Motricitate Cursul 1 Prof.dr.ing. O. Ciobanu 2011-2012
Motricitate
Cursul 1
Prof.dr.ing. O. Ciobanu
2011-2012
Introducere
1.1 Terminologie
Motricitatea reprezint o nsuire a
fiinei umane, innscut i dobndit, de
a reaciona cu ajutorul aparatului
locomotor la stimulii interni sau externi
sub forma unei micri.
1-2
Terminologie
Motricitatea reprezint i obiect de
studiu al Kinetologiei medicale, tiin
interdisciplinar care studiaz structura
i mecanismele neuro-mio-artrokinetice,
care asigur omului activiti motrice
normale precum i nregistrarea,
analizarea i corectarea mecanismelor
deficitare.
1-3
Terminologie
Motricitatea este ntlnit n literatura de
specialitate sub diverse denumiri:
Motricit (n francez),
Motor sciences sau Motor functions (n
englez).
1-4
Analiza actiunilor motrice
Motricitatea se bazeaz n mare msur
pe analiza aciunilor motrice. Aciunile
motrice se pot analiza [Ifrim,1986] prin
urmtoarele metode:
1. analiza aciunilor mecanice;
2. analiza optimizrii micrilor;
3. analiza muscular;
4. analiza funcional;
5. analiza pedagogic.
1-5
Analiza actiunilor motrice
1.Analiza aciunilor mecanice se refer la:
Descrierea micrilor i a poziiilor
utiliznd metode i tehnici descriptive;
Descrierea fizico-mecanic a micrilor;
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-6
Analiza actiunilor motrice
2.Analiza optimizrii micrilor se refer la:
Precizarea greelilor frecvente n efectuarea
unor micri;
Stabilirea adaptrilor necesare pentru
optimizarea unor micri;
3.Analiza muscular se refer la:
Precizarea factorilor (grupele musculare i
oasele) locomotori statici sau dinamici;
Implicarea musculaturii n micare, fixare,
echilibrare i frenare; 1-7
Analiza actiunilor motrice
4.Analiza funcional se refer la:
Studiul modificrilor funciiilor organismului
uman la anumite micri;
Stabilirea calitilor motrice mai solicitate la
micrile studiate;
Stabilirea gradului de participare al
diferitelor aparate i sisteme de antrenare n
vederea obinerii randamentului muscular
maxim
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-8
Analiza actiunilor motrice
5.Analiza pedagogic se refer la:
Determinarea caracterului dominant al
unui tip de micare;
Stabilirea efectelor produse de un
anumit tip de micare;
Stabilirea gradului n care un tip de
micare corespunde vrstei i tipului
constituional.
1-9
Analiza actiunilor mecanice
Descrierea miscarilor si pozitiilor corpului
Terminologie directionala
1-10
Pozitii de referinta
Pozitia anatomica
-Vezi figura alaturata
Pozitia anatomica
de baza
Aceeasi cu exceptia
palmelor,care sunt
orientate spre corp
1-12
Terminologie directionala
Inferior (infra) Partea de jos; caudal
Superior (supra) Partea de sus; cefalic
Distal Parte situata departe de mijlocul corpului,
sau de punctul de origine
Proximal Langa trunchi sau langa punctul de
origine
Lateral Lateral sau departe de planul median
Medial Langa partea de mijloc ; langa planul
median
Median Ca si medial
Terminologie directionala exemple
Terminologie directionala
1-14
1. Cranial toward the head
2. Caudal - toward the feet
3. Medial - toward the middle
4. Lateral - toward/from the side
5. Proximal - toward the attachment of a limb
6. Distal - toward the finger/toes
7. Superior - above
8. Inferior - below
12. Palmar - toward/on the palm of the hand
13. Plantar - toward/on the sole of the
Descrierea pozitiilor cu ajutorul
planelor de referinta si a axelor
Descrierea pozitiilor cu ajutorul
planelor de referinta si a axelor
Sistem de referinta format din 3 plane perpendiculare
Terminologie
Terminologie directionala
Anterior
in fata
Anteroinferior
in fata si jos
Anterosuperior
in fata si sus
Posterior
In spate
Posteroinferior
In spate si jos
Posterolateral
In spate si spre exterior
Terminologie directionala
Caudal
Dedesubt ; inferior
Cefalic
deasupra
Terminologie directionala
Contralateral
Partea opusa
Ipsilateral
Pe aceeasi parte
Bilateral
Ambele parti laterale
Terminologie directionala
Profund
Sub suprafata; descrie pozitia relativa in
profunzime
Superficial
Langa suprafata;
1-22
Terminologie directionala
Dorsal
spate
Ventral
abdomen, burta
Terminologie directionala
Decubit ventral / Culcat
Intins cu fata in jos
Decubit dorsal / Supin
Intins pe spate
Terminologie directionala
Volar
Relativ la palma sau talpa
Plantar
Relativ la talpa
Brate paralele cu planele V,H,L
Brate paralele cu un plan
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-26
Brate paralele cu un plan
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-27
Brate paralele cu un plan
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-28
Brate perpendiculare
pe planele V,H,L
Brate perpendiculare
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-30
Brate perpendiculare
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-31
Brate perpendiculare
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-32
Terminologie directionala
Sectiune plana prin corp
Cazuri:
Vedere de sus
Vedere de jos
Vedere de sus
Vedere de jos
Terminologie directionala
1-34
Anterior toward/from the front
Posterior - toward/from the back
Periferic /Peripheral -toward the surface
Terminologie directionala
Inferolateral Jos si lateral
(ext)
Inferomedial Jos si lateral
(int)
Superolateral Deasupra si
spre ext
Superomedial Deasupra si
spre int
Terminologie directionala Anterolateral
in fata si lateral (ext)
Anteromedial in fata si spre mijloc
Posteromedial In spate si spre interior
Posterosuperior In spate si in sus
Piciorul in planele de referinta
1-37
Varus si valgus in planul Frontal
m. stang
1-39
Coxa vara si coxa valga
Varus si valgus
1-40
Axa mecanica sau deviatia axei
mexanice in planul Frontal genunchi (stang) intins si in rotatie neutra
1-41
Terminologia miscarilor
Osteocinematica si Artrocinematica
Osteocinematica: descrie miscarile ample ale oaselor in articulatii: - flexie/extensie,
- pronatie/supinatie etc
Artrocinematica: descrie miscarile din articulatii: rostogolire,
alunecare,
pivotare (rasucire) 1-42
Osteocinematica: Miscari
1-43
Lateral Rotation (1)
Medial Rotation(2)
Supination (3)
Pronation (4)
Eversion (5)
Inversion (6)
Adduction (7)
Abduction (8)
Osteocinematica: Miscari
1-44
Pronatia si supinatia
in planele V si L
1-45
Miscarile pelvisului in plan lateral
1-46
Rotatia piciorului in articulatia gleznei
in planul Frontal
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-48
Articulatia gleznei. Pronatia si supinatia piciorului
Pozitia piciorului in
timpul mersului
1-49
Terminologia miscarilor
Studiul miscarilor corpurilor se face cu ajutorul Cinematicii o
ramura a mecanicii care descrie miscarea corpurilor fara a tine
cont de forte sau cupluri de forte
Exista doua tipuri generale de miscari care au loc in articulatii:
Miscari de translatie: toate punctele unui corp se misca paralel si
in aceeasi directie; deplasarea poate fi liniara sau dupa o curba
.
Miscari de rotatie: toate punctele unui corp se misca dupa
traiectorii circulare in jurul unui singur centru de rotatie
Terminologia miscarilor Miscarea corpului uman este descrisa adesea ca o miscare de
translatie a centrului de greutate al corpului (CG)
CG este pozitionat in general in fata osului sacru; depinde si de
pozitia corpului
Miscarea de rotatie se executa in jurul unei axe de rotatie (AR);
AR este de multe ori imaginara (neanatomica)
Terminologia miscarilor
Miscari active: cauzate de contractia
muschilor
Miscari pasive: cauzate de alte actiuni
(gravitate, impulsuri de la alte corpuri
etc)
Terminologia miscarilor
Grade de libertate = numarul de miscari
independente ale unei articulatii (circa 3 grade de
libertate fata de cele 3 plane F, H, L)
2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-53
Terminologia miscarilor
lantul cinematic Lant cinematicmicrile se execut prin participarea unui
ir de articulaii care mpreun formeaz un lan articular.
Lant cinematic deschis segmentul distal al lantului nu este
in contact cu pamantul sau cu un obiect stabil
Lant cinematic inchis segmentul distal al lantului este in
contact cu pamantul sau cu un obiect stabil
Osteocinematica; exemple
Miscarea articulatiei poate fi abordata
din perspectiva segmentului proximal sau a segmentului distal.
Segmentul proximal se poate roti in jurul segmentului distal
sau invers:
Segmentul distal se poate roti in jurul segmentului proximal
Miscarea segmentului
femural
Miscarea segmentului
pelvian
Artrocinematica
Exista trei tipuri fundamentale de
miscari in artrocinetica:
Rostogolire (Roll) multiple points
along one rotating articular surface
contact multiple points on another
articular surface
Alunecare (Slide) a single point on
one articular surface contacts multiple
points on another articular surface
Pivotare (Spin) a single point on one
articular surface rotates on a single
point on another articular surface
Motor Sciences Expert or Engineer The motor sciences expert works as a professional in the
motor and sports activities, in public and private structures,
in sports organisations and recreational/social associations.
His/her tasks include the carrying out, management and
evaluation of motor individual or group activities with a
compensative, adaptive, educational, recreational and
sports character, which aim to maintain a psycho-physical
fitness through the promotion of active lifestyles. He/she is
responsible for the running, management and evaluation of
individual and group fitness activities.
The motor sciences expert may work in activities which
currently are mainly carried out in gyms, old peoples homes
and other social-healthcare facilities. Scienze motorie http://web1.regione.veneto.it
1-57
http://web1.regione.veneto.it/cicerone/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9625:scienze-motorie-interfacolta&catid=273&Itemid=223&lang=enhttp://web1.regione.veneto.it/cicerone/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9625:scienze-motorie-interfacolta&catid=273&Itemid=223&lang=enhttp://web1.regione.veneto.it/cicerone/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9625:scienze-motorie-interfacolta&catid=273&Itemid=223&lang=en
Planele miscarilor in sport
Bibliografie
Anatomy & Physiology Tutorials:
www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/index.htm
BBC Science & Nature
www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeleton_anat
omy.shtml
Describes each bone and allows viewing of each from
different angles
BBC Science & Nature
www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_
02/index.shtml?skeleton
Allows interactive placement of bone and joint structures.
http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/index.htmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeleton_anatomy.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeleton_anatomy.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeleton_anatomy.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeletonhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeletonhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeleton
Bibliografie
BBC Science & Nature
www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_socket_joint.shtml
Describes each type of joint and allows viewing of how the joint moves within the body.
University of Michigan Learning Resource Center, Hypermuscle: Muscles in action
www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/Hyper.html#flex
Describes each motion and allows viewing of the motion performed.
Articulations
http://basic-anatomy.net/
A thorough discussion of the articulations
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_socket_joint.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_socket_joint.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_socket_joint.shtmlhttp://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/Hyper.htmlhttp://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/Hyper.htmlhttp://basic-anatomy.net/http://basic-anatomy.net/http://basic-anatomy.net/http://basic-anatomy.net/
Web Sites Foss Human Body
http://sv.berkeley.edu/showcase/pages/bones.html
An interactive site which allows assembly of the skeleton
Functions of the Skeletal System
http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_1_bone_functions.html
Several pages with information on bone tissue, bone development and growth, and the joints
Wireframe Skeleton www.2flashgames.com/f/f-220.htm
Move around the skeleton's limbs arms legs body and make it do funny things
Skeletal system
www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm
Pictures of dissected bones and their anatomical landmarks
http://sv.berkeley.edu/showcase/pages/bones.htmlhttp://sv.berkeley.edu/showcase/pages/bones.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_1_bone_functions.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_1_bone_functions.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_1_bone_functions.htmlhttp://www.2flashgames.com/f/f-220.htmhttp://www.2flashgames.com/f/f-220.htmhttp://www.2flashgames.com/f/f-220.htmhttp://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htmhttp://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm
Web Sites Articulations
www.douglas.bc.ca/biology/project/articulations/
Details all of the joint types with pictures and review questions
eSkeletons Project
www.eskeletons.org/
An interactive site with a bone viewer showing the morphology, origins, insertions, and articulations of each bone
ExRx Articulations
www.exrx.net/Lists/Articulations.html
Detailed common exercises demonstrating movements of each joint and listing the muscles involved
Skeleton Shakedown
www.harcourtschool.com/activity/skel/skel.html
Help put a disarticulated skeleton back together
http://www.douglas.bc.ca/biology/project/articulations/http://www.douglas.bc.ca/biology/project/articulations/http://www.eskeletons.org/http://www.eskeletons.org/http://www.exrx.net/Lists/Articulations.htmlhttp://www.exrx.net/Lists/Articulations.htmlhttp://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/skel/skel.htmlhttp://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/skel/skel.html
Web Sites Human Anatomy Online
www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html
Interactive skeleton labeling
KLB Science Department Interactivities
www.klbschool.org.uk/interactive/science/skeleton.htm
Skeleton labeling exercises
Introductory Anatomy: Joints
www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy4.html
Notes on joint articulations
The Interactive Skeleton
www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htm
Point and click to detailed skeletal illustrations
Radiographic Anatomy of the Skeleton
www.rad.washington.edu/radanat/
X-rays with and without labels of bony landmarks
http://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.htmlhttp://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.htmlhttp://www.klbschool.org.uk/interactive/science/skeleton.htmhttp://www.klbschool.org.uk/interactive/science/skeleton.htmhttp://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy4.htmlhttp://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy4.htmlhttp://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htmhttp://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htmhttp://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htmhttp://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htmhttp://www.rad.washington.edu/radanat/http://www.rad.washington.edu/radanat/
Web Sites Radiographic Anatomy of the Skeleton
www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htm
X-rays with and without labels of bony landmarks
Virtual skeleton
www.uwyo.edu/RealLearning/4210qtvr.html
A 3-dimensional human osteology with Quicktime movies of each bone
Skeleton: The Joints
www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/bonejt/outline.htm
Point and click to detailed joint illustrations
Forensic Anthropology
http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdf
A detailed discussion of skeletal anthropology with excellent pictures of dissected bones
http://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htmhttp://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htmhttp://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htmhttp://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htmhttp://www.uwyo.edu/RealLearning/4210qtvr.htmlhttp://www.uwyo.edu/RealLearning/4210qtvr.htmlhttp://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/bonejt/outline.htmhttp://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/bonejt/outline.htmhttp://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdfhttp://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdfhttp://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdfhttp://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdf