Culture and Civilization of Early Filipinos

Social Living and Global Education

Grade 8

Mr. Joemar T. Magante

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Custom 1:

Man belongs to one class marries a woman of the same class.

Ex. A man from the nobles class will marry the woman from the nobles class.

A man from the dependents class will marry a dependent woman.

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Custom 2:

It is possible to marry anyone from the other class.

Ex. A noble man can marry a dependent woman. Datu can marry a woman from the workers class (Timawa).

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• The legitimate wife is called the “asawa”.

• The other women are called “friends”.

• Children of the wife considered legitimate and can be the heir.

• Children of the other women are called illegitimate and cannot inherit property from their father.

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• Men are required to serve the girl’s parents for months and even years.

• He was not supposed to talk with the lady.

For parents consent, several conditions must be met by the man:

a. Dowry – land, gold or dependents.

b. Panghimuyat – sum of money for parents

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c. Bigay-suso – given to the nanny or helper

d. Himaraw – payment for feeding the girl during infancy

Payments are arranged directly by the parents of both party. This is called “pamumulungan” or “pamamalae”

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• Clothes are made from cotton, silk and plant fibers.

Men’s Clothing

a. Cangan – short sleeved jacket

b. Bahag – strip of cloth that is wrapped around the legs and hips

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Women’s clothing

a. Baro – blouse with big sleeves

b. Saya – loose skirt

c. Tapis – piece of cloth wrapped around the waist

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As part of the customs, tattooing is popular among them.

• It is a symbol of beauty and bravery.

• For men, more persons killed in battle is signified by having more tattoos in the body.

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• They have different forms of literature such as epics, legends, songs, maxims and sayings.

• Songs are sometimes accompanied by dancing and drama.

• Verses are recited.

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“Hayo na’t dimuhin ang bato mong puso

Sa pait ng aking luhang tumutulo,

Nang ang mailap mong awa’y nang umani

Sa walang hangganang tapat kong pagsuyo.”

Let thy hard-heart be softened

By my bitter tears flowing,

That you may take pity

On my sincere and boundless love.

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• Filipinos have their own system of writing called the “baybayin”

• According to Father Pedro Chirino, the baybayin contains the following characteristics of the four greatest languages of the world:

a. Hebrew – mysticism and difficulty

b. Greek – distinctive terms

c. Latin – elegance in writing

d. Spanish – civility and courtesy

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• They used various methods in catching fish using nets, bow and arrows, spear and hooks.

• Early Filipinos are proficient in building vessels (Ship-building and lumbering)

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• Crafted metals into weapons and swords called as “kampilan”

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• Before Roman Catholism and Islam were introduced, natives worshipped many gods and goddesses.

1. Bathala – supreme being

2. Idiyanale – god of agriculture

3. Sidapa – god of death

4. Agni – god of fire

5. Balangaw – god of rainbow

6. Mandarangan – god of war

7. Lalahon – god of harvest

8. Siginarugan – god of hell

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• They also believed in the immortality of souls and life after death.

• There were sacred animals, which they venerate like white monkey (manaul) and crocodiles.

• There were also sacred place and sacred trees, which nobody was allowed to cut down.

• They also worshipped the sun and the moon.

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• Veneration of the soul-spirits was universal and termed as the “Cult of the Dead”.

• Ancient Filipinos adored idols called “anitos”.

• They are offered prayers and food for good harvest and good fortune.

• Nipa hut is an example of Filipino architecture.

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• Tattooing – geometrical, symmetrical

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• Gold statues

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Manunggul Jar