Cultures and Stereotypes. ENLIGHTENMENT What is an American?

Cultures and Stereotypes

ENLIGHTENMENT

What is an American?

What is an American?

• Write a response to the question above.

• Explain your answer in 3-5 complete sentences

American Culture

Blending of Native Americans, Europeans and African cultures

• Social Classes– Gentry

• Wealthy planter, merchants, ministers, lawyers and royal officials

– Middle Class• Farmers, skilled craftsmen

and trades people• 3/4ths of colonists

– Lowest Class• Hired farmhands,

indentured servants and slaves

Women

• Took care of the household– Backcountry

• Often worked with husband in fields

– Cities• Worked as

midwives, maid, cook or nurse

• Some allowed to take over husband’s business if he died

Africans• Southern colonies

– More than ½ were African

– Worked on plantations, docks, shipbuilding and crafts

• More men than women– Families remained

small

Great Awakening1730-40s

• Traveling Ministers– ‘Old Lights’ vs ‘New

Lights’• Believed inner emotion

more imporatnt than outward religious behaviour

• Led to bitter debates about religion and life

Religion had become dull, dryPeople had lost passion for it

• Brought– More tolerance

• Many left church and formed new ones

• Many different beliefs and lifestyles

• Challenged– Political and social authority

• Encouraged– equality

Jonathan Edwards

• New England Preacher• Called on colonists to

examine their lives closely

• “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”– Intense images of God’s

anger– Could only be saved by

grace• George Whitefield

– Raised funds for orphans

– Called on sinners to reform during outdoor meetings

"There is nothing that keeps wicked men at any one moment out of hell, but the mere pleasure of God."

Education

Established Princeton and Brown universitites

• New England– Most concerned with

education– 1647 Mass passed

Education law• Ordered parents to teach

children• Towns with 50 families

must hire teachers• Established public

schools– Allowed rich and poor to

be educated• Apprenctice System

– Worked for master to learn trade or craft

• Slaves– No education allowed

Representative

GovernmentRights of English Citizens

• Royal governor– Directed colony and

enforced laws– Appointed by king or

proprietor

• Colonial Assemblies– Upper house

• Appointed by royal governor as advisors

– Lower house• Elected by citizens• Approved laws and

taxes

• People– Only white males

over age 21– Had to own property

Glorious Revolution1688• Parliament removed King James

II (Catholic)– Raised in France; friends with

Louis XIV– Persecuted Protestants– Mary Beatrice (2nd wife)

• Had baby boy• Exiled to France

• Asked William of Orange and Mary (daughter-Protestant) of Netherlands to rule England

1689 • English Bill of Rights– Protected rights of individuals (white

males)– Allowed trial by jury– Government could pass new taxes

and raise army only with approval of Parliament

Enlightenment

Late 1600-early 1700s• Emphasized reason

and science as paths to knowledge

• Appealed to wealthy and educated

Began in Europe

• Natural Laws– Sir Isaac Newton

• Law of gravity

• Natural Rights– John Locke

• Life, liberty, property

• The Big Bang Theory (8 min)– Sheldon vs Pizza Guy– An Unsolvable Problem– Friendship Algorithm– Rock Paper Scissors Lizard Spock– Starch and Water

Benjamin FranklinSelf-made and self-educated

• Born in 1706• Only 2 years of formal

schooling• Studied literature,

mathematics and foreign languages

• Worked as printer in Philadelphia (17 years)

Used reason to improve society

• Electricity experiment (1752)• Volunteer fire department• Lending library• Bi-focals, stove, paved roads

Poor Richard’s Almanac• Dec 28, 1732 (1758)• Written by pseudonym

Richard Saunders and wife Bridget

• Contained– Continuing stories– Weather forecasts– Household hints– Puzzles and math

problems– Advice meant to

teach

Your Assignment

• There are no gains without pains

• He that lies down with dogs shall rise up with fleas

• Love your enemies for they tell you your faults

• Fish and visitors stink in three days

• Eat to live, and not live to eat

• Write 5 sayings of your own and explain the meaning of each• Pick one piece of advice and create a picture to illustrate it

(no letters or numbers)• Colour your picture; be creative

• Mom’s Song

Your Assignme

nt• Write 5 original sayings of your own and explain the meaning of each• Pick one piece of advice and create a picture to illustrate it (8x11

paper; no letters or numbers)• Colour your picture; be creative• Due Mon, Oct 24, 2011 with notes, etc

There are no gains

without pains

The End

Grading RubricWhat is an American?

0 5 10

American Culture

0 5

Great Awakening

0 5

Enlightenment

0 5

Representative Government

0 5

Glorious Revolution

0 5

5 Sayings and meanings

0 5 10

Picture of saying,

coloured

0 5

TOTALFinal Score_________/50

Name _____________________ Period ______

Corrected by __your name ________