CURRICULUM VITAE II. B.Sc M.Sc Ph.D B.Sc Magric.bowenuniversity.edu.ng/Department of Animal Science and Fish… · CURRICULUM VITAE I (a) Name: LAWAL, Tunde Ezekiel (b) Department:

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CURRICULUM VITAE

I (a) Name: LAWAL, Tunde Ezekiel

(b) Department: Animal Science and Fisheries Management

(c) Faculty: Agriculture

II. Nationality: Nigerian

III. University Education

University of Ibadan, 1998, B.Sc Animal Science

University of Ibadan, 2000, M.Sc Animal Science

University of Ibadan, 2007, Ph.D Nutritional Biotechnology

IV. Academic Qualifications with dates and granting bodies

University of Ibadan, 1998, B.Sc Animal Science

University of Ibadan, 2000, M.Sc Animal Science

University of Ibadan, 2007, Ph.D Nutritional Biotechnology

V. Scholarships, Fellowships and Prizes

Bowen University senate grant: Principal Researcher in

development of alternative feedstuffs from non-conventional and

locally available agro-industrial by-products via fungi in order to

expand the range of feed ingredients available for animal

consumption. The grant’s reference No: BUI/CPDD/R.GNT01/09.

INSA JRD TATA Postdoctoral Fellowship to Jawaharlal Nehru

Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad in India, June 1 to

September 30, 2011.

Postdoctoral Fellowship offered by North-West University

(Mafikeng Campus), North-West Province, South Africa, January 2013

to January 2014.

Bowen University senate grant: Principal Researcher

Title: Fungal Biodegradation of Agro-industrial By-products for

Feeding Egg Type Chicken. The grant’s reference No:

BUI/REG/CRLCF/78/15.

VI. DETAILS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL

Courses Taught Within Bowen University System

AGR 111: Basic Agriculture for Non-agric. Students

ANF 221: Introductory Agricultural Biochemistry

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ANF 211: Principles of Animal Production

ANF 315: Agricultural Biochemistry

ANF 420: Animal Health and Hygiene

ANF 521: Animal Feed Formulation and Feed Technology

ANF 599: Research Methodology

POSTGRADUATE CLASS

ANF 809: Advanced Nutrients Metabolism

ANF 802: Computer Applications in Animal Science

ANF 816: Feed Formulation and Production

VII. MEMBERSHIP OF LEARNED SOCIETIES

1. Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN)

2. Nigerian Institute of Animal Science (NIAS)

3. Nigerian Society of Animal Production (NSAP)

(iii) Dissertation and Thesis

o Fungal Biodegradation of Selected Agro-industrial By- products

and their utilization for Broiler Feeding (Ph.D, 2007)

o Performance and Economics of production of Broilers Fed

Palm Kernel Cake and Brewer Dried Yeast (M.Sc., 2000)

o Energy Utilization by Broilers Fed Full Fat Soya Bean Meal (B.Sc.,

1998).

IX. PUBLICATIONS

(a) Theses/Dissertation

o Fungal Biodegradation of Selected Agro-industrial By-

products and their utilization for Broiler Feeding (Ph.D, 2007)

o Performance and Economics of production of Broilers Fed

Palm Kernel Cake and Brewer Dried Yeast (M.Sc., 2000)

o Energy Utilization by Broilers Fed Full Fat Soya Bean Meal (B.Sc.,

1998).

(b). Chapter in Book already published

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(1).Lawal T.E. and Babalola O.O. (2014) Agriculture and Environmental

Pollution: Causes, Consequences and Control. In: Agriculture Ecology and

Environment. Bharti P.K and Babalola O.O. (Eds) 1st Edition. Discovery

Publishing house PVT. LTD. New Delhi. Pg 1-26. ISBN: 978-93-5056-480-6.

EB/2013/257/AEE ENVBOOKS series, Delhi, India.

©. Articles that have appeared in learned journals

(2). Akande John A. and T.E Lawal (2004): Rural people and the

sustainability of agricultural systems. Bowen Journal of Agriculture 1 :( 1):

11-20.

(3). T.E Lawal, F.A Aderemi, M.A Mosobalaje and O.O.Tewe (2005):

Supplementation of palm kernel cake based diets with Brewer Dried Yeast:

Growth responses, Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of fed Broiler.

Tropical Journal of Animal Production .8 (1): 55-62.

(4). Lawal T.E, Iyayi E.A and S.G Ademola (2005): Haematology and Serum

Biochemistry of Broiler Finisher Birds Fed Biodegraded Groundnut Pods.

Bowen Journal of Agriculture Vol.2, No 2, Pg 127-133.

(5). Aderemi F.A, T.E Lawal and E.A Iyayi (2006): Nutritional values of

Biodegraded Cassava Root Sieviates (CRS) and its Utilization by Layers.

Journal of Food Technology 4 (3): 216-220

(6). F.A Aderemi, T.E Lawal, O.M Alabi, O.A Ladokun and G.O Ladokun

(2006): Effects of enzymes supplemented Cassava root sieviates on egg

quality gut morphology and performance of egg type chicken.

International Journal of Poultry science 5(6) 526-529.

(7). Alabi O.M, Adejumo D.O, Aderemi F.A, Lawal T.E and Ladokun A.O

(2006): Egg qualities and performance characteristics of laying chicken in

different intensive housing system. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and

the social Sciences; 1(4) 160-165.

(8). Ademola S.G, Farinu G.O Adelowo O.O, Lawal T.E and G.M Babatunde

(2007): Antimicrobial activity of garlic and ginger mixtures, serum lipid

profile and growth performance of broilers fed the mixture. Bowen

Journal of Agriculture Vol.4 No 1, Pg 103-113.

(9). Ademola S.G, Farinu G.O, Lawal T.E and G.M Babatunde (2007):

Hypolipidaemic activities of garlic and ginger mixtures and organs

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measurement of broiler chickens. Bowen Journal of Agriculture Vol.4 No

1, Pg 55-62.

(10). Lawal T.E, Iyayi E.A, Adeniyi, B.A., Adaramoye, D.A, Aderemi F.A and

Alabi O.M (2007): Growth response and relative organ morphology of

broiler finishers fed biodegraded cassava root sieviate. Tropical Journal of

Animal Science Vol. 10, Nos 1-2, Pg 77-82.

(11). Mosobalaje, M.A, Tewe O.O, Adebayo B.F, Adedoyin A.A and Lawal

T.E (2007): Performance and economics of production of layers fed whole

cassava mash and pellets as replacement for maize. Tropical Journal of

Animal Science Vol. 10, Nos 1-2, Pg 99-104.

(12). Oguntunji, A. O, Aderemi F.A, Lawal T.E and Alabi O.M (2008): The

Influence of seasonal Variation on Performance of a Commercial Laying

Strain in a Derived Savanna environment in Nigeria. Nigerian Poultry

Science Journal .Vol. 5(2):75-82.

(13). Lawal T.E, E.A Iyayi, B.A Adeniyi, O. Adaramoye and F.A Aderemi

(2008): biodegradation of cell wall components of groundnut pod with

extracted enzymes from isolated fungi and resulting impact on in-vitro

digestibility. Tropical Journal of Animal Science Vol. 9, Pg 6-10.

(14). Lawal T.E, E.A Iyayi, B.A Adeniyi and O.A Adaramoye (2010):

Extraction of Enzymes from Four Fungi and Their Use to Improve the

Nutritive Value of Groundnut Pod for Broiler Feeding. International

Journal of Poultry Science 9(4): 340-346.

(15). Lawal T.E, E.A Iyayi, B.A Adeniyi and O.A Adaramoye (2010):

Biodegradation of Palm Kernel Cake with Multienzyme Complexes from

Fungi and its Feeding value for Broilers. International Journal of

Poultry Science 9(7): 695-701.

(16). Ademola S.G, Lawal T.E, Egbewande O.O and Ladrin O.J (2011): Effect

of Garlic and Cholestyramine on Growth, Haematological Parameters and

Serum Cholesterol of Broiler Chickens. Moor Journal of Agricultural

Research 12(2): 81-88.

** (17). Ademola S.G, Egbewande O.O, Lawal T.E, Isah A.T and S.M.

Kuranga (2012): Effects of Roxazyme G® and Maxigrain® on Performance,

Egg Quality, Cost-Benefit and Haematological Parameters of Laying Hens

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Fed Wheat Offal, Corn Bran and Brewery Dry Grain Diets. International

Journal of Poultry Science 11 (1): 33-38.

** (18). Ademola S.G, Lawal T.E, Egbewande O.O and Farinu G.O. (2012):

Influence of Dietary Mixtures of Garlic and Ginger on Lipid Composition in

Serum, Yolk, and Performance of Pullet Growers and Laying Hens.

International Journal of Poultry Science 11 (3): 196-201.

** Published after the last promotion

** (19). Ademola S.G, Lawal T.E, Egbewande O.O, Basher A.O, and Ajayi

A.O, Oyegbade A.A (2012): Performance, Egg Quality, Haematological

Indices and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Laying Hens fed Palm Kernel Meal and

Varying Levels of Rice Bran Diets Supplemented with Maxigrain®. World J

Life Sci. and Medical Research 2012; 2(3):128-133.

**(20).Alabi O.M, Aderemi F.A, Ladokun A.O, Lawal T.E, Alabi O.B and

Afolabi K.D (2012): Blood profile of broiler finishers fed diet with graded

levels of indomie noodle waste meal in humid tropics. Elixir Agriculture

52 (2012) 11269-11272.

**(21).Lawal T.E, Ademola S.G, Owoseni A, Atobatele O.E, Adebiyi O.A and

D .O Akomolafe (2012): Changes in the Nutritional Quality of Corn Offal

Fermented with Penicillium notatum and Penicillium citrinum. Elixir Appl.

Biology 49: 10119-10123.

** (22). Lawal T. E, Alabi O.M, Ademola S.G, Atobatele O.E, Owoseni A.A

and Oderinde A.A (2012). Performance, Nutrient Utilization,

Haematological and Serum Indices of Layers Fed Aspergillus Niger Degraded

Citrus Pulp. Elixir Appl. Biology 4:10113-10118.

** (23). Lawal T.E, Faniyi G.F, Alabi O.M, AdemolaS.G and Lawal T.O (2012):

Enhancement of the feeding value of wheat offal for broiler feeding after

its solid state fermentation with Aspergillus niger. African Journal of

Biotechnology Vol. 11(65):12925-12929.

**(24). Lawal T.E, Alabi O.M, Ademola S.G, Alagbe I.A and Adebiyi O.A.

(2012). Fungal biodegradation of plantain (Musa paradisiacal) peel through

solid state fermentation for broiler finisher feeding: In vitro digestibility,

performance, haematological and serum parameters. Elixir Bio. Tech. 49:

10079-10083.

**(25). Ademola S.G, Shittu M.D, Ayansola M.O, Lawal T.E and Tona G.O

(2013).

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Effect of Maxigrain Supplement on Growth Performance, Economic Indices

and Haematological Parameters of Heat-stress Broilers Fed Three Dietary

Fibre Sources. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. 3(4): 159-

164.ISSN 2228-7701.

**(26). Ademola S.G, Lawal T.E, Odu O., Shittu M.D, Oladiran H.O and

Adeshina M.T. (2013). Effects of Native and Microbial Phytase on Laying

Performance, Shell Ash and Phosphorus content of Hens Fed Mash and

Pelleted Diets. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. 3(6): 230-

234. ISSN 2228-7701.

**(27). Lawal T.E, Ademola S.G, Owoseni A., Atobatele O.E and Oriye L.O

(2013): Use of Aspergillus niger for improving the feeding value of rice offal.

African Journal of Biotechnology. 12(20): 3083-3087.

**(28). Lawal T.E and Babalola O.O (2014): Relevance of Biofertilizers to

Agriculture. Journal of Human Ecology. 47(1): 35-43.

** Published after the last promotion

**(29). T.E Lawal and O. O Babalola (2014): Assessing the associated

challenges in the use of animal manure in plant growth. Journal of Human

Ecology. 48(2): 285-297.

**(30). Lawal T.E and Iyayi E.A (2014). Biodegradation of cassava root

sieviate with enzymes extracted from isolated fungi. African Journal of

Microbiology Research. 8(36): 3362-3367.

**(31). T E Lawal, A. Owoseni, O. E. Atobatele, S. G. Ademola, D. O.

Akomolafe (2016). Evaluation of the nutritive value of citrus pulp degraded

with Penicillium notatum and Penicillium citrinum. American Journal of

Research Communication. 4(9): 130-140.

**(32). T. E. Lawal , S. G. Ademola , A. A. Owoseni , O. E. Atobatele and O.

R. Oduntan (2017). Performance, Egg Quality and Nutrient Utilization by

Laying Birds Fed Penicillium chrysogenum Degraded Brewer Dried Grain.

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 11(1): 1-7.

**(33). Lawal T.E, Chandrasekhar G. and Lakshmi M (2017). Endoglucanase

(EC 3.2.1.4) Production by Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei and Rhizopus

stolonifer using agro industrial by-products. American Journal of Research

Communication. 5(3): 34-43.

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**(34). Lawal T.E, S. G. Ademola, A. A. Owoseni, O. E. Atobatele and P.O

Asuelimen (2017). Aspergillus flavus Degraded Brewer Dried Grains for

Broiler Chicken Diet: Performance and Nutrient Digestibility Parameters.

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 11(1): 1-8.

**(35). Ademola S.G, Togun M.E, Fadipe E, Shittu M.D and Lawal T.E (2017).

Growth Performance, Plasma Protein Indices, Serum Enzymes and Liver

Histological Changes in Broiler Chickens Fed Differently Processed Parkia

biglobosa Seed Meal Diet. International Journal of Nutrition and

Agriculture Research. 4(1):74-85.

ARTICLE THAT HAS BEEN ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION IN JOURNAL

AND GALLEY PROOF RECEIVED

** (36). Lawal T.E and Adeyemi F.T: Performance of Meat Type Chicken Fed

Aspergillus Niger Degraded Brewer Dried Grain at Finisher Phase. Global

Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science (ISSN: 2315-5094) Vol.

3(9) pp. xxx-xxx.

(d). PATENTS: Nil

** Published after the last

promotion

(e.) Articles that have appeared in Refereed Conference Proceedings:

(37). Lawal T.E and Akande J.A (2003): The Nigerian Rural sector and

Environmental Challenges. Paper Presented at 11th Conference of EBAN in

Akure, Ondo state; Pg 118-121.

(38). T. E. Lawal, E.A. Iyayi and F.A Aderemi (2005): Biodegradation of

groundnut Pod with extracted enzyme from some isolated tropical fungi:

Growth Responses and Carcass Quality of Broiler Finisher Birds. Paper

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presented at 10th Conference Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN)

Ekiti State Nigeria September 12th-15th 2005; Pg 109-112.

(39). F.A. Aderemi, T.E. Lawal and O.O. Tewe and O.A Ladokun (2005):

Nutrient and Mineral Retention of Pullet Chicks Fed Enzyme Supplemented

Cassava Root Sieviates in cassava based ration. Paper presented at 10th

Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN) Ekiti State

Nigeria Sept 12th – 15th 2005. pg 113 -116.

(40). Aderemi F.A, Lawal T.E, O.M Alabi, O.A and G.O Adeyemo (2006):

Performance characteristics and gut morphology study of layers fed

cassava root sieviates supplemented with exogenous enzymes as a

replacement to wheat bran. Paper presented at the school of agriculture

and agricultural technology held at Federal University of Tech., Akure, The

2nd annual conference 24th may, 2006, Pg 127.

(41). Aderemi F.A, Alabi O.M and Lawal T.E (2006): Utilization of whole

cassava meal by egg type chicken. Paper presented at the 11th Annual

conference of Animal Science of Nigeria (ASAN). I.A. R &T. Ibadan, Nigeria.

Sept. 18-21, 2006.

(42). Alabi O.M, Aderemi F.A, Lawal T.E, Adejumo D.O and Ladokun A.O

(2006): Effect of testosterone enanthate on the performance and serum

Biochemistry of cockerel. Proc. 11th Annual Animal Science of Nig. (ASAN)

Conf. at I.A. R & T. 18th-21st Sept. 2006 Pg. 20-23.

(43). Alabi O.M, D.O Adejumo, F.A Aderemi, T.E Lawal , A.O Oguntunji , M.O

Ayoola, A.Essien and O.B Alabi (2008): Physiological Response of Broiler

Chickens to Oral Supplementation with Telfaria occidentalis Leaf Extract at

Finisher Phase.

Paper presented at 13th Conference Animal Science Association of Nigeria

(ASAN) Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria September 15 -19th 2008; Pg

114-117.

(44). Oguntunji A.O, T.E Lawal, O.M Alabi and F.A Aderemi (2008): Effect of

season on Performance of Egg-type Poultry. Paper presented at 13th

Conference Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN) Ahmadu Bello

University, Zaria Nigeria September 15 -19th 2008; Pg 97-99.

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(45). Lawal T.E and I.A Alagbe (2009): Enhancement of feeding value of

plantain peel through solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger for meat

type chicken. Paper presented at 14th Conference Animal Science

Association of Nigeria (ASAN) Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso Nigeria September 14 -17th 2009; Pg 170-172.

(46). Aderemi F.A, O.M Alabi, A.O Oguntunji, T.E Lawal and O.O Olaleye

(2009): Assessment of ethno-veterinary medicine in poultry health

management in Iwo Local Government of Osun State. Paper presented at

14th Conference Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN) Ladoke

Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso Nigeria September 14 -17th

2009; Pg 258-260.

(47). Alabi O.M, F.A Aderemi, M.O Ayoola, T.E Lawal, A.A Adewumi, A.O

Oguntunji and O.B Alabi (2009): Performance characteristics and gut

morphology of broiler chickens with oral supplementation with Telfaria

Occidentalis leaf extract at finisher phase. Paper presented at 14th

Conference Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN) Ladoke Akintola

University of Technology, Ogbomoso Nigeria September 14 -17th 2009; Pg

354-356.

(48). M.O Ayoola, O.M Alabi, O.A Sokunbi, A.A Adewumi , A. Essien, F.A

Aderemi and T.E Lawal (2010): Physiological Responses of Broiler Starter

Chickens to Oral Supplementation with Telfaria Occidentalis Leaf Extract.

Paper presented at Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production

held at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, March 14-17, 2010. Pg 126-128.

X. Major Conferences Attended with Reports and Papers Read

Conference on Bio-processing and Application of Microbial

Biotechnology in Agriculture held at National Research Centre, Cairo

Egypt, November 1-3, 2010. The paper presented was: The Nutritive

Value of Corn Offal after Fungal Degradation for Broiler Feeding.

4th

World Congress on Biotechnology September 23-25, 2013 at

Double Tree Hilton Hotel Raleigh-Durham Airport at RTP, NC, USA.

The paper presented was: Poultry manure as carrier for Bacillus

subtilis: Effect on maize (Zea mays) growth and yield.

South Africa Society for Microbiologists conference held at Limpopo,

South Africa.24-27 November, 2013.

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Joint Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN) and

Nigeria Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) held in University of Ibadan

from September7 and 11, 2014. The paper presented was:

Production of α-Amylase in Submerged Fermentation by Aspergillus

oryzae JNUTBU22 using sugarcane bagasse as the substrate.

XI. Extra Curricular Activities: Travelling and cooking.

(a.) Work Experience at Bowen University, Iwo

Administrative and Managerial Work Experience

Hall warden (male) Bowen University 2003 to 2011

Staff Adviser, Bowen Agricultural Student 2003 to 2007

Staff Adviser, National Association of Agricultural Students 2008 to

date

Staff adviser, Ogun State Student Association 2004 to date

Member, Chaplaincy Committee, Bowen University, 2002 to date

Member, Transport Committee, Bowen University, 2005 to 2010

Examination coordinator, Dept. of Animal Science and Fisheries

Management 2004 to 2006

Staff Adviser, Royal Ambassadors, Bowen University Chapter, 2004 to

date

Chairman, Practical Year Training Programme, Faculty of Agriculture,

2006 to 2013

Member, seminar/orientation committee, Faculty of Agriculture from

2013/2014 session

Member, Welfare Committee , Faculty of Agriculture, from 2013/2014

session

Member, Bowen University Hospital Management Committee

2014/2015 session

Coordinator, Entrepreneurship Studies for the University; January

2010-March, 2010.

Member, Teaching Quality Control Group of the university, 2008-

2012

Coordinator University’s Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme

(SIWES) from January, 2010 to July, 2017.

Acting Head of Department of Animal Science and Fisheries

Management from August 1, 2017 to date.

Deputy Dean (Male) Student Affairs Unit of the University from

January, 2019 to date

Training Programme Attended, College and Time

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Advanced Computer Techniques for Research, Wina Computer

College, Ibadan, October-December, 2001.

Advanced Digital Appreciation Programme-Tertiary (ADAPT)

Training at Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomosho, 20 November-

01 December, 2006.

Molecular Biology Techniques Training at Redeemer University,

Nigeria; 20 May-10 June, 2006.

Basic supervisory management skills course for student industrial

work experience scheme (SIWES) coordinators held at Industrial

Training fund Ibadan Area Office between 15th and 16th September,

2010.

Workshop and training sessions covering awareness raising,

conceptualisation, policy development and administrative

arrangements for Entrepreneurship and Employability,

International Research Collaboration and Networking skills

activities. Held at Essex Business School, University of Essex, United

Kingdom. 30June-2July, 2010.

Transformational Leadership Workshop for Organizational Success,

Industrial Training Fund (ITF) Ibadan; 15-17 November, 2011

b. Services outside the University

Serving Deacon, El-Shaddai Baptist Church, Ibadan 2013 to

date.

Chairman Deaconate, El-Shaddai Baptist Church, Ibadan 2014-

2017.

Chairman Deaconate, Champion Baptist Association, Ibadan

2016 to date.

Sunday School Teacher, El-Shaddai Baptist Church, Ibadan.

Secretary, Dignified Youth Foundation (A Non Governmental

Organisation, 2014 to date).

President, Ayetoro Youth Voice

Patron, Royal Ambassadors, Champion Baptist Association,

Ibadan.

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XII: CONTRIBUTION TO SCHOLARSHIP AND KNOWLEDGE

1. Enzyme production via extraction (papers 13, 14, 15, 23, 24,27

and 29)

Enzyme production has become an important factor in the feed production

industry especially when there is the need for maximum utilization of agro-

industrial by-products (AIBs). Enzymes will be of help in biodegradation of

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the cell walls in order to facilitate the bioavailability of the hidden or

encapsulated nutrients in the plant’s dead cells. In my research, especially

at the Ph.D level, I focussed on the production of enzymes via solid-state

fermentation using fungi. At the postdoctoral level, I was able to produce

enzymes via the submerged fermentation. No doubt, enzymes are needed

for several operations, which may include laundry and feed production for

animals. However, my bias is for production of enzymes for the

biodegradation of AIBs in order to promote better-feed availability for the

consumption of birds. Paper 15, page 696 shows development of a flow

chart for the production of enzymes from isolated fungus incubated on

substrate.

2. Improvement of nutritive value of agro-industrial by-products

(Papers 5,13,14, 15, 21, 22,23,24, 27 and 29)

From works carried out, there were revelations that there was significant

increase in the crude protein (CP), metabolizable energy (ME), Phosphorus

(P) level of the AIBs after biodegradation with enzyme producing fungi.

However, there was reduction in crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre

(NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), hemicelluloses, cellulose and pectin level

after enzymatic actions on the AIBs. Microorganisms including fungi,

bacteria and actinomycetes constitute the natural sources of protein

compounds that are used for the production of feed enzyme cocktails.

From my findings, I observed that fungi like: Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma

viride, Rhizopus stolonifer and Mucour mucedo were capable of producing an

enzyme system with either cellulase or xylanase properties or both. In the

production of enzyme extracts, cellulases and xylanases are inducible

enzymes and the cellulose-rich material and xylan or xylan rich materials

are the best carbon sources for the production of high levels of cellulases

and xylanases by many microorganisms. There was corresponding increase

in the CP due to addition of the single cell protein from microorganisms.

Biodegradation increased the ME of the AIBs and it has the potential of

leading to increase in the digestibility of cell wall components with

enhancement of starch digestibility. The fungal enzymes have the

potentials of improving not only the NSPs but also of protein as well as

other dietary components such as fatty acid. Secretion of proteinase by

fungi invariably increases the protein content of feed materials.

3. Effect of biodegradation of AIBs on performance of birds (papers

10, 14, 15, 24 and 31)

It was observed that feeding of biodegraded AIBs to birds had impact on

them. For instance, it affected the feed consumption, weight gain and feed

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conversion ratio in broiler production. The palatability and grittiness of the

degraded AIBs improve and this will positively influence the feed

consumption and nutrient digestibility. Invariably, there was improvement

in the feed conversion ratio, body weight gain by broilers and better egg

production by layers.

RESEARCH FOCUS

I have been working on the utilization of agro industrial by-products by

monogastric animals after biodegradation using fungi. I have proceeded

into extraction of enzymes and production of the enzymes like cellulases,

proteases and amylases through the instrumentality of solid-state

fermentation which is defined as the fermentation that involves solids in

absence (or near absence) of free water and admittedly, the involved

substrates must have enough moisture to propel growth and metabolism

activities of micro-organisms. I have interest in improvement of nutritional

quality of agro industrial by-products (AIBs) after biodegradation and

subsequent usage as part of the feed ingredients for farm animals. (AIBs)

are abundant and prominent biopolymer on earth and owing to their

linkage to lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, they are tough and resistant

to degradation. The resistance tends to put in place recalcitrant tendencies

that prevent the penetration and percolation of enzymes into the interior.

This attribute is limiting the utilization and exploration of these abundant

resources and may therefore be seen as wastes. Some of the AIBs that I

had worked with include: wheat bran/offal, groundnut hull, palm kernel

cake, brewers’ dried grains, rice chaff, cassava root sieviate, cassava peel

and maize bran. They are very good substrates for the solid-state

fermentation because of their availability and affordability (they are not

expensive). In the nutshell, I have bias for the enhancement of the

nutritional values of AIBs. The essence of this is to increase the available

number of feed ingredients. This will have influence on environment and

bioavailability of nutrients to animals. The environment will become neater

because some of the agro industrial by-products constitute nuisance on

farms and industries. Besides, this will also reduce competition between

humans and animals, especially the monogastrics. These efforts will surely

increase and enhance availability of animal protein to the populace.

Mentoring of Junior Colleagues

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Junior colleagues are been encouraged, especially those on their Ph.D. They

are being supported by making materials and information available to

them.

DESCRIPTION OF CONCLUDRD RESEARCH

RESEARCH

Completed research

o Extraction of Enzymes from Four Fungi and their Use to improve

the Nutritive Value of Groundnut Pod for Broiler feeding.

o Endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) Production by Aspergillus niger,

Trichoderma reesei and Rhizopus stolonifer using agro industrial

by-products.

o Performance, Egg Quality and Nutrient Utilization by Laying

Birds Fed Penicillium chrysogenum Degraded Brewer Dried Grain.

Research in Progress

Fungal biodegradation of agro-industrial by-products

for feeding turkey.

Having worked on the effect of feeding biodegraded agro industrial by-

products to broilers and layers, I have the desire to also study the effect of

same on turkey. The effect will be measured from poults stage up to the

laying point.

Biodegradation of pineapple wastes by Pleurotus spp

The ever widening expansion of agro-industrial activity has increased the

availability of large quantity of lignocellulosic materials in Nigeria.

Meanwhile, these materials are seen as wastes in some quarters. It is also

paramount to state that the demand for juice drinks in on the increase and

one of the prominent ones is the pineapple juice obtainable from the

pineapple fruit. Having extracted the juice from the fruit, the remainder is

often discarded. Presently, I am interested in the study of bioconversion of

these substrates with the edible mushroom Pleurotus spp so as to improve

the nutritional values and digestibility and hence enhance its use as animal

feed.

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