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Cyberspace Internet Components
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Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Dec 26, 2015

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Ashley Cobb
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Page 1: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Cyberspace Internet Components

Page 2: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

With this  presentation we  intend  to  present the different components/equipments that  allow  us to connect and browse the Web.

Internet connection equipment

Transmission Means

Communication protocols

Page 3: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Transmission Means

A physical means  of  transmission in  a  computer network is  the communication  channel, by which, computers  send and  receive signals that encode information.

The most currently used is the wireless.

Electric cables Optical cables WirelessHome

Page 4: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Electric cables

The copper  cable transmit electrical  signals at  a  high frequency  to relatively long distances.They  are  vulnerable  to external electromagnetic interference.Copper cables are composed of four pairs of copper wires that are twisted together,  protecting transmissions  from outside interference.

Transmission MeansHome

Main conductorCopper wire Shield

Copper wire webbing

DielectricSolid plastic

Externel protectionAnti-fire flexible polyvinyl chloride

Electric versus Optical cables

Page 5: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Optical cables

The optical  fiber  cables using the  phenomenon of total  internal refraction of  light beams to pass over long distances.A very  thin glass  core,  made  of silica  with high purity is  surrounded  by a  layer (also silica) with refractive  index  lower cladding call, which causes  the light  transmitted  by  the fiber core is reflected the inner walls of the cable.

Home Electric versus Optical cables Transmission Means

Page 6: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Electric Cables Vs Optical Cables

Advantages Disadvantages 

Optical Cables •Thickness allows the inclusion of a large volume of wire in one cable. 

• Immune to electromagnetic interference.• High transmission rate.• Carry digital signals without loss.

• Expensive material.• More susceptible to external interference.

Electric Cables • Cheap material.• Good resistance to external interference.

• Loss of transmission signal over long distances.• Vulnerable to electro-magnetic interference.

Home Transmission Means

Page 7: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Wireless

It  is a  technology  that don’t  uses wires to transmit data to another device. Examples of wireless technologies:

–Bluetooth– Infrared– Wi-Fi

Home Transmission Means

Page 8: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Bluetooth

Bluetooth  is a communication  protocol that  allows the connection  via a  radio  frequency at  short  ranges, between devices such  as mobile phones, laptops, computers, printers, digital  cameras and game consoles.

Home Transmission Means Back

Page 9: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Infrared

Another type of wireless transmission medium is based on  infrared  light.  Basically  functions  as  the communication system using optical fiber, but the beam is  transmitted through  free space  (light waves)  instead of  fiberglass.  The  signal  is  converted  to  digital  format and transmitted through free space.

Home Transmission Means Back

Page 10: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Wi-Fi

Bluetooth  is a communication  protocol that  allows the connection  via a  radio  frequency at  short  ranges, between devices such  as mobile phones, laptops, computers, printers, digital  cameras and game consoles.

Home Transmission Means Back

Page 11: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Internet evolution

• 1960 - Introduction of modems that allowed the connection of terminals to central computers.

• 1980- The need for transferring large files and graphics led to the introduction of faster modems.

• 1990- The speeds increased to 56kbps modems.• 2000- The high-speed services or broadband 

becomes necessary.• Use of transmission media (twisted pair, coaxial 

cable, wireless or fiber optic).

Modem Switch BridgeRouterHome

Page 12: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Modem

• Modem electronic equipment is one which has the function, modulation and demodulation (through which digital signals to recover the originally built).

• There are certain characteristics that distinguish each other's modem:

• Bps: (Bytes per second) The more bps modem to allow the faster the transmission and receipt of information.

• Voice/data: Transmission and reception of audio signals. This is a mixture of the modem with the sound card.

• Auto-answer: Allows the computer to receive calls without the user.

Internet connection equipmentHome Back

Page 13: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Modem

• There are two common types of modem:

• Broadband modems: The broadband modems are connected to a cable or DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and provide access to high-speed Internet.

• Dial-up modems: Dial-up modems are connected to the Internet using a telephone line, usually at much lower than that of broadband modems.

Home Back

Page 14: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Switch

A  switch  is  a  device  used  in  computer  networks  to forward frames.The switch functions are performed more quickly by sending multiple packets simultaneously.

Internet connection equipmentHome

Page 15: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Bridge

Bridge is the term used in computing to describe a device that connects two or more networks that use different protocols or equal to two segments of the same network using the protocol memo.Bridges are used to interconnect two networks, such as connection of a network of a building to another.

Internet connection equipmentHome

Page 16: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Router

The  Router  is  a  device  that  a  packet  switching  network information,  is  responsible  for  forwarding  these  from  its origin to its destination.Routing is a function associated with the network layer in a  simple model  of  network  programming,  the OSI  (Open Systems Interconnection).For home and office computers that have a fast connection to the Internet via cable, satellite or DSL, the router can function as a hardware firewall. 

Internet connection equipmentHome Back

Page 17: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Communication protocols

• In computer networks, a protocol is an objective set of specifications that computers understand.

• Technically, it is a standard set of rules that characterize the format, timing, sequence, and also the detection of errors and failures in the transmission of information between computers.

• Thus, two or more computers to communicate over a network, must speak the same language, ie using the same protocol.

• For communication to exist there must be at least one channel, a transmitter and a receptor and ensure that both have the option of using a common protocol.

Home HTTP/HTTPS STMPFTP POP

Page 18: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Communication protocols

• HTTP/HTTPS:– The HyperText Transfer Protocol is an application responsible 

for  processing  requests  and  responses  between  client  and server on the World Wide Web.

– He  arose  from  the  need  to  distribute  information  over  the Internet  and  that  this  distribution  was  possible  was necessary  to  create  a  standardized  way  of  communication between  clients  and  Web  servers  and  understood  by  all computers connected to the Internet. 

– The main idea is to create an HTTPS secure channel over an insecure  network.  This  ensures  reasonable  protection  of persons who perform illegal wiretaps (called eavesdroppers) attacks  and  man-in-the-middle  (man-in-the-middle),  since the  encryption  has  been  properly  used  and  that  the  server certificate is verified and reliable.

Home Back

Page 19: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Communication protocols

• FTP– File  Transfer Protocol  (FTP)  is  a  standard network 

protocol  used  to  transfer  files  from  one  host  to another  host  over  a  TCP-based  network,  such  as the Internet. 

– It  is  often  used  to  upload  web  pages  and  other documents  from  a  private  development  machine to a public web-hosting server. 

– FTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate  control  and  data  connections  between the client and the server.

Home Back

Page 20: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Communication protocols

• POP– Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer 

Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.

Home Back

Page 21: Cyberspace Internet Components. With this presentation we intend to present the different components/equipments that allow us to connect and browse the.

Communication protocols

• STMP– Simple  Mail  Transfer  Protocol  (SMTP)  is  the 

standard  protocol  for  sending  e-mails  over  the Internet.

– It  is  a  relatively  simple  protocol,  based  on  plain text,  where  one  or more  recipients  of  a message are  specified  (and  in most  cases  verified  to  exist) and then, the message transferred.

Home Back