Cultural Stratigraphy of the Site Gradishte Near Pelince, Republic of Macedonia - Dejan S. Gjorgjievski

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Гласник Српског археолошког друштва Journal of Serbian Archaeological Society

28 (2012) 7–30.

CULTURAL STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SITE GRADIŠTENEAR PELINCE, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Dejan S. Gjorgjievski National Institution Museum of Kumanovo, Republic of Macedonia

e-mail: [email protected] Original research article

Received: 29. 2. 2012. UDC: 902.62”637/638”(497.17)

Accepted: 6. 7. 2012.

Abstract: The site Gradište is a typical hill fort with intensity of living from the Bronze

Age. Already in the Late Bronze Age, the settlement which belonged to the Brnjica culture

was destroyed and a strong fortication was build. Due to its location, at the border zone

between North, East and South Balkan, the culture developed there was under inuence

both by Dardanians, Tribalians, Thracians and South Paeonian tribes.

Key words: Transitional period, Iron Age, Channelled pottery, Pottery decorated with

false cord, Pottery decorated with rectangular impressions, Pčinja culture group, Darda-

nians, Paeonians, Thraco-Tribalian complex

Aпстракт: Локалитет Градиште је типично утврђење које је било интензивно

насељено још у бронзаном добу. У касном бронзаном добу, насеље брњичке културе

је уништено, после чега је добило јаку фортификацију. Због његовог положаја на

граници између северног, источног и јужног Балкана, култура која се овде развилабила је под утицајем дарданских, трибалских, трачких и јужнопеонских племена.

Кључне речи: прелазни период, гвоздено доба, канелована керамика, керамика у-

крашена лажним шнуром, керамика украшена правоуглим отисцима, пчињска кул-

турна група, Дарданци, Пеонци, трако-трибалски комплекс





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D. Gjorgjievski Cultural Stratigraphy of the Site Gradište near Pelince...

The site is located inthe vicinity of the meeting

point of two very importantroads – the rst one, whichis following the valley ofPčinja, is connecting SouthMorava valley with Pčinja,and therefore, the Vardarvalley; and the other one isfollowing the bank of Kriva

Reka, connecting this regionwith Southwestern Bulgaria(the Strymon/Struma re-gion). This is the reason whythis site appears as a contactzone between the culturesthat existed at all historical periods on the south of the

Balkan Peninsula.

Map 2. The location of the siteКарта 2. Положај локалитета

Fig. 1. Plan of the siteСл. 1. План локалитета



ГСАД/JSAS 28 (2012) Истраживачки радови и расправе

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Few chance nds of roman coins, speaks that even in the Roman period, a small part of the hill was in use for living. However, the rst ar-

chaeologically conrmed horizon of habitation is the early antique horizon(VI–V B.C.) Majority of pottery from this horizon belongs to the groupknown as early antique grey ware (Pl. I/1–11). This wheel-made type of pottery can be found on a large area – from Macedonia (Соколовска 1993,141–148; Атанасова и Карпузова 2006, 115–139; Stokke 2009, 12–13) toSouthern Serbia (Микулчић и Јовановић 1968, Т. XI–XVIII; Vukmanovići Popović 1982, 20 –202; Антић и Бабић 2005, 213–227; Popović 2003,197–215; 2005, 166–167; 2006, 528; 2007, 131; 2009, 141–153), Eastern

Kosovo (Dašić 1957, T. III 1; T. IV 1, 2; Srejović 1973, pl. III, g. 5–7, 9;Ðurić 1970, 291), and Southwestern Bulgaria (Чангова 1981, 82–94).Most of the pottery forms belongs to the large vessels with rims

curved to the outside (Pl. I/1), cups with at rim (Pl. I/4, 5), bowls with ator curved to the inside rim, sometimes with dents on it (Pl. I/6, 9, 11). Theornamentation is minimal, with plastic ribs under the rim or on body (Pl.I/3, 10), and rarely, with stamped tear-like ornaments (Pl. I/8). One of thefragments has rectangular imprints, typical for hand-made poterry from

the Iron Age period (Pl. I/7). It`s usefull to point that, among the wheelmade grey wares, the hand made pottery with the Iron Age ornaments wasstill in use.

According to analogies with the other sites, we can determine thismaterial in the V c. B.C.

Smaller traces of house walls, build with stone are discovered inthis horizon. They look modestly comparing with the buildings from Gra-diste–Knezje (Matthews and Neidinger 2011, 15–17) or Kale–Krsevica

(Popović 2006, 523–526), but again, they don’t need to be necessarilyidentied as house-rooms, since we don’t have any traces of oven or col-umn foundations.

Under this layer, few fragments of wheel made, ocher or red potterywas discovered. Mostly of those pieces are decorated with engraved, wave-like lines (Pl. I/12). Contemporary with them is a fragment which belongsto the so-called lower Vardar mat – painted pottery (Pl. I/13) (Митревски1997, 119). Most of the pottery with this type of decoration is found inGevgelia-Valandovo region (Митревски 1997, сл. 31). A few examplesare discovered as a deposition in the necropolises along the Bregalnicariver (Митревски 1997, 121). So far, the fragment from Pelince is the



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northernmost nd of lower Vardar mat – painted pottery, which is a typical pottery among the Paeonian communities on the south, dated in the second

half of the VI c. B.C.Following the stratigraphy of the site, the previous horizon is theIron Age horizon (VII c.B.C, HaC). Most common pottery shapes for thishorizon are handmade bowls, often with smooth and solid surface, andwith rims curved to the inside (Pl. II/3, 10, 11), large storage jugs (Pl. II/4,5, 7), portable cooking vessels (pyranoi), kantharoid cups (Pl. II/8) and allthe other representatives of house pottery. Most of the handles are horizon-tal, with circular prole (Pl. II/7), but there are few examples of vertical,

triangular perforated handles (Pl. II/9). On some of the bowls, trapezoidhandles on the rim also appears (Pl. II/11). Dominating ornaments for this period are rectangular impressions without groove (Pl. II/6, 7, 10, 11),made with special ceramic tool with tooth. This type of ornamentation ismost recognizable for the Iron Age in the NE Macedonia (Гарашанин иГарашанин 1959, 35, сл. 1–3, 11–12, 48; Микулчић 1959, сл. 6; Георгиев1991, 94, 96, sl. 1, 2, 4; 1992, 109, 114, сл. 3–4; 1994, 21–23, T. II), SSerbia – Vranje – Bujanovac region, south of Grdelica (Vukmanović and

Popović 1982, 204–206; Bulatović 2009, 63), Eаst Kosovo (Đurić 1970,281–303) and the Upper Struma region – Pernik (Михайлов 2006, Т. V, 1,2, 4–6, 8, 10–11, T. VI, 2, 12).Another type of ornament is half-moon impression (Pl. II/3), appearinglater than the previous (VII–VI c.B.C.). The half-moon ornament is at-tested on the same territory where rectangular impressions are located(Гарашанин и Гарашанин 1959, 35; Микулчић 1959, сл. 9; Георгиев1994, 23–26; Булатовић 2007, T. LXXII, 4; T. LXXXI, 5; T. LXXXII, 21)

but it can be found at Raskopanica – Plovdiv (Detev 1981, 147, g. 58),Malkoto Kale – Varna (Домарадски и др. 1992, 36, obr. 17d), and VelikaMorava valley (Stojić 1986, 52), as well.

Two fragments decorated with so-called tremolo lines, typical forthe late phase of Basarabi culture or so-called Laniste II – Basarabi (Stojić1986, 101–102) are also found in this layer (Pl. II/1, 2). This type of pot-tery can be found on a wide area north from Grdelica, but it also appears inSW Serbia – Buštranje, and Northern Macedonia – Volkovo (Stojić 2001,185–191). So far, on none of the site dated in the VII century in the Pčinjaor Bregalnica Valley, the tremolo pottery isn’t found, so, besides nds fromVolkovo (Skopje), this is southernmost region with this examples.




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Few fragments are also unknown for this region – they are deco-rated with engraved geometrical motives, mostly parallel horizontal and

vertical lines that frame triangles (Pl. II/4, 5). Majority of the pottery (especially the large, black plates) are channeled and facetted, horizontally orvertically (Pl. II/10).

So far, not a single foundation of the house from this period is dis-covered, although there is a large amount of house pottery.

The Early Iron Age horizon (IX – VIIIc. B.C., HaB1 – HaB

3) is

recognizable through bowls with inverted rims (Pl. III/1–3), jugs with rimscurved to the outside (Pl. III/8), pyranoi, jugs with diagonally cut spout

(Pl. III/4) etc. Almost 90 % of the fragments are ornamented with rows ofrhomboid impresions in the groove - the fals cord ornament (Pl. III/3–5).The fals cord is stamped on the inner side of the rims, the handles, theneck, and on the body of the dishes. Chronologically, it appears before therectangular impressions, but it will be widely accepted, and it will be inuse through the whole Iron Age (Георгиев 1994, 18–21).

There are fragments decorated with features that are untypical forthis region. First, there are two fragments with „S“ stamps (Pl. III/1, 2),

common for the classical Bassarabi pottery (Czybora 2005, 33–34, with bibliography), previously noticed on the neighboring iron age sites – Vel- ja Strana – Rugince and Blidez – Vrazogrnce, Kratovo region (Георгиев1992, 105–118; 1993, 85, T. I, 1, 2). This type of decoration is very rarein the area south of Lower South Morava valley, but there are few ndsfrom the region of Vranje (Булатовић 2007, T. V, 32, 37, 43, 44), and it’swell attested at Pernik also (Mихайлов 2005, 23, Т. III, 6; T. V, 14, 15; T.VI, 6, 16). Another type of ornament is connecting Pelince with Pernik –

it is a so called sh-bone decoration (Mихайлов 2005, 23, T. III, 1), herein combination with encrusted triangles and/or horizontal channels (Pl.III/6–8). Until now, this type of ornaments was unknown for the territoryof R. Macedonia, and they are lacking in the South Morava valley andEastern Kosovo also. It is attested in the area of Southwestern Bulgaria(Pernik, Galabnik), but the chronology is different – the Late Bronze Agefor Galabnik (Георгиева 2003, 164, T. III, 11) and the Iron Age for Krakra,Pernik. At Pelince, all of the fragments are from a single layer, contempo-rary with the „S“ stamps, and therefore, they are from the Early Iron Age.

There are remains of houses from this layer, with rectangularshapes, stone walls with plaster from the inside, and columns with circular



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stone foundation for better support.Beneath it, there’s beginning to appear a soil mixed with ashes and

traces of re. It is obvious that the settlement under this layer was de-stroyed. Above the destroyed settlement, fragments of inverted facettedrims (Pl. IV/6, 7), sometimes ornamented with oval stamps (Pl. IV/1, 2),smaller vessels decorated with engraved lines and impressed circles (Pl.IV/3), horizontal handles with impressed circles (Pl. IV/4) and large disheswith incised elongated triangles (Pl. IV/5) are the only nds.

This horizon is preserved mostly on the north half of the site, closeto its edges, and always mixed with ash. No building foundations have yet

been discovered.The previous horizon is very thin, preserved sporadically, and itcan’t be followed through the whole area. Very indicative for the chronol-ogy of the layer are „S“ proled bowls and „nipple“ handles (Pl. V/1) ,large dishes with diagonally cut rim and nger imprints imitating channels(Pl. V/2), „knee“ handles with a fan-like broadening at the top (Pl. V/12)and rims with ring on the inner part – the brnjica type of rims (Pl. V/3). Theornaments are engraved triangles lled with large, oval imprints (Pl. V/4,

5), incised triangles (Pl. V/6–8) and groups of vertically and horizontallyincised lines (Pl. V/9, 11).The nds from this layer have been dated in the Early Bronze Age,

as a result of a conclusion that the people who were using the nearby sanc-tuary lived on the plateau of the hill (Георгиев 1991, 93; Ѓеорѓиевски1992, T. VIII, 1–4; Трајковска 1998, 8). But, the brnjica type of rims,„S“ proled bowls and the decoration speaks that all of the ndings fromthis layer are from the Late Bronze Age (Стојић 2001, Т. I, 10, 18–22;

Булатовић 2005, Т. I, 4, 8; T. II, 1, 3; 2007, T. IV, 26), which doesn’t meanthat we should not expect the Early Bronze Age horizon to be unearthedsomewhere on the site.

As a conclusion, the oldest conrmed settlement on the Gradistehill can be dated in the late bronze age. According to the typical potteryshapes, it can be included in the so-called brnjica cultural group (BrnjicaIB according to Stojić; BrD – HaA

1 according to Reinecke). The settle-

ment was destroyed in a re, which resulted with building fortications inthe next period. The defensive tumulus and a row were added on its east-ern side, which is connected with the surrounding hills, and therefore, it isthe most vulnerable point. Above the oldest settlement, the new one was




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build, with a majority of channeled pottery with northern origin,1 and thisdata allows us to include this site in to the group of the other late bronze

age sites who were destroyed in the migration period – HaA2 (Булатовић2007, 38–41). But, the habitation continued, and we nd the rst orna-ments with oval stamps and elongated triangles on the adopted shapes ofnorthern origin, together with the evaluated autochthones shapes. That isan occurrence typical for the most of the sites from the transitional periodin the South Morava and Pčinja Basin (Bulatović 2009, 61–62).

The Early Iron Age is recognizable by the domination of stamped pottery – mostly with false cord, but sometimes, a different ornaments

were used – the „S“ stamps and „sh-bone“ stamps. The false cord orna-ment is common among the most of the Early Iron Age sites in the North-east Macedonia, Southern Serbia and Western Bulgaria (see above), butthe other two ornament types are lacking in the region of Upper Vardar,Pčinja and Bregalnica Basin.

The iron age is represented with variety of pottery shapes, deco-rated with rectangular imprints and half-moon stamps. The fragments withtremolo lines can be dated in the second half of the VII c. B.C., before the

rst wheel-made examples, decorated in the manner of Lower Vardar pot-tery.In the early antique horizon, the gray pottery with hellenized and

autochthones shapes is dominating. Since there aren’t nds from the Hel-lenistic period (IV – III c. B.C.), we believe that at the beginning of thesecond half of the IV century, the settlement was abandoned.

A few years ago, there was a theory that all of the LBA/IA sitesalong the Upper South Morava and Pčinja Basin, on which identical de-velopment of pottery shapes and ornamentation as at Pelince were noticed,should be threatened as a single cultural group – Pčinja group (Bulatović2009, 57–82). We believe that in this group, most of the sites from Bregal-nica Basin and Ovce Pole should be included as well, since there is identi-cal evolution of pottery shapes and ornaments in the EAE and IA period 2 (Георгиев 1994, 15–31; Nacev 2009, 34–36). However, the fragments with„S“ stamps, sh-bone ornaments and the tremolo lines clearly shows inu-ence from the Basarabi culture. Only the future excavations will show us

1 Type Gava-Belegis II, or, more correctly, channeled pottery type from Iron Age Ib of theMorava Culture (Stojić 1986, 90–92; Bulatović 2009, fn. 9).2 The transitional period is still unknown for this area.



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whether those contacts came from the north (following the South MoravaBasin) or there was a penetration from the east, along the Kriva Reka and

Dragovistica valley, and did those incursions had an ethnic implicationsfor the region.Speaking about the ethnicity of Pčinja cultural group, there are

three different opinions: the bearers were Dardanians, Paeonians (Agri-anes) and Thraco-Tribalian mixture.

The Dardanian theory is based on the similar evolution of thestamped and engraved pottery and the later appearance of the grey wareon the territory were, in LBA, the Brnjica cultural group (created by the

proto-dardanians) had its evolution (Srejović 1973, 62 ff; Stojić 2003,119–142; Tasić 2003, 39–62; 2003a: 69; Bulatović 2009, 64–66). We be-lieve that, as rst, it is almost impossible to connect the settlers of thePčinja region from the LBA with the Dardanians mentioned in the IV–IIIc. B.C., since there is an almost one millennium gap (for the historicalsources about Dardanians, see: Papazoglu 1969, 104–208). At that period, probably none of the Brnjica group settlements remains untouched fromthe foreign incursions, especially in the migrations that followed in the

transitional period (Булатовић 2009, 102–104). The adopted pottery ofnorthern origin speaks that many of those tribes, on their way to south,stayed here for a long time, and there must have been an ethnic implica-tions as well, that lead to a disintegration of the previous culture (Лазић2008, 53–74). As second, the pottery decorated with the rectangular imprints is registered on a wide territory - NE Macedonia, Southern Serbiaand Kosovo and SW Bulgaria, a territory which does not correspondedwith the descriptions that we have about the Dardanians. And, as third,the period when the Dardanians will be mentioned in the antique sourcesfor the rst time as the inhabitants of this region and hostile neighbors ofPaeonians (Polyaenus IV: 12,3) and Thracian Maedi (Strabo VII. 5.7) -i.e.IV c. B.C., correspond with the abandonment of the sites that were in usethrough the whole LBA, transitional and Iron Age period (Ѓеорѓиевски1993, 56; Микулчиќ 1982, 20–21; Георгиев 1991, 101).

The archaeological excavations carried out in the region whereBrnjica cultural group was attested could give us similar conclusions aswell. If we assume that the spiritual culture is much more indicative thanthe material culture, then the different types of burials registered in thePčinja valley and Vranje-Bujanovac region – inhumation under tumuli




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or at necropolises (Санев 1966; Трајковска 1994, 19, сл. 4; Булатовић1996–1997, 5–14; Станковски 2006, 93–114; 2008, 135–152) and the

ones registered on Kosovo – cremation (Тасић 1999, 172–184; Luci 2007,347–359) is another argument that there was at least two different cul-tural groups in the pointed region (Bulatović 2009, 64; Stojić 2006, 73– 84). As a contrast to the tumuli burials in Strnovac (Станковски 2008,135–152), stands, almost contemporary, the cremations from Hipodrom,Skopje (Mitrevski 1994, 115–124) and the cremations from Western Ne-cropolis at Stobi3 (Митревски 1997, 313). But, again, except the burialritual of cremation (which is common for the Central European Urneld

culture), there are no typological features of the Brnjica material culture4

.This speaks that, so far, there is a big lack of arguments for including thecommunities from Pčinja and Upper Vardar region among the bearers ofthe Brnjica cultural group, and thus, connected them with the Dardanians.

The ethnicity from the Pčinja region was identied with Peoniansas well (Hammond 1972, 82–83; Соколовска 1990, 9–35; Митревски1997, 194–196; Petrova 1999, 67–71; Garašanin 1997, 44–45) . Some ofthe scholars are going further, and indentied the tribe as Agrianes. The

ancient sources are single voiced in locating the tribe of Agrianes in theUpper Struma region, that is, at its source (Strabo VII. Frg. 36, 37; Thy-cidides II. 96.3). But, for almost 20 years, the western boundaries of theterritory of the Agrianes has been located near the source of Vardar, at NWof Macedonia, and as a result of this opinion, all the territories betweenthose two river-sources (including the Pčinja region) are ascribed to Agri-anes (Соколовска 1990, 9–35; Георгиев 1992, 94, 95; Соколовска 1995,37, 38; Митревски 1997, 194–196; Petrova 1999, 61; Соколовска 2005,

137; 2011, 215–245). As a main argument, the fragment 36 of well knownGeography of Strabo, book VII, is used, in which, according to scholars,Strabo strictly says that not only the source of Strymon, but the source ofAxius (Vardar) is on the territory of Agrianes. But, actually, Strabo onlystates that „Not only the Axius ows out of the country of the Paeonians, but also the Strymon, for it ows out of the country of the Agrianes throughthat of the Medi and Sinti and empties into the parts that are between theBisaltae and the Odomantes“ (Strabo VII, Fr. 36). Therefore, the territoryof Northern Macedonia was never attested as the homeland of Agrianes,

3 Notice their position on the main Balkan communication.4 No brnjica type of rims, or bi-conical extensions on the handles are among the nds.



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and knowing almost nothing about the Iron Age and Early Antique periodat the area of Vardar source (Polog region), the attribution of those territo-

ries to Paeonians should be treated with caution.Still, there are enough arguments for presupposing the Peonianethnicity in the Pčinja region. It is obvious that in the Iron Age, the samecultural manifestations visible at Bregalnica (Astibo) region (which, in theearly antique period is attested as Paeonian area) are recognizable in thewhole NE Macedonia, including Pčinja valley. As rst, the common burialritual of inhumation under tumuli or at necropolises (Mитревски 1997,87–96), the presence of macedonian (paeonian) cult bronzes (Митревски

1988, 83–103) and the priestess burials (Mitrevski 2007, 563–583; Te-mov 2007, 657–667), the presence of Lower Vardar matt painted pottery,the coins of Derones (Петрова 1994, 9–16; Mитровић 2005, 59–87), theimplement of the Doric order on the buildings (Мatthews and Neidinger2011, 15–17) and other common manifestations of the civilization seemsenough to include those tribes in the northern Paeonian koine. Moreover,there is continuity in the evolution of the pottery shapes and ornamenta-tion, along with the burial ritual from Eаrly Iron Age to the period when

the independent Paeonians from Thucydides (II. 96 seq.) description ofSitalkes` invasion of Macedonia in 429 B.C., appears beyond the upperow of Strymon , i.e. in the Ovce Pole and Bregalnica region. Those re-gions, as we saw, have similar features with the sites from Pčinja valley,and were part of the same cultural group.

The Thraco-Tribalian theory is based on a previously publishedmaterials with “S” stamps, a type of decoration that is typical for the so-called Bassarabi culture (Георгиев 1992, 116, 117; 1993, 81–96; 1994,

17, 18). New founds of the same type from Pelince and Vranje region,as well as the tremolo pottery discovered at Pelince and Volkovo, speaksthat Bassarabi inuence is not an isolated case, and, at least, its speaks ofdeveloped contacts with the Thraco-Tribalian region. This connectionscontinued in the early antique period as well, since we have a distributionof the so called Thracian bulae in the Pčinja valley – Makreš (Георгиев1991, 97, сл. 6/10) and Katlanovo (Ристов 1999, 113–134).5 Whetherthose contact resulted with a mixing of ethnicity in the NE Macedonia

5 Another two examples of this type of unknown provenance are in the museum of Ku-manovo (unpublished). For the western penetration of Thracian bulae, see Vasić 2000,13–20.




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region, as Z. Georgiev concluded almost 20 years ago, should be a matterof future investigations.

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Дејан С. ЂорђиевскиНационална установа Музеј Куманово

Република Македонија

КУЛТУРНА СТРАТИГРАФИЈА ЛОКАЛИТЕТА ГРАДИШТЕ УБЛИЗИНИ СЕЛА ПЕЛИНЦА, РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА

Резиме

Градиште код села Пелинцa је најсевернији македонски лока-литет, само 5 km удаљен од српске границе. Налази се на десној обалиПчиње, у близини раскршћа две веома важне трасе – једне, која пре-ко долине Пчиње повезује Врањско-бујановачки регион са долиномВардара, и друге, која спаја северне области Републике Македонијеса западном Бугарском (карте 1–2, сл.1).

Најстарији археолошки потврђен хоризонт на локалитету по-тиче из касног бронзаног доба. Веома је оштећен каснијим укопима и

не може се сагледати у целини. Према малом броју налаза (Т. V), очиг-ледно је да припада брњичкој култури (Брњица II, BrD – HaA1) и да је

страдао у једном таласу миграције носилаца канеловане керамике.После рушења аутохтоног насеља, изграђени су утврђење и

одбрамбени ров са тумулом на источној страни. Налази из прелазногпериода нису довољни да се изгради боља стратиграфска слика; ипак,очигледно је да је на слоју пепела који покрива хоризонт из касногбронзаног доба присутна канелована керамика (T. IV/6, 7), која је спо-

радично украшавана овалним убодима (T. IV/1–4), а затим и убоди-ма у виду ситних издужених троуглова (HaA2 – HaB

1) (T. IV/5), да би

већ у раном гвозденом добу (HaB1 – HaB

3) доминантан мотив постао

лажни шнур (T. III/3–5), али се јављају и други жигосани мотиви: S(T. III/1, 2) и мотив рибље кости (T. III/6–8). Старија фаза гвозденогдоба (HaC) обележена је употребом керамике украшене правоугао-ним отисцима у низу, без жлеба (T. II/6, 7, 10, 11), а касније се јављајуи други мотиви – полумесечасти жигови (T. II/3) и тремоло керамика(T. II/1, 2).

Током VI века п.н.е. јављају се и прве посуде израђене на ви-тлу, украшене у маниру доњовардарске тракасто бојене керамикe (T.




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I/13), да би већ у V веку п.н.е. сива керамика постала доминантна (T.I/1–11). Због недостатка налаза који би се могли датовати у IV–III век

п.н.е., можемо закључити да се живот на овом месту тада завршио.Преглед развоја керамике и начина њеног украшавања пока-зује да се Градиште може уврстити у типичне локалитете пчињскекултурне групе. Историјски извори су оскудни у погледу описа ове регије, па је скоро немогуће закључити ко су били носиоци ове култу- ре. Локалитет је на граници између пеонских, дарданских и трачкихплемена, чији су утицаји очигледни.



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Pl. I Wheel made potteryT. I Керамика рађена на витлу



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Pl. II Iron Age potteryT. II Керамика из гвозденог доба





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Pl. IV Pottery of the Transitional periodT. IV Керамика из прелазног периода



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Pl. V Late Bronze Age potteryT. V Керамика из касног бронзаног доба



Cultural Stratigraphy of the Site Gradishte Near Pelince, Republic of Macedonia - Dejan S. Gjorgjievski

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