Cybersecurity

CSC Webinar – Cybersecurity – Towards a Strategic Approach on Cyber Risk Page 1

Cybersecurity –Toward a Strategic

Approach to Cyber Risk

Andy Purdy

Chief Cybersecurity Strategist

May 18, 2010


1 What is the current cyber risk?

Summary

2 Learn lessons from experience.

3 What approach should we take?

4 What capabilities do we need?

5 Risk management – for organizations and countries


What is the current cyber risk?


What is Cyber?

• Cyber is the ability to operate in cyberspace to achieve the results that you intend and not those intended by your adversaries, competitors or cyber criminals.

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In this brave new world we tread…

• November 2002 (Geopolitics): The rise of the Botnets

– A DDOS…by an army of citizen-zombie computer attacks…

• April 2004 (Sasser): Widespread outages around the world

– Agence France-Presse (AFP) blocked satellite communications, Delta Airlines cancel several trans-atlantic flights, If and Sampo Bank close130 offices, also impacted …Goldman Sachs, Deutsche Post, European Commission, Lund University Hospital

• January 2010 (Google discloses): The NYT, April 2010

– ―…losses included one of Google’s crown jewels, a password system that controls access by millions of users worldwide to almost all of the company’s Web services, including e-mail and business applications…‖

• Looking into the Future:

→APT/Botnets/Integrity Attacks/Convergence of Threats to Converged Infrastructures

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…cheerfully, into the unknown

• 4G Wireless Broadband Networks: LTE and Wimax

– 100 Mbit/s on the move, and 1 Gbit/s stationary - the world goes wireless

– Tens of billions of devices (smart phones, metering)…

• Convergence in technology and infrastructure: sharing same threats

– Voice – Video – Data: using a common protocol (IP), sharing a common infrastructure, and the risks

– All national infrastructures (energy, transportation) using the same ICT infrastructure

– Threats that transfer between data - video - telephony

– Cloud Computing: A shared ICT infrastructure –shared risks

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Premises

• Experience is only valuable if we learn from it and act on it

• Information sharing is not enough

• A strategic approach to the cyber challenge is essential

• Stakeholder collaboration is critical at each level

• Threat information is important, but risk should be the driver

• Risk management is critical for organizations, nations, and the global information infrastructure

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Summary of Cyber Risk

• The use of innovative technology and interconnected networks in operations improves productivity and efficiency, but also increases the vulnerability to cyber threats if cybersecurity is not addressed and integrated appropriately.

• A spectrum of malicious actors routinely conducts attacks against the cyber infrastructure using cyber attack tools.

• Because of the interconnected nature of the ICT infrastructure, these attacks could spread quickly and have a debilitating effect.

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Learn lessons from experience.


Industry concerns?

• Data vulnerability due to the sizable increase in data volumes, flows, and interfaces

• System security resulting from converged, automated, and integrated environments

• New devices that may be immature and have security limitations

• Consumer privacy from increased connectivity, devices, and intelligence

• Potential fraud from insufficient tamper protection

• Overall increase in the complexity of a utility’s compliance profile

Adapted from EPRI source image

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Introduction

Cybersecurity – a National Security Imperative and Global Business Issue

• Nations and critical infrastructure owners and operators are dependent on Cyber for national security, economic well-being, public safety and law enforcement, and privacy.

• Major companies must ensure the resiliency of their operations, protect their reputations and the privacy of their customers, differentiate their brand, and meet compliance obligations.

• Innovative technologies and information assurance strategies must be implemented by government and private companies through fully integrated, end-to-end cyber solutions

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Secure ICT also Represents …

• Technological advantage

• Opportunity to gain competitive advantage

• Opportunity to help shape the global cyber environment in support of US interests

• An exciting field for our emerging technology

• An additional foundation for academic excellence

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What approach should we take?


A Strategic View of ICT Security

• There is no real separation in cyberspace; we share a common environment with allies, partners, adversaries, and competitors.

• It is important to understand computer network defense, and be informed by exploitation and attack.

• Security is more about architecture and integration than about deployment of more products to build perimeter defenses.

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Public Policy Challenge

• Nations are dependent on cyber for national security, economic well-being, public safety, and law enforcement

• Risk is real but not visible and obvious

• Authority/control is spread among multiple entities in the public and private sectors

• ICT is international

• Individuals and organizations are reactive and tactical, not proactive and strategic

• We do not learn lessons from the past

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Learn Lessons from Experience

• Recognize the value of lessons learned to enhance preparedness

• Systematize after-action processes for exercises AND real-world events

• Take a pro-active, strategic approach to risk

• A robust risk management program can facilitate and prioritize planning, decision-making, and resource allocation

• A strategic approach to ICT risk management should be grounded in architectural, design, and process principles

• Stakeholders should be engaged in the assessment and mitigation of ICT risk, spending on research & development, & cyber incident response and recovery preparedness

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Regulatory Enviroment – Upcoming Challenges for Private Sector and Critical Infrastructure?

• Legislative perspective: has the private sector done enough to secure their own facilities?

• Executive perspective: concern about government and critical infrastructure relative to cyber threats.

• Power/Utility, transportation, and other critical infrastructure sectors of significant cyber concern.

• Private sector favors voluntary, private-sector developed standards, incentives, and safe harbor provisions rather than regulations

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The ―New Reality‖

• Global recognition that ―national health and security…‖ is permanently intertwined with the internet.

• National governments across the globe are intending to actively address cyber security risks to specified private-sector infrastructures of interest supporting national programs and critical infrastructure segments.

• Examples of the ―national health and security… ‖ requirement in evidence

– Transglobal Secure Collaboration Program (TSCP) – voluntary collaborative program (funded by membership contributions)

• Governments – US, UK, Netherlands

• Companies – BAE, Boeing, EADS, Lockheed Martin, Northrup Grumman, Rolls Royce, Raytheon

– U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB) – a threshold of capabilities defined by U.S. DoD to protect Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) used in Defense contracts

• Established and monitored by US DoD (as expressed in the DIB Cyber Security Benchmark and DIB CONOPS)

• One-to-one framework agreements, funded by individual companies

– U.S. Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative (CNCI)

– Activities of European Network Information Security Agency (ENISA)

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What capabilities do we need?


What is missing nationally and internationally?

• What do we need to worry about and what do we need to do about it?

• We need to

–know our risk posture,

– identify requirements for addressing that risk that are generated by a public-private collaboration, and

–Make it easy to hold stakeholders accountable.

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What is needed nationally and internationally?

A strategic approach to facilitate public/private collaboration and information sharing to set requirements, and resource, execute, and track progress on:

• ICT risk;

• ICT preparedness;

• Malicious activity and cyber crime; and

• Research and development.

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How should the challenge of ICT risk and preparedness be addressed?

• Stakeholders at the organizational, national ,and int’l levels must work together

–to identify critical functions,

–assess and mitigate risk, and

–plan, and build capacity for, response and recovery

• Use standards to drive risk reduction

• Exercise to identify gaps and improve

• Pursue innovation

• Use this process to identify requirements to drive resource allocation for risk mitigation, response preparedness, and research and development

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Risk management – for organizations and

countries


Protecting your Organization, Clients, and Costumers

• Use lessons learned from Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) and other sophisticated attackers to strengthen active defense

• Work in public-private partnerships to strategically collaborate and share information about threat and risk

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Strategic Approach to Malicious Cyber Activity

• An initiative to promote a strategic approach – by government (not just law enforcement) and the private sector – against malicious cyber activity

• Need to build national and international information sharing capabilities to collect, preserve, analyze, and share information on malicious actors AND enablers – using a federated data-sharing model.

• Need good national and international data on cyber crime.

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Government Cyber Security Involvement

• Government needs to help define domestic, EU, and allied ICT interests

• Using those interests, Government needs to create stronger interagency and inter-governmental policy process and policy (guiding principles)

• Collective interests need to be represented consistently in all international fora concerned with global cyber security and cyber governance; if not, global policy and governance may not conform to national and international interests

• Your country, EU, and its allies, need a consistent approach to the ICT risk in critical infrastructure

– Focus on security standards, rather than prescribed processes (i.e., define how secure to be, not how to be secure)

– Recognize that the threat is advanced and dynamic; a ―cookbook‖ approach will not adapt sufficiently well to such a threat

• Sensitize private sector and public to the threat; recognize that adversaries do not reserve their most advanced technologies for use only against our Government

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Private Sector Role

• Request government to facilitate information exchange and enhanced collaboration.

• What actions are advisable?

• What incentives would help bring those actions about?

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The Model-Portfolio – A Different Way to View the Problem

An integrated set of capabilities consistent to a model – new to the industry – fit-for purpose - to demands of a complex global problem

• The ―security stack‖ - defines the problem complexity and the sophistication needed in the solution

•Demonstrated ability to scale to the full dimensions of the problem

•Demonstrated ability to leverage our government knowledge applied to our commercial delivery

•Allows us to see the gaps – determine how we close them

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Making a better case …for Why CSC

Cyber security is a core competency of CSC in both commercial and public sectors

Comprehensive capability – the full range of the ―security stack‖

Cross-leverage what we know - between commercial and public sectors

Commercial Sector

Public Sector

SOCs to Fortune 500s

Defense Industrial Base

Worldwide presence

ISO 27001 preparationsNation State-Threats

Groundbreaker

Forensics training

Biometric Access

System Certification

Phys-Lgical Access

Personnel Quals

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The Exercise of National Sovereignty

Situational AwarenessExternal to the Perimeter

Determine Source — Adjust Defenses

Integrated Security Overlay

Prevent-Detect-Response

Functional Technologies

A New Idea: The Security Stack as a Model…for how we present – organize – determine gaps – integrate. Only CSC and IBM can make this case

The Security Stack

Assured Systems and Content

Layer 4 Functional Technologies•Ethical hacking – integrating

government capabilities

Layer 2 Functional Technologies•Security Incident/Event Manager

•OOB managed devices

•Perimeter defenses (f/w)

• Intrusion detection/prevention

•Data Loss Prevention

•Honeypots

Layer 1 Functional Technologies•CMDB

•White listing

•PIV-based biometric access

•Single Sign On

•Data encryption and key management

•Vulnerability assessment

Layer 3 Functional Technologies•Worldwide monitoring

•Attestation — adjusting the defenses

Cyber Security Services

•Security consulting …

understand and manage risk

•Security integration led by

solution architects

•Managed Security Services

•Forensics analysis assessments

•Certification and accreditation

•Security training - cyber experts

•Product and system evaluation –

common criteria

•Penetration testing – ethical

hacking

•Compliance

•Disaster Recovery / B-Continuity

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CSC Cyber Security Overview (1 of 3)

• More than 1,400 full-time security professionals globally

• Security and compliance services to– More than150 Commercial clients globally in more than 40 counties

– Many Fortune 500 companies including many with PCI compliance

– U.S. federal agencies and many state and local government clients

– Non-U.S. government clients (UK Royal Mail, UK National Health Services)

• Wide range of security offerings– Managed Security/SOC services

– Endpoint Protection

– Messaging Security

– Data loss prevention

– Compliance Monitoring/Enforcement

– Vulnerability, Risk and regulatory assessments

– Forensic and Investigative Response

– Identity and Access management and biometrics

– Security engineering, integration, and testing

– Disaster recovery and business continuity

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CSC Cyber Security Overview (2 of 3)

• SSE-CMM Level 4 Information Security Practices by independent third party

• Defense Security Service (DSS) Cogswell Award for 5 of past 10 years

• Achieved ISO 2700 certification for the CSC-managed EPA security program

• Many CSC data centers and service delivery centers achieved third party ISO 27001 certification

• Major provider of vulnerability assessments, risk assessments and security accreditation services to Federal agencies

• Active SAS 70 audit program

• Operates DoD Cyber Investigative Training Academy

• Biometric engineering services to DoD

• Operates certified Common Criteria Test Laboratories in the U.S., Australia and Germany under ISO15408

• Operates FIPS 140-2 NVLAP certified Cryptographic Module Test Laboratory

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CSC Security Operations Centers (SOCs) (3 of 3) Managed Security Services Delivery around the Globe in all Regions

• Commercial SOC Operations– North America (Newark, DE) – Newark 33 customers– UK (Chesterfield) -- 15 customers– Australia (Sydney) – 9 customers– India (Hyderabad) – 17 customers– Malaysia and Hong Kong – 2 customers

• U.S. Federal SOC/CERT/CSIRT Support– Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)– U.S. Air Force– U.S. Army – Dept of Homeland Security– EPA– NOAA

• Monitor and manage thousands of security devices worldwide– Network/Host IDS/IPS– Audit Log Storage/Monitoring– Security Event Management– Security Incident Response Services– Technical Compliance Monitoring– Vulnerability Scanning and Alerting– End Point Security Management– Managed Encryption Services– Data Loss Prevention– Forensic Response

Sydney,

Australia

Consistent and effective 7x24 security monitoring, detection, response and recovery

Hyderabad, India

Chesterfield, UK

Newark, DE

Marlton , NJ

Annapolis

Junction, MD

Kuala Lumpur

Hong Kong

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Representative Cyber Security Clients

• Public Sector: Internal Revenue Service, FAA, USDA, Dept. of Education, Environmental Protection Agency, Dept of Energy, Department of Homeland Security, Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Prime Minister and Cabinet, Department of the Attorney General and Transport Accident Commission; Canadian Treasury Board Secretariat, Communication Security Establishment Canada, Public Safety Canada, Canada Revenue Agency, Transport Canada, DISA, DCITA, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. STRATCOM, Office of Secretary of Defense, Biometric Fusion Center, U.K. Ministry of Defense, Danish Ministry of Defense

• Aerospace & Defense: Textron, Raytheon, Boeing, Hawker Beechcraft, UTC, General Dynamics, Spirit Aerospace

• Financial and Insurance Services: Allianz, AMP, Dunn and Bradstreet, Maybank, Toyota Financial Services, Zurich, PartnerRe, Alliancez, AMP, IMB, GE Capital, Toyota Financial Services

• Retail & Distribution: Coles, Myer, David Jones, Estee Lauder, Cargill, Astro

• Travel & Transportation: Railcorp, Bombardier

• Health Services: National E-Health Transition Authority, University of Pennsylvania Health Systems, UK National Health Service, Nobel Biocare, Ascension Health, Consolidated Medicaid/Medicare (CMS), Virginia and North Carolina, Medicare/Medicaid Information Systems, eMed of New York, Stellaris Health

• Manufacturing: BlueSteel, OneSteel, Delphi, Chrysler, Freescale, Westinghouse, Motorola, Nissan, Xerox, Bombardier, Nissan

• Chemical, Energy & Natural Resources:Powercor, BHPB, Rio Tinto, Alcoa, Woodside Petroleum, Newmont Mining, Shell, DuPont, BHP Billiton Petroleum, Watercorp, Western Power, Exelon, Basell, Invista, Anglian Water, National Grid, Urenco, BNFL

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CSC Strategic Security Partners

CSC’s formal partnership with leading security vendors

– Special discounts on industry leading security tools

– Responsive procurement

– Insight into emerging security technology

– Increase depth of managed security services

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http://www.symantec.com/index.jsp

http://www.mcafee.com/

http://www.emc.com/index.jsp

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/hmpgs/index.html

http://www.microsoft.com/learning

http://www.ibm.com/us/en/


Thank you for your attention!

Contact

Andy Purdy

Chief Cybersecurity Strategist

[email protected]

[email protected]


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