Czech Hydrometeorological Institute Assessment of air pollution by cadmium CZECH REPUBLIC EMEP Heavy metal case study Milan Váňa, Pavel Machálek + MSC-E.

Czech Hydrometeorological Institute

Assessment of air pollution by cadmium

CZECH REPUBLICEMEP Heavy metal case study

Milan Váňa, Pavel Machálek

+ MSC-E

EMEP TFMM meeting, 17-19.4.2012 Gozo, Malta

General benefit for CR

To use the modelling capacity of MSC-E for more detailed analyzes of measured data from the Czech national monitoring network. The study is focused on cadmuim, reference year 2007.

Data reporting

• Air concentration – data reported – Feb 2010• Precipitation – data reported – Feb 2010• Throughfall – data reported – Feb 2010• Metadata about stations – March 2010• Emissions – May 2010• Meteorological data from the Czech network –

May 2010• Soil data reported – Sept 2010

Bilateral meetings1st Bilateral meeting 15 - 16th April 2010 • Definition of general aim of the study for The Czech Republic

•Time schedule of activities within the study

2nd bilateral meeting 3 - 4th March 2011 •Main task: to present and summarize the existing results and to define the tasks for the upcoming phase of the study.

3rd bilateral meeting 8 - 9th December 2011 •To present and summarize preliminary results and to prepare the time schedule for joint report focused on heavy metal case study for the Czech Republic.

•Identification of remaining problems to be solved:

Analysis of Cd pollution in the Czech Republic

13th TFMM meeting, April 2012 Gozo

Concentrations and deposition with 5x5 km resolution based on national emission data

Evaluation of modelled Cd levels against measurements

Comparison of modelled meteorological parameters with observations

Selection of priority stations for analysis (8 of 74)

Investigation of influence of spatial resolution on pollution levels

Collection of national data (emission, monitoring, ….)

Atmospheric modelling

Analysis of the results

Improved assessment of pollution levels

General scheme of the case study

Usage of supporting information (measurements in mosses) for evaluation of spatial distribution

Assimilation of meteorological data from national synoptic stations

Recent activities

Modelled Cd air concentrations

Finer resolution

- priority monitoring stations

- other monitoring stations

50x50 km 5x5 km

50x50 km 5x5 km

Modelled Cd total deposition

TASKS

Contributions of administrative regions

Contributions of source categories (NFR) to pollution levels

Contributions of large point sources to pollution (1A1, 1A2)

Contributions of neighbouring countries to pollution levels

Deposition from regions of a country

Annual deposition from sources of Ustecky region g/km2/y, in 2007

From Ustecky region

0

20

40

60

80

Uste

cky

Str

edocesky

Karlovars

ky

Lib

ere

cky

Plz

ensky

Kra

lovehra

decky

Jih

ocesky

Oth

er

De

po

sit

ion

, k

g/y

Deposition from Ustecky region to other regions of CZ

Annual deposition from sources of Moravskoslezsky regiong/km2/y, in 2007

Annual deposition from sources of NFR category 1A1a (Public electricity and heat production),

g/km2/y, 2007

Annual deposition from sources of NFR category 1A2a (Combustion in production of iron and steel )

g/km2/y, 2007

Annual deposition from sources of NFR category 2C1 (Iron and Steel production),

g/km2/y, 2007

Annual deposition from sources of category R1_TECHN (non-LPS technological sources),

g/km2/y, 2007

Contribution of source categories to deposition of Cd to regions of the Czech Republic

Ustecky

69%

2% 28%1%

Vysocina

42%

7%

19%

32%

Moravskoslezsky

8%

28%

58%

6%

Jihomoravsky

20%

13%

38%

29%

Cd deposition in CZ, 5x5 kmEnergy production Iron and Steel (combustion)

Iron and Steel production Other

Evaluation of transport from individual point sources (Czech Republic)

Source: Power station Chvaletice, 98 kg Cd per year

Cd deposition to administrative regions

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Hla

vn

i_m

esto

_P

rah

a

Jih

oce

sky

Jih

om

ora

vsky

Ka

rlo

va

rsky

Kra

love

hra

de

cky

Lib

ere

cky

Mo

ravsko

sle

zsky

Olo

mo

ucky

Pa

rdu

bic

ky

Plz

en

sky

Str

ed

oce

sky

Uste

cky

Vyso

cin

a

Zlin

skyT

ota

l d

ep

os

. to

re

gio

n, k

g / y

ea

r

External

National

Cd deposition flux to regions

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Hla

vn

i_m

esto

_P

rah

a

Jih

oce

sky

Jih

om

ora

vsky

Ka

rlo

va

rsky

Kra

love

hra

de

cky

Lib

ere

cky

Mo

ravsko

sle

zsky

Olo

mo

ucky

Pa

rdu

bic

ky

Plz

en

sky

Str

ed

oce

sky

Uste

cky

Vyso

cin

a

Zlin

sky

De

po

s. F

lux

to

re

gio

n, g

/km

2 /ye

ar External

National

Contribution of external emission sources of Cd to anthropogenic deposition in the Czech Republic

Depostion of Cd from countriesMoravskoslezsky region

Czech_Rep.35%

Poland41%

Slovakia16%

Austria1%

Other5%

Serbia1%

Russia1%

Vysocina region

Germany3%

Austria4%

Other16%

Serbia3%

Slovakia20%Poland

38%

Czech Rep.16%

Conclusions

• The emissions from the most polluted regions sources influence the whole north-western part of the Czech Republic (Ustecky) and north-eastern (Ostravsky) and caused significant transport to the border regions of Germany and Poland

• The high Cd concentrations and depositions from internal sources in the Ustecky region are mostly caused by emissions from power plants and heating, in the other hot spot (Moravskoslezský region) by iron and steel production and combustion during these activities.

Conclusions

• Strong contribution of external emission sources to the pollution levels by cadmium all over the Czech Republic, especially in the eastern part

General conclusion

• Spatial resolution of emission data is a key factor of improvement of quality of pollution assessment at national scale. Besides, emissions of neighbouring countries with fine resolution are highly important.

Conclusions for the Czech Republic

• The study give us opportunities to precise the measures for improvement of air quality strategies and policy in the polluted areas

• The results of EMEP HM case study will be used as one of the basis for the prepared heavy metal environmental strategy prepared by the Czech Ministry of Environment and for local authorities