Current Stance of Immunization and Vaccine Industry in … · Current Stance of Immunization and Vaccine Industry in the OIC ... Immunization is an essential component for reducing

Current Stance of Immunization and Vaccine Industry in the OIC Countries

STATISTICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC COUNTRIES

O R G A N I Z A T I O N O F I S L A M I C C O O P E R A T I O N

Dr. Umut UNAL

Immunization

• Immunization is an essential component for reducing under-five

mortality. • Immunization coverage estimates are used to monitor coverage of

immunization services and to guide disease eradication and elimination efforts.

• It is a good indicator of health system performance.

2

• Childhood immunization is one of the most efficient and effective methods of preventing diseases like Measles, Meningitis, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (whooping cough), Yellow fever, Polio and Hepatitis B.

84

66

8

61 69

55

5

51 56

44

5

41

0

20

40

60

80

100

OIC Countries DevelopingCountries

DevelopedCountries

World

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

1990 2000 2010

no d

ata

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

EAP ECA LAC MENA SA SSA

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

1990 2000 2010

114 108 103 99 99 93

9 8 7 6 6 5 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

Highest Lowest Infant mortality rate (IMR) indicates the number of deaths of babies less than one year of age per 1000 live births. Despite the impressive progress, IMR in OIC member countries remained quite higher than the developing countries and world.

3

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

126

95

10

88

103

79

7

73 82

62

5

57

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

OIC Countries DevelopingCountries

DevelopedCountries

World

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

1990 2000 2010

no d

ata

0

40

80

120

160

200

EAP ECA LAC MENA SA SSA

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

1990 2000 2010

180 178 176 174 173 150 149 143 143 136

16 16 15 11 10 9 8 7 7 6 0

40

80

120

160

200

240

Som

alia

Mal

iBu

rkin

a…Si

erra

…Ch

adG

uine

a-…

Afgh

anist

…N

iger

Nig

eria

Cam

eroo

nSy

riaTu

nisia

Mal

dive

sKu

wai

tBa

hrai

nO

man

Qat

arBr

unei

UAE

Mal

aysia

per 1

000

live

birt

hs

Highest Lowest The under-five mortality situation has also been improved in the OIC member countries and U5MR has fallen from 126 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 82 in 2010, corresponding to decline of 35 per cent. However, despite this improvement, one in 12 children in OIC member countries die before their fifth birthday compared to one in 16 children in developing countries and one in 18 children in the world . 4

Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

OIC Other Developing World

0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

SSA SA MENA ECA EAP LAC

DTP3: The third dose of Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine

The third dose of combined Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP3) immunization coverage has increased substantially in OIC countries during the last decade. The coverage rate increased to 83 per cent in 2010.

DTP3 coverage rates in LAC, ECA and MENA and regions remained higher than the OIC average and the world average. However, in contrast, SSA is still seriously lagging behind.

5

45 45

57 59

60 64

65 66

69 70

94 98 98 98

99 99 99 99 99 99 99

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

GabonSomaliaGuinea

ChadUganda

MauritaniaIraq

AfghanistanNigeria

Senegal

United Arab EmiratesGambia

Saudi ArabiaKuwait

AlbaniaBahrain

IranKazakhstan

MoroccoOman

Uzbekistan

DTP3: The third dose of Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine

Top 10 and Worst 10 Performers

6

MCV: Measles Immunization Coverage

0102030405060708090100

0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


0102030405060708090

100

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

SSA SA MENA ECA EAP LAC

Measles immunization coverage has increased substantially in OIC member countries and coverage rate increased to 80 percent in 2010. However, OIC countries still remained below the world, developing countries averages.

Immunization coverage in MENA, ECA and LAC regions remained quite high. The rest of the regions, particularly SSA and SA, are seriously lagging behind.

Measles is the most deadly of all childhood rash/fever illnesses.

7

28

46

55

56

58

61

62

63

67

67

94

98

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Chad

Somalia

Gabon

Mali

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Afghanistan

Burkina Faso

Azerbaijan

Mauritania

United Arab Emirates

Saudi Arabia

Albania

Bahrain

Iran

Kazakhstan

Kuwait

Oman

Qatar

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

8

MCV: Measles Immunization Coverage


HepB3: The third dose of Hepatitis B vaccine.

0102030405060708090100

0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

SSA SA MENA ECA EAP LAC 9

Hepatitis B is a serious infection that affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus and 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV.

As shown in figure, OIC coverage rate remained higher than that for developing and world averages in 2010.

According to the latest estimates of WHO, 25 percent of adults who become chronically infected during the childhood later die due to liver cancer.

In 2010, among the OIC regions, HepB3 coverage ranged from a low of 67 per cent in EAP region to a high of 93 per cent in ECA.

22 45

48 50

59 62

63 66 66 66

94 98 98 98 98

99 99 99 99 99 99

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ChadGabon

AzerbaijanNigeriaGuinea

Côte d'IvoireIndonesia

AfghanistanCameroon

Syria

United Arab EmiratesLibya

MoroccoSaudi Arabia

TunisiaAlbaniaBahrain

IranKazakhstan

KuwaitOman

10

HepB3: The third dose of Hepatitis B vaccine.


Hib3: The third dose of haemophilus influenza type B vaccine

0102030405060708090100

0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


0102030405060708090

100

2009 2010

SSA SA MENA ECA LAC 11

Haemophilus influenza type B a bacterium that can infect the outer lining of the brain causing meningitis.

As shown in figure, OIC coverage rate remained higher than that for developing and world averages in 2010. However, the coverage rate is still around 50 per cent.

The SSA and MENA regions are lagging behind the OIC average.

22 38

43 45

59 62

66 66

71 72

94

98 98 98

99 99 99 99 99 99 99

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ChadAzerbaijan

TunisiaGabonGuinea

Côte d'IvoireAfghanistan

CameroonTurkmenistan

Mali

United Arab Emirates…

JordanLibya

Saudi ArabiaAlbaniaBahrainKuwait

MalaysiaMorocco

OmanUzbekistan

12

Hib3: The third dose of haemophilus influenza type B vaccine


BCG: Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine

0102030405060708090100

0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

SSA SA MENA ECA EAP LAC13

BCG is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease.

During the period under consideration, the coverage in OIC countries are in line with the world and slightly lower than that of developing countries.

In 2010, the coverage rate increased to 87 per cent in OIC countries on average.

SSA and LAC regions are lagging behind. ECA and MENA are the leading regions.

41 53

59 61

64 68

74 76

80 82

98 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

SomaliaChad

YemenNiger

NigeriaAfghanistan

Côte d'IvoireComoros

CameroonAzerbaijan

United Arab EmiratesAlbaniaAlgeria

Burkina FasoIran

KuwaitLibya

MalaysiaMorocco

OmanUzbekistan

14

BCG: Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine


Polio Vaccine

0102030405060708090100

0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

SSA SA MENA ECA EAP LAC15

Polio immunization protects against poliomyelitis, a severe disease that leads to the loss of movement.

Despite some improvement, OIC countries are lagging behind the averages of the world and other developing countries during the period under consideration.

By 2010, SSA and EAP regions were seriously lagging behind.

31 44 44

49 57

58 66

67 70

71

94

98 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ChadGabon

NigerSomaliaGuinea

Côte d'IvoireAfghanistan

CameroonIndonesia

Mali

United Arab Emirates…

TunisiaAlbaniaBahrain

Brunei DarussalamIran

KazakhstanKuwait

MalaysiaOman

Uzbekistan

16

Polio Vaccine


11,90 15,93 11,75

134,83

87,27 62,99

161,05

518,21

375,94

578,60

0,00%

1,00%

2,00%

3,00%

4,00%

5,00%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Mill

ions

OIC Non-OIC Developing OIC as % of world

17

Exports of Vaccines for Human Use

OIC countries are still accounting for less than 1% of the total world vaccine exports. • OIC exports of vaccine recorded only 87.27 million USD in 2011.

0,25

0,66 0,69 0,86

1,19

0,85

2,04

3,01

3,72

3,07

0,00%

1,00%

2,00%

3,00%

4,00%

5,00%

6,00%

7,00%

8,00%

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Billi

ons

OIC Non-OIC Developing OIC as % of world

18

OIC countries accounted for 7% in total world vaccine imports in 2011. • OIC imports of vaccine recorded over 1.1 billion for the first time in 2011 which

is almost 13 times higher than their exports.

Imports of Vaccines for Human Use

Current Stance of Vaccine Supply

• OIC countries display heterogeneous structure in terms of being able to uptake new vaccines. – Low income countries obtain vaccines mostly through Global

Alliance Vaccines and Information (GAVI). – Middle income countries have been experiencing financial and

operational difficulties with the introduction of new vaccines. They have the following obstacles

• Lack of sufficient funds • Prevailing high prices of vaccines.

– High income countries such as GCC have been successful in the uptake of new vaccines.

19

Current Stance of Vaccine Distribution

• The purchase of vaccines is complex and requires a specialized knowledge and a precise approach.

• Due to the specificities of the vaccines, quality, safety and efficacy should be the first considerations to be taking into account.

• Cold chain conditions should be respected during shipment and cold room capacity should be available at the time of the receipt of the vaccines.

• There are many companies producing vaccines but only a few meet internationally-recognized standards of safety and efficacy.

20

Policy Recommendations

• Supporting Local Production of Medicine and Vaccine. – Actions at National Level

• Provide direct government support to the local manufacturers of medical products i.e. policies that reduce the cost of manufacture such as grants, subsidies, land, tax and duty exemptions for imported inputs for local production

• Improve national capacity in producing raw material based on available local/natural resources, to initiate self-reliance of medicine

• Improve investment climate by simplifying the requirements for doing business in pharmaceutical and other medical products industry without making any concessions to quality

– Actions at OIC Level • Target bringing coherence of vision at the OIC level to support local production

of medical products/vaccines under the OIC program on achieving Self Reliance in Vaccine Production (SRVP) in the Islamic world

• Establish an intersectoral intra-OIC committee of experts on local production • Provide technical assistance to countries regarding the production of raw material

for drugs production

21

Policy Recommendations • Increasing the Availability of Essential Medicines, Vaccines

and Medical Technologies. – Actions at National Level

• Implement regulations to prevent high mark-ups on essential medicines and vaccines

• Develop national guidelines related to distribution of vaccine and medicine in order to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality well-maintained across distribution channel

• Support funding programs in order to improve the efficiency in the procurement and supply management

– Actions at OIC Level • Identify the countries where capacity building at the country level, at the

policy level or at the firm level is required • Keep cooperating and collaborating with Global Alliance Vaccines and

Information (GAVI) • Provide material and technical assistance to develop national guidelines

related to distribution of vaccines • Facilitate development of regional pooled procurement mechanism which

will enable local production to meet regional needs and allow for the mutual cooperation in increasing the availability of essential medicines and vaccines 22

Critical Perspectives on the Socio-Economic Development and Transformation in the Islamic World

Thank you for your attention!

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Current Stance of Immunization and Vaccine Industry in … · Current Stance of Immunization and Vaccine Industry in the OIC ... Immunization is an essential component for reducing

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