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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS

REI 2011-2012, COURSE #01


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10 points

COURSE 5 points

Single choice test 25 questions 5 points

Other random tests

1-2 extrapoints

Seminar 5 points

TOTAL 12

Final Test Scheduled on 11.01.2012


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Timeline

C1Data, Information,

C2 History of Computers

C3 Operating Systems

C4 Data Structures C5 Databases

C6 Relational Databases

C7 Computer Networks

C8 Internet

C9 Security

C10eCommerce, CRM,


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Computers are used in informatics in the

same way the telescope is used inastronomy

DijkstraInformatics = information + mathematics

computer clerk who performed calculations

automating human factor work (repetitive actionsthat require attention and not intelligence,common mistakes and errors)


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Alan Turing (1912-1954) is considered to bethe father of modern computer science.

Turing Test - you can tell about a computer that"thinks" when it can fool an interlocutor makinghim believe that talking to a human.


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The current sense, IT includes all activities relatedto

- design- implementation- utilization

of automated data processing systems in order to

increase efficiency of human activities.


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Informatics is emerging as

practical activity

theoretical field.

and has two major objectives:

to design advanced computersystems that ensure wide access to information,

to ensure efficient use of all computing resources.


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Information technology (IT) is the technology needed to

processinformation using electronic computers to

convert, process and transmit information..

Information technology and communication (IT&C)

Information Technology + network communications


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INFORMATICA N ECONOMIE

Any human activity is generating information.

(-) If an activity is more complex and dynamic,the volume of information grows and diversifies, so

it tends to slow down or even block the decision-making.

(+) The information ensures knowledge transfer

from one generation to another, ensures access tothe most advanced achievements of mankind.


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informare (Latin) = to give shape, form.

The significance is related to thetransformation of something without form into

another something having some form.Perhaps the most widely accepted definition isrelated to its character of novelty, by the additionof knowledge resulting from the reception ofsignals.

We receive information when we find somethingthat we did not know before.


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INFORMATICA N ECONOMIE

FUCHS

Surprise effect of the message, newness of

information will be as greater the less likely.

Information is as greater asmore unlikely. In this sense, information

is "improbability".


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Transmission of information


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PRATT

Information is an event that occurs at some point intime and space.

The analogy with explosions:

Just like information, each explosion is differentfrom the others, while designating the same

phenomenon.Similar to information, explosions can not bestored. We can store only substances thattrigger the explosion; similarly, we can store only

the "premises" of information - the data


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"content" of the human mind


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Although often seen as synonymous, data andinformation have different meanings.

Data can be characterized as rawmaterial information.

Data - sets of symbols - digits, numbers, letters,

words, symbols.

The data can be met in any form.

Data have no meaning by itself.


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Data is the form of material representationof information. Data represent formal support of theinformation that is converted into numbers, letters,

symbols, codes.

The data is actually the subject of informationprocessing.


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Data have not meaning and therefore should beamended and brought into a usableform and placed in a certain context to be of value.

Data obtained from the processing ofinformation can act as information for aspecific category of users or may remain simpledata if they lose the quality of new semantics.

Data is a potential information.


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Information = Data + meaning

Information is data processing product, the user

from a data set, meaning that can be drawn froma dataset based on associations between them.

Not any data processing generates information.

A data processing can generate information only ifthere is areceiver to consider the results understandable

and useful.


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Regularly, information are viewed from three angles:

Syntactically it is about the formal appearance, that data that isprocessed must strictly obey certain rules of validity

Semantic point of view, aiming to meaning, the meaning ofinformation (the actual contents of information) arisingfrom dataprocessing

In terms of pragmatic, aiming at utility, ie the extent towhich users are satisfied


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The process of collecting,understanding and ownership of information ina particular field is an information process.

Information acquired in a given area froman information process form thedomain knowledge and then theknowledge patrimony.

Knowledge is a sum ofall information acquired over time in a particularfield.


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Knowledge is something higher quality then dataand information.

Understanding is aimedat discovery of universal truths.

Information search is looking thedifference as in depth as possible (thedifference that makes a difference, therelationship between data).Creating knowledge is a processof setting (repeat, repeat differentiation, the

discovery of patterns).


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When knowledge generate beliefs, values that

guide behavior of an individual we can speak ofwisdom.

Information: what? Knowledge: Who, when, where, how? Wisdom: Why? with what implications?


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Economic system and IT system

The concept of system meansa dependent setof elements forming an organized

whole.

Economic system defines

economic components andassemblies


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The transformation process (feedback loop) is adynamic process that makesthe system evolve for a certain path describedby the state of the system.


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Components of an economic system:

decision making system

operational systeminformational system


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Sistem economic i sistem informatic


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Decision making system consists of allthe specialists who predict and plan,decide, organize, coordinate, monitor

and control the operation of operationalsystem in order to achieve the objectives set.


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Operational system is a setof human resources, material and financialresources to ensure effective

achievement of objectives set by thedecisions passed by the decision-makingsystem.


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Informational system includesall information, information flows and circuits and all the resources, methodsand techniques, which provide thenecessary data to decision making system.


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Information system provides the link between operatingsystem and decision system in the double sense:

by decision processing and transmission from decision tooperational system,

respectively

by recording, processing and transmission ofinformation from operational to decisional system

Information system provides the management of all theinformation inside the economic system.


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IT system is a component of an informationsystem that retrieves and solves tasks ofcollecting, processing, transmission,

storage and presentationof data using computer systems.

IT system includes all resources, methods

and techniques, which provide automateddata processing.


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