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Republic of TajikistanMinistry of Energy and Industry
CURRENT SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
FOR ENERGY AND INDUSTRY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
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The energy and industry sectors of the country play a vital role
in achieving the naonal strategic goals of ensuring energy and
food security and solving social issues.
H.E. Mr Emomali Rahmon
President of the Republic of Tajikistan
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Capital: Dushanbe
Populaon: about 8 million
Territory: 143.1 thousand square km
REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
The Republic of Tajikistan is a unique country with the mountains of the Tien
Shan and Pamir ranges in the north averaging over 6,000 meters in height.
With more than 1,000 lakes, 80% of which are located 3,000m above sea
level, the country also has signicant water resources and its rivers are oneof the main sources of replenishment for the Aral Sea.
Tajikistan is situated in south-east Central Asia bordering in the West
and North with Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, in the East with China, and in
the South with Afghanistan. The country has an area of 143,000 square
kilometres and a populaon of approximately 8 million (of whom more than
73% live in rural areas).
The climate in Tajikistan varies widely throughout the year with mild
temperatures and heavy showers in spring; hot summers with temperatures
over 40C and cold winters.
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The Ministry of Energy and Industry of Tajikistan is responsible for the
implementaon of a unied state policy and regulaon of fuel, energy
and natural resources; the regulaon of industry; the defence industry;
engineering and technology; the producon of building materials and foodand work processes.
In fullling these responsibilies, the Ministry leads in the coordinaon of
acvies undertaken by other government bodies and liaises with NGOs
and other enterprises.
The government recognises that the professional oversight of the energy
and industrial sectors of the country by the Ministry is essenal to the
nancial wellbeing of the country and the prosperity of the populaon.
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND INDUSTRY
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HYDROPOWER
Nurek HPP has an installed capacity of 3,000 MW
and at 300 metres it is the worlds highest earth and
rock flled dam.
Tajikistan is located in the pool of the two main rivers of the region, the
Amu-Darya and the Sir-Darya which together provide Tajikistan with almost
60% of the enre regions water resources.
These water resources constute almost 4% of the worlds total hydropower
potenal meaning Tajikistan has the worlds 8th highest potenal in
hydropower resources.
Based on resources per capita; the potenal generaon of 87.8 thousand
kWh per person per year places Tajikistan 2nd in the world while based on
the area of the country - Tajikistans potenal of 62 million kWh per year
for each km2 places Tajikistans hydropower resources at the highest in the
world.
Only between 4% and 5% of Tajikistans immense hydropower resources
are currently being ulised, and thus there is extensive opportunity for thefuture development of this vast and relavely untapped source of energy.
Tajikistans hydropower potenal far exceeds its own domesc requirements
which, combined with its geographical locaon means the country is well
placed to be a major exporter of electricity throughout the surrounding
region.
Tajikistan currently has a total installed generaon capacity of 5,244 MW
including 5,211 MW of hydro-power.
With an installed capacity of 600 MW,
Baipaza is the second largest HPP in Tajikistan.
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Tajikistan possesses an esmated 527 billion kWh per year in reserves
of hydropower generaon of which it is currently technically possible to
develop over 50% (280 billion kWh). This is three mes greater than the
current combined consumpon of electricity throughout the whole of
Central Asia.
95% of Tajikistans electricity generaon is provided by only 5% of thepotenal hydro generaon capacity that is currently being ulised
Tajikistan possesses vast and unique reserves of hydropower resources
which will play an essenal role in restoring economic prosperity to Tajikistan
through the export of electricity. To realize this potenal, signicant foreign
investments will be needed.
POTENTIAL HYDROENERGY STOCKS
NAME
POWER (MW)
INSTALLED
CAPACITYALLOCATED
WORKING
(MEAN
ANNUAL)
Nurek 3,000.0 2,100.0
2,
035.3
Baipaza 600.0 450.0 471.8
Dushanbe HEC 198.0 198.0 27.2
YavanHEC 120.0 98.63 8.4
Kairakkum 126.0 126.0 68.3
Sangtuda 1 670.0 670.0 335.0
Vakhsh Cascade 285.05 162.0 160.9
Including
Golovnaya 240.0 140.0 140.0
Perepadnaya 29.95 22.0 20.5
Centralnaya 15.1 - -
Varzob Cascade 25.43 5.1 8.4
Including
HPP 1 7.15 3.5 4.783
HPP 2 14.76 1.6 3.6
HPP 3 3.52 - 0.017
Pamir 14.0 14.0 -
Horog 8.7 -
Kalaikhumb 0.208 0.208 -
Vanch 1.2 1.2 -
Namangut 2.5 2.5 -
Ak-Su 0.64 0.64 -
Small HPPs 30.62 26.825 22.33
Total Large HPPs Capacity
Large HPPs Capacity (MW)
Nurek HPP 3,000
Baipaza HPP 600
Vakhsh Cascade (including) 285
Golovnaya HPP 240
Perepadnaya HPP 30
Centralnaya HPP 15
Varzob Cascade 25
Kairakkum HPP 126
Sangtuda 1 670
Sangtuda 2 220
Total 5,211
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HYDRO ENERGY RESOURCES ON THE PANJ RIVER
There are twelve HPPs on the Panj River with installed capacies ranging
from 250 MW to 3,000 MW. Preliminary technical and economic studies
show that one of the most aracve projects in Tajikistan is the developmentof the Dashjum HPP with a design capacity of 4,000 MW.
Reservoir
ca aci t
Rated
ca aci t
Power
o ut u t
Project
cost Pyanj River
,
km3
,
MW
bln.kWh/
,
$USD mln
year
Barshorskaya HPP 1,25 300 1,6 240 1
Anderobskaya HPP 0,1 650 3,3 520
1
2
3 s s aya , ,
Horogskaya HPP 0,01 250 1,3
2
3
4
5
Rushanskaya HPP 4,1 3000 14,8 2400 PP
4
5
6 zgu m y , ,
Granitnie vorota HPP 0,03 2100 10,5 1680
5
6
7
8 Shirgovatkaya HPP 0,04 1000 9,7 800
Hostavskaya HPP 0,04 1200 6,1 960
7
8
9 , ,
Dashtijumskaya HPP 10,2 4000 15,6 3200
8
9
10
11 Jumarskaya HPP 1,3 2000 8,2 1600
Moskovskaya HPP 0,04 880 3,4 704
10
11
12
Kokchinskaya HPP 0,2 350 1,5 280
11
12
13
14 pper mudar ya ydro un t , ,
13
14
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HYDRO ENERGY RESOURCES ON THE ZERAFSHAN RIVER
The Zerafshan river is fed from glacial and snow runo from the mountains.
This river constutes a potenal hydro-power resource of over 33.94 TWh
of which it is technically possible to develop HPPs with a total installed
capacity of 10.55 TWh.
Reservoir
ca acit
Rated
ca acit
Power
out ut
Project
cost Zerafshan River (Matcha area)
,
km3
,
MW
bln.kWh/
,
$USD mln
year
Oburdonskaya HPP 0,72 120 0,35 961
Dargskaya HPP 0,05 130 0,75 105
1
2
3 ang stans aya , ,
Fondarya River
2
3
4
Fandaryinskaya HPP 300 1,8 240 4
Reservoir
c a a ci t
Rated
c a a ci t
Power
out ut
Project
cost Zerafshan River
,
km3
,
MW
bln.kWh/
,
$USD mln
year
Ayninskaya HPP 0,05 160 0,95 128 5
Yavanskaya HPP 0,05 120 0,18 96
5
6
7 Dupulnskaya HPP ,
Penjikentskaya HPP-1 - 50 0,27 40
6
7
8
9
Penjikentskaya HPP-2 - 45 0,25 36
- -
8
9
10 - - ,
9
10
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HYDRO ENERGY RESOURCES ON THE KAFARNIGAN RIVER
This river has potenal hydro-power resources of over 37.22 TWh of which
it is technically feasible to harness some 8.7 TWh through the installaon
of HPPs.
Reservoir
capacit
Rated
capacit
Power
output
Project
cost Kafarnigan River
,
km3
,
MW
bln.kWh/
,
$USD mln
year
Vistanskaya HPP - 200 0,6 160 1
Sarvozskaya HPP - 250 0,8 200
r
1
2
3 avrozskaya , ,
Romitskaya HPP 1,2 450 1,4 360
2
3
4
5
Bagd.hydro unit 0,85 150 0,6 120
4
5
Hydro energy resources use at Kafarnigan River
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HYDRO ENERGY RESOURCES ON THE OB-HINGOU AND SURHOB RIVERS
Five HPPs with a total installed capacity of 2,610 MW are economically and
technically feasible on the Ob-Hingou River in addion to four HPPs with a
total installed capacity of 700 MW which are economically and technically
feasible on the Surhob River.
Reservoirca acit ,
Ratedca acit ,
Powero ut ut
Projectcost,
Obi-Hingou River,
km3
,
MW
bln.kWh/
,
$USD mln
year
Sangvorskaya HPP 1,5 800 2,0 640 1
Urfatinskaya HPP 0,01 850 2,1 680
1
2
3 ens aya , ,
Efarskaya HPP 0,02 200 1,2 190
2
3
4
5
Enurskaya HPP 0,01 160 0,96 330
4
5
Reservoirca acit
Ratedca acit
Powerout ut
Projectcost
Shurob River,
km3
,
MW
bln.kWh/
,
$USD mln
year
Jalbulakskaya HPP 1,4 600 2,0 480 1
Saironskaya HPP 0,01 500 2,2 400
1
2
3 orgens aya , ,
Garmskaya HPP 0,02 400 1,8 320
2
3
4
Addionally, thirteen HPPs with
a total installed capacity of
356 MW are economically and
technically feasible on the Gunt
River while ve HPPs with a total
installed capacity of 486 MW
are economically and technically
feasible on the River Bartang.
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POTENTIAL HYDRO ENERGY RESOURCES RESERVES
RIVERS
ANNUAL
POWER
(MW)
ANNUAL
ENERGY
(TWh)
%
Panj 14,030 122.90 23.60
Gunt 2,260 19.80 3.80
Bartang 2,969 26.01 5.00
Vanj 1,191 10.34 1.99
Yazgulom 845 7.40 1.42
Kizil-Su 1,087 9.52 1.83
Vakhsh 28,670 251.15 48.25
Kafirnigan 4,249 37.22 7.15
Zeravshan 3,875 33.94 6.52
Sir-Darya 260 2.28 0.44
Total 59,436 520.56 100
In addion to the large hydropower staons, Tajikistan also generates 11 MW of
its total capacity mainly from mini-hydro plants on smaller secondary streams.
Under the Long Term Program of Building Small Hydroelectric Power Staons
2008 -2020 however it is intended to increase the power generated in this way
to 118 MW.
The majority of these mini-hydro plants provide electricity to local communies
and are not connected to the countrys transmission network.
There are currently two thermal generaon combined-heat-and-power
plants in Tajikistan. One located in Dushanbe, with an installed capacity of
198 MW, and another located in Yavan, with an installed capacity of 120
MW. Both use natural gas as a primary source of fuel supplemented, when
necessary, by the use of mazout (a type of fuel oil).
The countrys rivers provide considerable potenal
for mini-hydro plants to supply electricity mainly
to rural communies.
MINI HYDROPOWER
THERMAL GENERATION
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Tajikistans transmission system consists of transmission lines at three
dierent voltage levels, 500 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV.
At present, it includes approximately 550 km of 500 kV lines, 1,175 km of
220 kV lines and 2,985 km of 110 kV lines.
The transmission system has three substaons at 500 kV, 23 substaons at
220 kV and 154 substaons at 110 kV.
The 500 kV transmission lines include a double circuit between the NurekHPP and Regar substaon, a single circuit between the Regar and Dushanbe
substaons as well as a single circuit between the Dushanbe and the Sughd
substaons.
Tajikistans transmission system is connected to Kyrgyzstan through a 53
km 220 kV transmission line from the Kanibadam substaon in Tajikistan
to the Aigul-Tash substaon in Kyrgyzstan and to Afghanistan through
a 220 kV double circuit transmission line from Sangtuda in Tajikistan toPul-e-Khumri in Afghanistan.
These interconnecons allow Tajikistan to import and export electricity
to/from its neighbours with net exports of 516 GWhs during 2012. The
development of the countrys hydro-power potenal will however lead
to considerable increases in its electricity exports.
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan are pursuing the
development of electricity trading arrangements through theestablishment of the Central Asia - South Asia Regional Electricity
Market (CASAREM).
One of the key components of this iniave is the proposed development
of a cross-border electrical interconnecon linking the four countries to
transfer surplus power from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, southwards to
Afghanistan, and ulmately Pakistan.
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTIONS
CENTRAL ASIA SOUTH ASIA ELECTRICITY
TRANSMISSION PROJECT (CASA 1000):
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The rst phase of establishing the CASAREM is to develop the
necessary transmission and trading infrastructure and systems to
enable a trade capacity of 1,000 to 1,300 MW of electricity between
Central Asia and South Asia otherwise known as the CASA-1000Project.
The major share of power will be used by Pakistan, while a relavely
smaller quanty of power (up to 300 MW) will be imported by
Afghanistan.
The HVAC transmission line route commences at the Datka substaon
in Kyrgyzstan and terminates at Khujand substaon in Tajikistan. The
HVDC converter staons are located at Sangtuda-1 (1,300 MW),
Kabul (300 MW) and Peshawar (1,300 MW)
The length of the transmission line route is:
450 km - 500 kV HVAC transmission line between Kyrgyzstan
(430 km) and Tajikistan (20 km)
750 km - 500 kV HVDC transmission line between Tajikistan (117
km) through Afghanistan (562 km) to Pakistan (71 km)
HVDC converter staons at Sangtuda-1 (1,300 MW), Kabul (300
MW) and Peshawar (1,300 MW)
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The following oil and gas companies are operang in Tajikistan:
Swiss-Tajik JV Somon Oil
SUE Naugaz va angishtJV Petroleum Sugd
OJSC Gazprom
CJSC Khasan K
LLC Shokhon
LLC Salosa
Producon sharing agreements have also been signed between the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the following companies:
Kulob Petrolium Limited
Somon Oil
Agreements between the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan and OJSC Gazprom on the general principles of
geological exploraon of the depths of oil and gas reserves
in prospecve areas of the Republic of Tajikistan have also
been signed.
OIL AND GAS
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Reserves of oil and gas are esmated to be 1,033.76 million tons of
condional fuel including:
oil 117.6 million tons including:
in the North 39.7 million tons
in the South 77.9 million tons
gas 857.4 billion m3, including
in the North 51 billion m3
in the South 806.4 billion m3
Geological seismic surveys were carried out at prospecve areas in the
volume:
1. CMP (common midpoint) 2D 2,230.4 running km2. CMP (common midpoint) 3D 338.5 km2
3. Gravimetric analysis 806 km2
4. Metric gradient, aerospace researches/exploraons 15,272.7 running
km
5. Implemented borings 25,747 m
FORECAST OIL AND GAS RESERVES
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There are signicant coal reserves of varying quality in the Republic of
Tajikistan: from the brown coal of Shurab to unique ultrapure anthracite
located in various areas of Nazar-Aylok.
These reserves mean that there is not only enough coal to supply both fueland the energy sector for decades to come, but also enough to establish a
chemical manufacturing industry.
Coal Reserves in the Republic of Tajikistan
COAL
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Coal
Coal Reserves 320,357
408,147Assessed Reserves
3638,0Forecast Reserves
mil.tons
100%
83,4%9,3%7,3%
4366,504Total
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Industry of the Republic of Tajikistan is diversied over more than 90 types
of producon.
Following the transion of the Republican economy to a market economy
and the privasaon of state property a number of enterprises have beenchanged into joint stock companies, private companies and joint ventures
with foreign capital.
Tajikistan has the largest deposits of silver, gold, iron, lead, anmony,
coal, common salt and precious stones in Central Asia and the CIS. These
resources provide sucient raw materials for mining, metal, chemical,
building and other industries.
Tajikistans Industry Development Concept sets out priority direconsfor the development of those branches of industry that meet the countrys
internal demand for essenal industrial goods and services and most
eciently use the countrys natural resources, raw materials, hydro-energy
and labour resources - thus promong a transion from the export of raw
materials to the producon and export of high quality goods and import-
substung products.
The Order of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan #175 dated 21
April 2012 On approval of the Plan for creaon of industrial enterprises
in the Republic of Tajikistan for 2012-2013 spulates the establishment
of 200 small and medium-sized enterprises in 2012 and an addional 124in 2013 resulng in a total of 324 enterprises creang 17,791 workplaces.
INDUSTRY OF TAJIKISTAN
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A wealth of mineral and agricultural raw material resources and a favourable
climate make Tajikistans prospects for industry aracve to foreign
investors.
Tajikistans legislave framework complies with internaonal normave
and legal acts which protect investors; facilitate mutually benecial and
eecve cooperaon and supports the countrys open-door and open
economic policy.
This has facilitated the development of integraon processes in the industry
of the republic with regard to mutual goods exchange, producon, technicaland technological acvies, as well as cooperaon of producon relaons
between enterprises both inside and outside the country.
The Ministry of Energy and Industry of the Republic of Tajikistan implements
many signed agreements on cooperaon and partnership with various
industries throughout the world.
PRIORITIES AND ATTRACTIVENESS
OF TAJIKISTANS INDUSTRY
The strategic goal of Tajikistans industrial policy is the producon of
nished products using the countrys own natural resources.
The measures pertaining to the achievement of Tajikistans strategic
industrial goals are specied in the 10 sector Programmes of theGovernment of the Republic of Tajikistan, which are:
Complete processing of ginned coon produced in the Republic of
Tajikistan for the period up to 2015;
Development of light industry of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2006-
2015;
Complete processing of cale-breeding materials (leather and wool)
to 2015;
Producon of childrens clothing in the Republic of Tajikistan unl
2015;
Reprocessing and output of
nished products from virgin
aluminium in 2007-2015;
Development of jewellery,
precious and colour stones industry
in 2009-2015;
Development of producon of
construcon materials ll 2015.
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Mechanical engineering is the catalyst for scienc-technical progress and
underpins producon in almost all industrial sectors of an economy.
At present there are 90 operaonal enterprises in the industry. 34
enterprises specialise in the producon of farm machinery: assembling oftractors, tractor spare parts etc., and the producon of non-standard units
and details for locomoves, aluminium plant, irrigaon construcons,
as well as various types of cables, transformers, chemical products and
consumer goods.
39 enterprises produce various building members and construcons
(bars, girders etc.), 3 enterprises produce energy ecient lamps and 14
enterprises produce plasc products, e.g. windows, doors, pipes of various
diameter, plasc boles, etc.
An iron-and-steel works is currently being constructed in Hisor districtwhich will use scrap and waste ferrous metal for the producon of metal
construcon products (reinforcement, angle bars, wires, etc.).
The design capacity of the rst stage of the works is 150,000 tons of metal
products every year.
Following the commissioning of all the producon capacies supported
by Shokadambulok iron ore deposit in Sogd region, the volume of metal
products outpued will increase to 400,000 tons a year. For the rst me
in the Republic of Tajikistan and in the region; steel and steel products will
be produced.
In Yavan district a cryolite plant is under construcon which will be supplied
by local uorite deposits in Takob with a capacity of:
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
aluminium uoride - 18,000 tons per year
cryolite 12,000 tons per year
sulphuric acid 100,000 tons per year
According to the Order of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
#175 dated 21 April 2012, 16 new producons will be created in the
industry in 2012-2013 while the range of products is expected to be
increased toward 2015.
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The mining industry includes the extracon and processing of mineral
resources such as zinc, lead, anmony, quicksilver, fel uorspar, tungsten
and molybdenum, as well as the development of black coal, oil and gas, rock
salt, rare and precious metals, loose elements, precious, semiprecious andtrim stones, building materials and mining chemical feedstock.
More than 600 deposits are currently being explored of which more than
100 are currently operaonal and producing more than 50 types of raw
materials and coal. In 1991-2011 nine new mining enterprises and six
jewellery enterprises were established.
Currently, at LLC mining and processing works Anzob construcon is
taking place of a new iron and steel shop for the nal processing of local raw
materials and there are plans over the coming years for a new facility at the
Adrasman works which will allow the producon of zinc concentrate and
silver to recommence. The design and creaon of a new manufacturing entyon the Konimansuri Kalon metalliferous deposits will also be completed.
Construcon of a gold rening enterprise with a capacity of 5 tons per year
was completed in 2012 and the construcon of a copper casng enterprise
with a capacity of 5,000 tons per year will be started by 2015.
Tajikistans main gold producers are
LLC JV Zarafshon,
LLC JV Aprelevka,
GSKP Tilloi Tojik,
Gold Diggers Teams Odina and Pamir,
LLC JV Tacom Gold,
OSKP Ganj.
MINING INDUSTRY
The recommencement of the extracon of gold at Chore, Skalnoe,
Pakrut, Duobai Sharqi and other mines will facilitate an increase in
industrial gold producon. This programme also covers the creaon of
10 jewellery and stone development enterprises by 2015.In accordance with the Order of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan #175 dated 21 April 2012 18 new enterprises in the mining
industry are expected to be created between 2012-2013.
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Tajikistan is the world leader in non-metallic raw material reserves for the
producon of construcon materials. More than 400 deposits represenng
30 dierent types of raw materials for the development of industry
construcon materials have been discovered.In the 1990s only 30 enterprises involved in the producon of construcon
materials were operaonal but by 2012 this had increased to 167. At present,
construcon materials using local raw materials are produced by a mixture
of 8 small and large cement plants, 83 brick-making plants, 62 enterprises
for the producon of non-metallic products, 6 stone-working enterprises, 6
small enterprises producing lime, gypsum and others.
Cement plant LLC Huaxin Gaur Cement with an annual capacity of over
1 million tons has been completed in Yavan district while an addional 2
plants, each with a capacity of 1 million tons of cement, will be constructed
in Dangara and Shaartuz districts over the coming years.
In addion, small cement plants with an annual capacity of 50,000 tons will
be constructed in Vahdat city LLC Vahdat Hualing and in Vanj district.
Producon capacity of LLC Sughd cement will be increased to 1 million
tons of cement per year.
According to the Order of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan #175
dated 21 April 2012, 55 new enterprises producing cement, bricks, building
glass, facing materials, stone-working plants and others are expected to be
created between 2012 - 2013.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INDUSTRY
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Light industry comprises numerous industries the largest of which are as
follows: texle 24 enterprises with a total processing capacity of 75,000
tons of ginned coon; 74 clothing enterprises, 4 enterprises for processing
silk worm and 1 factory for the producon of silk cloths, 11 enterprises witha processing capacity of 2,200,000 pieces of hides and 700 tons of wool; 3
leather and foot-wear enterprises.
Llight industry also includes the carpet factory LLC Kolinhoi Kayrakkum,
6 enterprises on furniture manufacturing such as LLC Intermebel, LLC
Europlast, LLC Imperia, LLC Tajikmebel, as well as enterprises OJSC
Nasa and LLC Navruz producing hosiery.
Over the last 3 years 50 new middle-size and large enterprises have been
created including Hima Texle in Yavan (processing of 4,000 tons of ginned
coon), Spitamen Texle (processing of 3,500 tons of ginned coon), LLC
Resandai Khatlon (Bohtar district), Toj-Ros Tex under LLC Texle, LLCFares, CJSC Olim Texle and LLC Niku Khujand (processing capacity
is 1,200-2,500 tons of coon), Yokut Dushanbe city, texle and clothing
manufacturing in the cies of Nurek, Dangara, Khorog and others.
According to the programmes being implemented in the light industry sector
15 coon processing enterprises with a nal product output are expected to
be constructed by 2022.
According to the Order of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan #
175 dated 21 April 2012, 62 new enterprises, mainly for the producon of
clothing for schoolchildren, processing of leather and wool, complete cycleof processing ginned coon and the processing of silkworms will be created
in the industry between 2012 - 2013.
LIGHT INDUSTRY
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Ministry of Energy and Industry22 Rudaki Avenue, Dushanbe 734012
Tel: (+992 37) 221-69-97/221-88-89
Fax: (+992 37) 221-82-81
E-mail: [email protected]