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National Institute of Informatics
Current Status of Institutional Repositories
in Japan
National Institute of Informatics
Izumi SugitaLibrary Liaison Team
Scholarly and Academic Information DivisionCyber Science
Infrastructure Development Department
National Institute of Informatics, Japan
North America Coordinating Councilon Japanese Library
Resources2008 Open Meeting
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートGood afternoon. My name is Izumi Sugita. I’m
in charge of the Library Liaison Team at the National Institute of
Informatics in Japan. I’d like to talk about the “current status of
Institutional Repositories (IRs) in Japan”. This is the image
character of our project. It’s not an official one, but a secret
one. As you may know, “TORI” in Japanese means bird, so, the
character of the “repository” is a bird.OK, let’s get started.
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National Institute of Informatics
Outline
What is an Institutional Repository?
NII’s Institutional Repositories Program– Results of phase I
(FY2005–FY2007)– Prospects for phase II (FY2008 – FY2009)
How can we use the content of Institutional Repositories?
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートMy presentation today will be in three
parts.First, I’m going to tell you what an institutional repository
is.Second, I’ll give an overview of the Institutional Repositories
Program.And finally, I’ll talk about how we can better use the
content of institutional repositories.
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National Institute of Informatics
Institutional Repository (IR)
What is an Institutional Repository?– Electronic archiving
system of content produced by
universities, etc. gathered and stored as digital data and made
freely available to public
• Definition of Institutional Repository:– “ … set of services
that a university offers to the members of
its community for the management and dissemination of digital
materials created by the institution and its community
members”(Lynch, Clifford 2003)
Two Objectives:– Reform dissemination of information– Enhance
social value of universities
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートYou might want to ask, “What is an
institutional repository?”Well, first of all, have you ever heard
of an institutional repository before?Or are any of you planning to
constitute a institutional repository in the future?Well,
basically, it is electronic archiving system of the outcomes from
universities and research institutions of the information gathered
and stored as digital data and made freely available to the
public.IRs have two objectives.The first is the reform the way such
content is disseminated by being openly accessible.The second is
the enhancement of the social value of universities. As this
background, Japanese universities are required to ensure
accountability nowadays.Well, now that you know what an IR is and
what the objectives are, you might be wondering what the overall
concept is. Let’s take a look.
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National Institute of Informatics
Concept of IR
UsersLibraries,
etc.
Faculty
Reform of information disseminationShow-case content produced by
universities
- Articles- Preprints
- Departmental bulletin papers
- Technical papers- Thesis & Dissertations
- Presentations- Teaching materials
- Database- Software
etc.
InstitutionalRepository
Access
Search
Deposit
Readers Writers
Interface,Search engine
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートUniversity and institutional faculties, as
writers, can deposit the content that they produce in the IR.Users,
as readers, can search and access this content via a search
engine.Usually, in order to read a journal article, they have to
subscribe to a journal or pay per view, and it is very expensive.If
a reader can get the full text of a journal article or similar
viewing freely from an IR, in other words, if the open access is
realized, it will reform and change the way of academic
communication.Furthermore, such open access will be a better
showcase of the content produced by universities and it will
enhance their social value.
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National Institute of Informatics
Outline of CSI Initiative for IRs Phase I (FY2005–2007)
Pilot project (FY2005):– NII selected 19 universities
Full-fledged project (FY2006-2007):– Objectives:
• To expand nationwide installation of institutional
repositories• To boost innovative R&D
– Two project areas:• Area 1 (construction and operation of
institutional repositories)• Area 2 (innovative R&D)
– Competitive selection process:• Open call for proposals
FY2005 FY2006 FY2007
Pilot project Full-fledged project
Area 1 19 57 70
Area 2 22 14
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートTo encourage these activities, NII started
programs to enhance IRs. This slide shows the outline of phase I of
NII’s CSI initiative on IRs.A pilot project was started in 2005.NII
selected 19 universities based on their achievements.In 2006, NII
launched a full-fledged project with two objectives. The first
was to expand the nationwide installation of institutional
repositories.And the second was to boost innovative research and
development.The project was divided into two areas.In area 1, we
invited institutions to apply for funds for the construction and
operation of institutional repositories. In 2006, we selected 57
universities to participate in area 1, and we added 13 more
universities in 2007.So, we now have a total of 70 partners.In area
2, we invited innovative research and development projects. We
reorganized 22 projects into 14 in 2007.This selection process was
competitive.
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National Institute of Informatics
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 36 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6
0 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3
5 5 6 6 6 69 9 9 9 11
12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 01 1 1
1 2 3 3
7
2025
28 3031
32 32 33 3436 36 36 36
0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 00 0 0
0 00 0
0
0
00
02
2 2 24
6 6 79
0 0 0 00 1 1 1 1 1 1
11
2 2 22 3 3
3 33 4
4
4
44
4
810 11
1212
12 12 1212
other
H19
H18
H17
H16
Increase in Number of IRs in JAPAN
Pioneers:Chiba
HokkaidoWaseda
13 IRsApril 2006
47 IRsApril 2007
76 IRs March 2008
Partners from 2006
Partnersfrom 2007
Others
Partners from 2005
Experimental project 2004
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis bar graph shows that the number of IRs
has been increasing each year.These sections show our partners.They
are divided into the years in which they became partners.I’d like
to focus on this area here, “others”.The universities in this
section are not our partners.They are independently constructing
IRs. This is a notable thing.At present, there are more than 70 IRs
in Japan.
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National Institute of Informatics
IRs by country
Open Directory of Open Access Repositories (DOAR)
http://www.opendoar.org/ (Last accessed:2008/03/19)
World total:1108– Japan is fourth with 67
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis pie chart shows the number of IRs in
different countries around the world.There are now more than 1,000
IRs worldwide.As you can see, one quarter of them is in the
U.S.Japan is ranked fourth in the world.This seams impressive, but
in actuality, there are more than 700 universities in Japan, so
this number is not so impressive.In fact, only 10% of universities
in Japan have their own IR.
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National Institute of Informatics
7
IR contents-1
Number of items depositedJuNii+ (number of IRs: 60, total number
of content items: 273,852)
JuNii+ http://juniiplus.csc.nii.ac.jp/ (Test version, only
Japanese)(Last accessed:2008/03/26)
17.9%
9.4%
52.2%
13.2%
Journal articles Theses and dissertations Departmental bulletin
papers Conference papers Books Technical reports Research reports
Preprints Presentation materials General articles Learning
materials Data/ database Misc
Journal articlesTheses and dissertationsMisc.
Journal articles 48,898
Theses and dissertations 25,825
Departmental bulletin papers
142,872
Conference papers 2,373
Books 1,092
Technical reports 465
Research reports 7,531
Preprints 101
Presentation materials 854
General articles 4,701
Learning materials 2,557
Data/ database 442
Misc. 36,141
Total 273,852
Departmental Bulletin papers
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThe pie chart shows the number of items
deposited in IRs in Japan. The items are divided into types.More
than half of the items deposited are departmental bulletin
papers.Almost 20% are journal articles.These contents are
accessible via the JuNii+, which is a portal system of IRs produced
by NII.
http://juniiplus.csc.nii.ac.jp/
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National Institute of Informatics
IR contents -2
Breakdown by Nippon Decimal Classification (NDC)97,091 items
(Input rate: 42.7%)
Date: 2008/01/09, 49IRs
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートHere we can see a breakdown by using NDC for
short. As you can see, almost 25% is in the field of medical
science.The second is education and the third is mathematics.We can
see that the contents from various fields are registered.
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National Institute of Informatics
IR contents -3
Language: Input rate: 95.2%31 languages
Japanese
English
Date: 2008/01/09, 49IRs
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis pie chart shows the languages of the
content. More than three quarters are Japanese, and about 20% is
English.
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National Institute of Informatics
IR contents -4
Case study: Nagoya Repository
48,904
1,014
120,839
360
239,609
4,939
55,429
60
22,278
211
Download
number
(Accumulation)
Registrated
number
(Accumulation)
Journal articles Theses and dissertations Departmental bulletin
papers
Learning materials Misc
49%
5%
25%
15%
© Nagoya University Library, March 2008
75%
10%
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートHere are the results from a case study on the
Nagoya Repository.This bar graph is divided by resource type.The
upper one shows the number of contents and the bottom one shows the
number of download times.Although there are not so many numbers;
5%, we can see that theses and dissertations are used a lot;
25%.Most of the learning materials viewed were by library
pass-finders.
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National Institute of Informatics
Achievements and Lessons form Phase I
Achievements:– Area 1:
• Increased number of IRs and their contents
– Area 2:• Clarified technical and institutional problems•
Established librarian community:
– Digital Repository Federation (DRF)– Database of Society
Copyright Policy Japan (SCPJ)
Lessons & Issues:– How to keep sustainability/maintain
momentum?– Some system development projects in the area 2
are not spreading to other institutions
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートI would like to conclude by talking about
some of the achievements and lessons we have learned from phase
I.In area 1, we increased the number of IRs and the content
amount.And in area 2, we clarified the technical and institutional
problems and established a librarian community.As for the lessons
we have learned, we have seen that some system development projects
in the area 2 are not expanding across other institutions.And we
have to solve the problem how to maintain sustainability or the
momentum of expansion.
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National Institute of Informatics
Keys to Phase II
Keys to Phase II:– Emphasis on sustainable and
self-supported
activities– Area 1:
• focus on priority resource type content, such as theses and
dissertations, reports and related data from grants-in-aid
research, and departmental bulletin papers, etc.
– Area 2: • stress projects with wider applications and
innovative additional values
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートNow, let’s look at the next phase.The keys of
phase II are as follows.We need to put emphasis on sustainable and
self-supporting activities.For example, we recommend reserving a
respectable percentage of research funds for information
dissemination.NII will focus on prioritizing the resource types,
such as theses and dissertations, and the reports and related data
from grants-in-aid research, for example KAKEN.We also need to
invite some proposals from innovative research and development to
create additional value for IRs.
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National Institute of Informatics
NII’s three activities for supporting IRs
Content Construction:– Digitization and supply of journal
articles; “CiNii/ELS”– Communication and adjustment with academic
societies– Recommendation to SPARC partners “Repository Friendly
Policy” – Supply the system for dissemination “Departmental
Bulletin Papers”
Support for Collaboration:– Training for academic portal
specialist with DRF– Seminars, workshops, symposiums, etc.
System Cooperation:– Defining standard metadata format; JuNii2–
Developing and providing IRs portal; JuNii+
http://juniiplus.csc.nii.ac.jp/ (test service)– Cooperation with
other services
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートOf course, NII’s support program not only
involves funding. We have three activities for supporting
IRs.First, support for content construction.Second, we supply some
system cooperation.Third, support for the collaboration of the
managers of the IRs.I would like to focus on the JuNii+.
http://juniiplus.csc.nii.ac.jp/
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National Institute of Informatics
Federated search over all institutional repositories in Japan
that are compliant
with metadata format junii2
JuNii+ (test version)http://juniiplus.csc.nii.ac.jp/
Full text
Metadata
Institutional repositories
harvest
Crawl / harvest
■Google Scholar
Search engines
■Google■OAIster ・・・
JuNii+: Japanese IRs portal
Metadata ofJournal articles
&Bulletin papers
will go to
CiNii
OAI-PMH
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThis is a conception diagram of the
JuNii+.JuNii+ harvests metadata from the IRs.So, users can do a
federated search across almost all of the IRs in Japan. At present,
only Japanese interfaces are supplied, but are going to develop an
English interface by next autumn. And we are going to develop it as
the system not use Java script. For data to be harvestable, it has
to be compliant with the metadata in the junii2 format.Junii2 was
devised for describing the articles.We are also planning to extract
the metadata on academic journal articles and register them on our
most important database: CiNii.
http://juniiplus.csc.nii.ac.jp/
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National Institute of InformaticsNational Institute of
Informatics
For more information…
http://www.nii.ac.jp/irp/en/[email protected]
プレゼンタープレゼンテーションのノートThat’s all for my presentation.Although I
have only covered the situation in Japan, I hope that will be
useful to obtain the information that you need .If you have any
questions, please feel free to contact us by e-mail at the address
given here. Thank you for your attention.
Current Status of Institutional Repositories in
Japan�OutlineInstitutional Repository (IR)Concept of IROutline of
CSI Initiative for IRs Phase I (FY2005–2007)Increase in Number of
IRs in JAPANIRs by country IR contents-1IR contents -2IR contents
-3IR contents -4Achievements and Lessons form Phase IKeys to Phase
IINII’s three activities for supporting IRsJuNii+: Japanese IRs
portal スライド番号 16