Cyborgs Ppt

CYBORGS

Guided by: By:

Mrs. K. Radhika M. Dinakaran Joseph

(Assoc. Prof) (08361A0521)

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTIONCLASSIFICATION OF CYBORGSHUMAN IMPLANTATIONAPPLICATIONS OF CYBORGSADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESPHOTO GALLERYCONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS CYBERNETICS?

WHAT IS CYBORG?

PERSONS BEHIND CYBERNETICS:Kevin Warwick

Brian Andrews

Peter Teddy

Amjad Shad

Brian Gardner

Mark Gasson

CLASSIFICATION OF CYBORGS

Convenient Cyborgs Conditional CyborgsHybrotsRobots

◦ PROSTHESIS (or Prosthetic n.):

An artefact that provides the human body with previously missing functionality or overcomes defective functionality.

◦ OTHOSIS (or Orthotic n.):

An artefact that supplements or extends a human's capabilities.

Types of Prosthesis External Prosthesis:

Separate from the human body but satisfactorily interfaced with itExamples: Spectacles, walking sticks, crutches, renal dialysis, heart-lung machines

Exo-Prosthesis:On an extremity of the human body and satisfactorily interfaced with itExamples: Contact lenses, conventional artificial hands, arms and legs

Endo-ProsthesisInternal to the human body and satisfactorily interfaced with itExamples: Artificial hips, knees, stents, pace- makers, implants (cochlear, lenses)

Types of ORTHOSIS

External Orthosis:Examples are Telescopes, microscopes, golf-clubs, skis, snorkels, body-suits for knights, astronauts, deep-sea divers,

Exo-Orthosis: Examples are Extra fingers, highly-articulated joints, spring-steel legs

Endo-Orthosis:Examples are Chip implants (e.g. for id disclosure, tracking, door opening, pain management)

Implementation:Kevin Warwick is a British Scientist and

professor of Cybernetics at the University of Reading, England. He is best known for his studies on direct interfaces between computer systems and the human nervous system.

He started a project and was called as “I, Cyborg”

He got a chip implanted into his arm, with the aim of becoming the “FIRST CYBORG".

Silicon chip transponder implanted in professor Warwick's left arm.

Implant was encased in a glass tube.

The chip receives signals and sends them to a computer

CHIP IMPLANT

On the 14th of March 2002 a 100 electrode array was surgically implanted into the median nerve fibres of the left arm of Professor Kevin Warwick

Electrode array

DIAGRAM OF IMPLANT

EEG stands for Electroencephelography

It is the neurophysiological measurement, via the use of electrodes on the scalp of the electrical activity of the brain.

Click icon to add picture

Non-invasive BCIs (EEG)

APPLICATIONS

IN MEDICAL FIELD:

In medicine, there are two important and different types of cyborgs:

RestorativeEnhanced.

IN ART:

The concept of cyborgation to associate to most people with science fiction, they tend to believe cyborgs exist only in imaginations of writers and artists. Cyborgs get famed through mainly science fiction films and through stories of writers.

In military: Military organizations' research has recently focused

on the utilization of cyborg animals for inter-species relationships for the purposes of a supposed a tactical advantage.

DARPA is developing a neural implant to remotely control the movement of sharks. The shark's unique senses would be exploited to provide data feedback in relation to enemy ship movement and underwater explosives.

DARPA has announced its interest in developing "cyborg insects" to transmit data from sensors implanted into the insect during the pupal stage

IN SPORTS:

Some prosthetic leg and feet allow for runners to adjust the length of their stride which could potentially improve run times and in time actually allow a runner with prosthetic leg to be fastest in the world.

IN POPULAR CULTURE:

Cyborgs are become a well-known part of science through fiction literature and other media.

Examples:Terminator, Star war’s etc.

Mechanical based models include Replicants and Cylons.

SingleAbove-The-

Knee Amputee

Earle Connor CA

12.08 seconds for 100m

(avg 29 kph)


A MECHANICAL SUBSTITUTE

Double Below-The-

Knee Amputee

Oscar Pistorius ZA

21.58 seconds for 200m

(avge 33.36 kph)

Improvements needed 2005-08:

5% for the QF6.5% for the SF10% for Olympic

Gold

A Mechanical Enhancement


Above-the-Elbow AmputeePeter Eberle

“The nerves at the top of the arm tell the muscles to contract. …The muscle emits myo-electrical impulses that are detected by the arm’s CPU, which tells the motor in the hand to move”


Advantages:Prolongs lifeEnables one to lead a normal lifeGives a part of the body backImproves the quality of lifeHuman beings with extra sensesIntercommunication without using

speechDiseases could be analysed and

cured in terms of neural impulse signals.

Disadvanages:Training is needed.They are all expensive.Psychological problems.Feeling ‘different’ to everyone else.The risk of rejection/infection.Separation through Biological have’s

and have-not’s.Violation of human privacy and

dominant caste forcing the rest of un-technologized humanity.

CONCLUSIONThe idea is that, in the future, we may have

more and more artificial body parts—arms, legs, hearts, eyes and so on—till one might end up finally as a brain in a wholly artificial body.

The use of Cyborg technology will convert humans into “SuperHumans” with powers never possessed by humans before.

In the years ahead we will witness machines with an intelligence more powerful than that of humans

Humans have limited capabilities.