most common issues in EU (% of countries)

Organisation: - The Ministry of Transport - The Ministry of Interior - The police - NGOs

Main themes: - Drink-driving - Seat belt - Speeding - Child Safety Education

Drink-driving (96%) Speeding (86%) Seat-belt (79%)

Sources: SUPREME; ETSC, 2011; national sources

Vehicles and technology (national developments) Table 13: Developments of vehicles and technology in the Czech Republic, compared to the situation in other EU countries

Mandatory technical inspections: Most common in EU

(% of countries)

Passenger cars: first inspection after 4 years, then every 24 months

Every 12 months (39%)

Motorcycles: first inspection after 4 years, then every 24 months

Every 24 months (32%)

Buses or coaches: no information Every 12 months (61%)

Lorries or trucks: no information Every 12 months (68%) Sources: EC website; national sources

Road safety education is voluntary in the Czech

Republic, but child safety education is also a topic for

national campaigns.

No information is available on mandatory inspections for

buses/coaches and lorries/trucks in the Czech

Republic.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Road Safety Performance Indicators Speed Table 14: Number of speed tickets per population in the Czech Republic versus the EU average

Measure 2006 2009 Average annual change

EU average (2011)

Number of speed tickets/ 1000 population

30 19 -12% 108

Sources: [1] ETSC, 2010; [2] ETSC, 2015

Table 15: Percentage of speed offenders per road type in the Czech Republic compared to the EU average

Road type 2004 2009 Average annual change

EU average

Motorways 11% 35%* 84% n/a

Rural roads 32%** 17% -9,4% n/a

Urban roads 42% 21% -4,4% n/a Source: ETSC, 2010 *Data from 2006 **Data from 2005

Table 16: Mean speed per road type in the Czech Republic compared to the EU average

Road type 2004 2009 Average annual change

EU average

Motorways 107 km/h 105 km/h* -0,5% n/a

Rural roads 70 km/h** 68 km/h -0,7% n/a

Urban roads 51 km/h 41 km/h -4% n/a Source: ETSC, 2010 *Data from 2006 **Data from 2005

Alcohol Table 17: Road side surveys for drink-driving in the Czech Republic compared to the EU average

Measure 2006 2010 Average annual change

EU average (2010)

Amount of tests/1000 population

n/a n/a n/a 154

% tested over the limit n/a n/a n/a 2,8% Sources: [1] ETSC, 2010; [2] ETSC, 2015

Mean speed has dropped on all roads in the Czech Republic, as well as the number of speed

tickets per population.

In the Czech Republic there is no information on the amount

of drink-driving offences.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Vehicles Table 18: State of the vehicle fleet in the Czech Republic compared to the EU average

Vehicles EU average

Cars per age group (2012) [1]: - 12% ≤ 2 years - 12% 3 to 5 years - 22% 6 to 10 years - 54% > 10 years

Passenger cars (2012) 9% ≤ 2 years

13% 3 to 5 years 28% 6 to 10 years

49% >10 years

EuroNCAP occupant protection score of cars (new cars sold in 2008) [2]: - 5 stars: no information - 4 stars: no information - 3 stars: no information - 2 stars: no information

5 stars: 49% 4 stars: 35% 3 stars: 6% 2 stars 1%2

Source: [1] EUROSTAT, 2015; [2] ETSC, 2009

Protective systems Table 19: Protective system use in the Czech Republic versus the average in EU Protective systems EU average3

Daytime seat belt wearing in cars and vans (2012): - 97% front - no information on % driver - no information on % front passenger - 66% rear

(2014)

93% front not available not available

63% rear

Helmet use (2012): - nearly 100% motorcycle and moped

riders - no information on cyclists

not available

Source: IRTAD, 2015

2 Based on data of 27 countries (excl. CY, IS and MT). 3 Based on data of 17 EU countries; data of AT, IE, LT, PL, SE, UK (2014); data of DE, FI, HU,

PT (2013); data of CZ, DK, EE, ES, FR, LV (2012)

In the Czech Republic, the vehicle fleet is older than the

EU average.

Seat-belt wearing rates are somewhat higher than the EU

average.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Road Safety Outcomes General positioning Between 2003 and 2014, a notable decrease of the fatality rate in the Czech Republic from nearly 150 to 61 fatalities per million inhabitants in the year 2014 was observed. Despite this decrease, the fatality rate is still higher than the EU average. Figure 1: Fatalities per million inhabitants in 2014 with EU average

Sources: CARE, Eurostat

Figure 2 Development of fatalities per million inhabitants between 2001 and 2014 for Czech Republic and the EU average

Sources: CARE, Eurostat

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A notable decrease of the fatality rate in the Czech Republic was observed,

however, it is still higher than the EU average.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Transport mode The shares of both pedestrians and car occupants are a bit higher than the EU average, whereas the share of motorcyclists is lower. For both pedestrians and car occupant fatalities an average annual reduction of 6% and 7% respectively was recorded between 2001 and 2013. For motorcyclists fatalities the average annual reduction was only 2%. Table 20: Reported fatalities by mode of road transport in the Czech Republic compared to the EU average of the last year available

Transport mode 2001 2013 Average annual change

Share in 2013

EU average (2013)

Pedestrians 322 162 -6% 25% 22%

Car occupants 715 308 -7% 47% 45%

Motorcyclists 86 66 -2% 10% 15%

Mopeds 9 6 -3% 1% 3%

Cyclists 141 74 -5% 11% 8%

Bus/coach occupants

7 2 -10% 0% 1%

Lorries or truck occupants

49 34 -3% 5% 5%

Sources: CARE, national sources

Age, gender and nationality Table 21: Reported fatalities by age, gender and nationality in the Czech Republic versus the EU average of the last year available

Age and gender 2001 2013 Average annual change

Share in 2013

EU average (2013)

Females

0-14 years 17 0 - 0% 1%

15 – 17 years 15 3 -13% 0% 1%

18 – 24 years 50 14 -10% 2% 3%

25 – 49 years 105 40 -8% 6% 6%

50 – 64 years 56 33 -4% 5% 4%

65+ years 94 60 -4% 9% 9%

Males

0-14 years 21 0 - 0% 1%

15 – 17 years 22 6 -10% 1% 2%

18 – 24 years 186 82 -7% 13% 12%

25 – 49 years 414 202 -6% 31% 30%

50 – 64 years 196 103 -5% 16% 15%

65+ years 147 95 -4% 15% 16%

Nationality of driver or rider killed

National 1.241 606 -6% 93% n/a

Non-national 92 48 -5% 7% n/a Sources: CARE, national sources

The share of both pedestrians and car occupants is a bit higher compared to the EU average; the share of the

motorcyclists is lower.

The number of fatalities by age group is about at EU

average.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Location Fatalities in rural areas are over-represented in the Czech Republic compared to the EU average. Table 22: Reported fatalities by location in the Czech Republic compared to the EU average of the last year available

Location 2001 2013 Average annual change

Share in 2013

EU average (2013)

Built-up areas 525 241 -6% 37% 38%

Rural areas 765 388 -6% 59% 54%

Motorways 43 25 -4% 4% 7%

Junctions 242 140 -4% 21% 19% Sources: CARE, national sources

Lighting and weather conditions Table 23: Reported fatalities by lighting and weather conditions in the Czech Republic compared to the EU average of the last year available

Conditions 2001 2013 Average annual change

Share in 2013

EU average (2013)

Lightning conditions

During daylight n/a 415 - 63% 49%

During night-time 508 213 -7% 33% 30% Weather conditions

While raining 130 63 -6% 10% 9% Sources: CARE, national sources

Single vehicle accidents Table 24: Reported fatalities by type in the Czech Republic compared to the EU average of the last year available

Accident Type 2001 2013 Average annual change

Share in 2013

EU average (2013)

Single vehicle accidents

405 197 -6% 30% 40%

Sources: CARE, national sources

Under-reporting of casualties - Fatalities: 100% (2009), due to improvements of the data recording

systems. - Hospitalised: no studies with quantitative information exist.

Fatalities in rural areas are over-represented in the Czech

Republic.

Fatalities during daylight have a higher share in the Czech Republic than on average in EU; single vehicle accidents

have a lower share.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Risk Figures Figure 3: Fatalities by vehicle type in the Czech Republic in 2012

Sources: CARE, IRTAD

Figure 4: Fatalities by million inhabitants in the Czech Republic in 2013

Sources: CARE, EUROSTAT

In the Czech Republic, the fatality risk is highest for

motorcyclists, adolescents and the elderly.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Social Cost - The total cost of road accident casualties (fatalities and injuries) is

estimated at 48,5 billion euros (2014). - The following costs are an update of the values in Table 5.3 of the

HEATCO Deliverable D5 (2006) to base year 2010. Each figure includes the value of safety per se (VSL4 for fatality, 13% of VSL for severe, 1% for light injury) and the value of direct and indirect economic costs (10% of VSL for fatality, severe and slight injury based on HEATCO (2005)). EU average based on the VSL of €1.7 million.

- The costs per casualty for 2010 are as follows: Table 25: Cost (€) per injury type in the Czech Republic versus the EU average

Country Fatality Severe injury Slight injury

Austria 2.395.000 327.000 25.800

Belgium 2.178.000 330.400 21.300

Bulgaria 984.000 127.900 9.800

Croatia 1.333.000 173.300 13.300

Cyprus 1.234.000 163.100 11.900

Czech Republic 1.446.000 194.300 14.100

Denmark 2.364.000 292.600 22.900

Estonia 1.163.000 155.800 11.200

Finland 2.213.000 294.300 22.000

France 2.070.000 289.200 21.600

Germany 2.220.000 307.100 24.800

Greece 1.518.000 198.400 15.100

Hungary 1.225.000 164.400 11.900

Ireland 2.412.000 305.600 23.300

Italy 1.916.000 246.200 18.800

Latvia 1.034.000 140.000 10.000

Lithuania 1.061.000 144.900 10.500

Luxembourg 3.323.000 517.700 31.200

Malta 2.122.000 269.500 20.100

Netherlands 2.388.000 316.400 25.500

Poland 1.168.000 156.700 11.300

Portugal 1.505.000 201.100 13.800

Romania 1.048.000 136.200 10.400

Slovakia 1.593.000 219.700 15.700

Slovenia 1.989.000 258.300 18.900

Spain 1.913.000 237.800 17.900

Sweden 2.240.000 328.700 23.500

Great Britain 2.170.000 280.300 22.200

EU average 1.870.000 243.100 18.700 Source: Update of the Handbook on External Costs of Transport. Final Report. Report for the European Commission: DG MOVE. Ricardo-AEA/R/ ED57769 Issue Number 1; 8th January 2014

4 Value of Statistical Life

In the Czech Republic, the costs of road accident casualties are

lower than in the EU on average.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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Synthesis Safety position - The annual fatalities per million population are higher in the Czech

Republic than the EU average. Scope of problem - As on average in the EU, most fatalities occur among car occupants

and pedestrians. Motorcyclist fatality rate is lower than the EU average.

- The number of fatalities by age group is about at EU average for both genders.

- Fatalities in rural areas are over-represented in the Czech Republic compared to the EU on average.

- The percentage of speed offenders on motorways has increased, and a drop has been recorded in the number of speed tickets per population.

Recent progress - The amount of annual fatalities per million population is gradually

decreasing over the years, but with a fluctuating pattern. Remarkable road safety policy issues - The Czech road safety plan starts from the idea that road safety is a

right and responsibility of everybody. - Recent infrastructural actions in the Czech Republic were directed at

identification and elimination of high risk sites. - The Czech Republic has a zero tolerance for drink-driving, which is

much stricter than in the rest of EU. - Seat-belt law enforcement is more effective than in most EU

countries, which is also reflected by the seat-belt wearing rates. Effectiveness of other traffic issues is at the same level of the most EU countries.

Seat-belt law enforcement is more effective than in most EU

countries, which is also reflected by the seat-belt

wearing rates.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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References 1. CARE database (2015). 2. CIA database (2015). 3. DG-TREN (2010). Technical Assistance in support of the Preparation of

the European Road Safety Action Program 2011-2020. Final Report. DG-TREN, Brussels.

4. European Commission website (2015). http://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/formalities/index_en.htm

5. European Commission DG Move website (2015). http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/index_en.htm

6. ETSC (2009). Boost the market for safer cars across Europe. + Background tables PIN Flash no. 13. ETSC, Brussels.

7. ETSC (2010). Road Safety Target in Sight: Making up for lost time. + Background tables 4th Road Safety PIN report. ETSC, Brussels.

8. ETSC (2014). Ranking EU progress on car occupant safety. + Background tables PIN Flash no. 27. ETSC, Brussels.

9. ETSC (2015). Enforcement in the EU-Vision 2020. + Background tables. ETSC, Brussels.

10. ETSC (2015). Making walking and cycling on Europe's roads safer. + Background tables PIN Flash no. 29. ETSC, Brussels.

11. ETSC (2015). Ranking EU progress on improving motorway safety. + Background tables PIN Flash no. 28. ETSC, Brussels.

12. Eurostat database (2015). 13. European Commission (2014). Handbook on External Costs of Transport.

Final Report. Ricardo-AEA/R/ ED57769 Issue Number 1; 8th January 2014.

14. European Commission (2015). Road Safety in the European Union: Trends, statistics and main challenges. European Commission, Mobility and Transport DG, Brussels.

15. National Sources (2015): via national CARE experts and official national sources of statistics.

16. OECD/ITF (2014). Road Safety Annual Report 2014. OECD Publishing, Paris.

17. OECD/ITF (2015). Road Safety Annual Report 2015. OECD Publishing, Paris.

18. OECD/ITF (2015). Road Infrastructure Safety Management. OECD Publishing, Paris.

19. ROSE25 (2005). Inventory and compiling of a European good practice guide on road safety education targeted at young people. Final report. KfV, Vienna.

20. SARTRE (2010). European road users' risk perception and mobility. SARTRE 4 survey.

21. SUPREME (2007) Final Report Part F1. Thematic Report: Education and Campaigns. European Commission, Brussels.

22. WHO (2013). Global status report on road safety 2013: supporting a decade of action. World Health Organisation, Geneva.

23. WHO (2015). Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health Organisation, Geneva.

24. UNECE database (2015).

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Notes

1. Country abbreviations

Belgium BE Italy IT Romania RO

Bulgaria BG Cyprus CY Slovenia SI

Czech Republic CZ Latvia LV Slovakia SK

Denmark DK Lithuania LT Finland FI

Germany DE Luxembourg LU Sweden SE

Estonia EE Hungary HU United Kingdom UK

Ireland IE Malta MT

Greece EL Netherlands NL Iceland IS

Spain ES Austria AT Liechtenstein LI

France FR Poland PL Norway NO

Croatia HR Portugal PT Switzerland CH

2. Sources: CARE (Community database on road accidents), EUROSTAT, ITF-IRTAD, National sources. The full glossary of definitions of variables used in this Report is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/pdf/statistics/cadas_glossary.pdf 3. Data available in September 2015. 4. Average annual change is calculated as follows: a) when data for all years are available, then the average annual change is calculated

as the arithmetic mean of all annual changes, b) when data for all years are not available, then the average annual change is

calculated with the power function between the first and last years [aac = (b/a)1/n-1, where aac: annual average change, a: first year value, b: last year

value, n: number of years]. 5. Explanation of symbols in Tables: n/a: not available "-": not applicable (e.g. calculation cannot be performed) 6. This 2015 edition of Road Safety Country Overviews updates the previous version produced in 2012 within the EU co-funded research project DaCoTA. 7. Disclaimer This report has been produced by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), the Austrian Road Safety Board (KFV) and the European Union Road Federation (ERF) under a contract with the European Commission. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the information presented in this report is relevant, accurate and up-to-date, the Partners cannot accept any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content in another context. Any information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained therein. 8. Please refer to this Report as follows: European Commission, Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic, European Commission, Directorate General for Transport, October 2015.

Road Safety Country Overview – Czech Republic

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