CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY REPORT FOR THE PIZZUTO ... · literature review, and field survey. The project area is proposed for development. The Pizzuto Property project area is located

CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY REPORT FOR

THE PIZZUTO SUBDIVISION PROPERTY SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

TPM 20846

Log No. 04-08-030

Prepared for: Dudek & Associates Prepared by: Gallegos & Associates

May 2005

CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY REPORT FOR

THE PIZZUTO SUBDIVISION PROPERTY SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

TPM 20846

Log No. 04-08-030 Prepared for: Prepared by: Dudek & Associates Gallegos & Associates 605 Third Street 5671 Palmer Way, Suite A Encinitas, California 92024 Carlsbad, California 92008 (760) 929-0055 PJ# 25-04 National Archaeological Data Base Information: Type of Study: Record Search, Literature Review, and Field Survey Project Area: Approximately 40 Acres USGS 7.5’ Quadrangles: San Marcos Key Words: Negative Survey Authors Contributors Monica Guerrero, RPA Karen E. Doose – Editing; Report Production Project Archaeologist Nick Doose – GIS Specialist Lucas Piek – Field Crew Dennis R. Gallegos Project Manager

May 2005

PJ. 25-04 May 2005

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION TITLE PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 Project Description 1-1 1.2 Environmental Setting 1-1 1.3 Cultural History 1-4 1.3.1 Prehistoric Period 1-4 1.3.2 Protohistoric Period 1-4 1.4 Record Search and Literature Review Results 1-5 1.4.1 Previously Recorded Sites 1-5 1.5 Native American Consultation 1-10 2 METHODS, RESULTS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2-1 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Survey Methods 2-1 2.3 Survey Results 2-1 2.4 Summary and Recommendations 2-1 3 REFERENCES 3-1

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE PAGE 1-1 Regional Project Location 1-2 1-2 Project Area Shown on USGS Map 1-3 1-3* Project Area and Previously Recorded Cultural Resources Shown 1-6 on USGS Map 2-1* Grading Plan Showing CA-SDI-4370 2-2

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE A Key Personnel Résumés A-1 B Record Search Results B-1 C Native American Correspondence C-1 * Bound separately in Confidential Appendix

PJ. 25-04 May 2005

ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TITLE: Cultural Resource Survey Report for the Pizzuto Subdivision Property

San Diego County, California AUTHORS: Monica Guerrero and Dennis R. Gallegos Gallegos & Associates 5671 Palmer Way, Suite A Carlsbad, California 92008 PJ# 25-04 DATE: May 2005 SOURCE OF COPIES: South Coastal Information Center San Diego State University 4283 El Cajon Blvd., Suite 250 San Diego, California 92105 ABSTRACT: Gallegos & Associates was contracted by Dudek & Associates to conduct a cultural resource study for the Pizzuto Property project. This study was conducted in compliance with the County of San Diego and California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) guidelines. The record search identified no previously recorded prehistoric or historic cultural resources within the 40-acre property; however, one cultural resource site (CA-SDI-4370) was previously recorded along the proposed access road. Ground visibility was fair to good, as a majority of the project area is covered by a moderate to dense amount of native vegetation. The field survey was negative, identifying no cultural resources within the project area. Site CA-SDI-4370 may have been mismapped when originally recorded. Given the presence of a previously recorded site (CA-SDI-4370) mapped along the access road, monitoring of access road grading is recommended.

PJ. 25-04 1-1 May 2005

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Gallegos & Associates was contracted by Dudek & Associates to conduct a cultural

resource study for the Pizzuto Property project. This work included a record search,

literature review, and field survey. The project area is proposed for development. The

Pizzuto Property project area is located at the base of the Merriam Mountains in northern

San Diego County, and is depicted on the San Marcos 7.5’ USGS topographic quadrangle

(Figures 1-1 and 1-2). The project area (an approximate 40-acre property and an access

road from Deer Springs Road to the property) is bound by undeveloped land on the south,

east and north, and by residential homes and a vacant nursery on the west. The study was

conducted in compliance with the County of San Diego and California Environmental

Quality Act (CEQA) guidelines.

Résumés of key personnel are included in Appendix A; record search results in Appendix

B; Native American correspondence in Appendix C.

1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

The terrain of the project area consists of undeveloped mountain ridges and drainages.

The geology of the project area consists of Mesozoic granitics (Kennedy and Tan 1996).

Granitic rock outcrops and boulders, common within the region, were frequently used in

prehistoric times for grinding vegetal and animal materials, as evidenced by bedrock

mortars and grinding slicks. Soils, primarily outside of the project area, belong to three

principal associations: the Ramona-Placentia Association, the Fallbrook/Vista

Association, and the Escondido Association (USDA 1973). All are well to moderately

drained sandy loams developed from granitic alluvium or decomposed granodiorite.

§̈¦5

§̈¦8

§̈¦805

§̈¦15

§̈¦5

§̈¦805

§̈¦5

§̈¦5

§̈¦8

§̈¦805

§̈¦15

§̈¦8

§̈¦15

§̈¦15 ©̈6

©̈905

©̈2

©̈13

©̈S3

©̈22©̈2

OP94

OP67 OP79

OP78

OP76

OP371

OP15OP209

OP125

OP75

OP56

OP78

OP94

OP56

OP76

OP79

OP79

OP79

OP94

OP78OP78 OP78

0 52.5Miles

E

Gallegos & Associates

Regional Project Location FIGURE1-1

P a c i f i c Oc e a n

Camp Pendleton

Oceanside

Carlsbad

Encinitas

Solana BeachDel Mar

La Jolla

San Diego

Imperial Beach

Chula Vista

Mexico

El Cajon

Santee

Poway

Vista

San Marcos Escondido

Ramona

Alpine

Julian

Mexico

Nevada

Oregon Idaho

CCaa ll ii ff oo rr nn ii aa

kj

San Diego County

ValleyCenter

OtayMesa

Legendkj Project Area

kj Project Area

ÕGallegos & Associates

1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000500Feet

0.5 0 0.5 1 1.50.25Miles

1 0 10.5Kilometers

Scale 1:24,000

FIGURE1-2Project Area Shown on USGS Map

San Marcos & Valley Center 7.5' USGS Map

PROJECT AREA

PJ. 25-04 1-4 May 2005

1.3 CULTURAL HISTORY

1.3.1 Prehistoric Period

Native Americans occupied San Diego County for over 10,000 years. The period from

10,000 to 1,300 years ago is referred to as the Early Period or the Archaic Period. The

people of the San Dieguito Complex are generally accepted as the first inhabitants of the

region, occupying San Diego County as early as 10,000 years ago. This initial occupation

is believed to represent a group of people who entered San Diego County from the desert.

These people hunted, fished, milled plant foods, and collected and processed shellfish.

The occupation from at least 8,300 years ago to roughly 3,500 years ago is also referred to

as the La Jolla Complex and Pauma Complex. Archaeological sites reflecting this

occupation are coastal shell habitation sites, inland hunting and milling campsites, and

quarry sites. The San Dieguito and the La Jolla/Pauma complexes are believed by this

author to be of the same cultural stock, representing a long period of occupation by one

people.

Occupation after 1,300 years ago (Late Period) is well documented by numerous

Kumeyaay/Diegueño and Luiseño habitation sites. Artifacts and cultural patterns

reflecting Late Period occupation include small projectile points, pottery, obsidian from

Obsidian Butte, and cremations. The project area falls within the Luiseño territory as

described by Kroeber (1925).

1.3.2 Protohistoric Period

The Hispanic intrusion and colonization (1769-1822) within Native American southern

California affected the coastal tribes and peoples living in well-traveled river valleys.

The Mexican Period (1822-1848) saw continued displacement of the native population by

expansion of a land grant program and development of extensive ranchos. The gold rush

and concomitant granting of statehood, combined with an influx of Anglo-American

settlers, caused a rapid displacement of the native population, as well as deterioration of

their culture and lifeways (Bancroft 1886; Kroeber 1925).

PJ. 25-04 1-5 May 2005

1.4 RECORD SEARCH AND LITERATURE REVIEW RESULTS

The record search and literature review was completed at the South Coastal Information

Center (SCIC) at San Diego State University (SDSU) and from the library at Gallegos &

Associates. Six studies (ASI 1991; ASM 1984; Cupples 1977; NHPC 1984; SDCAS

1975; Wade 2001) have been conducted within a one-mile radius of the project area. In

all, 15 cultural resource sites (CA-SDI-561, CA-SDI-4367, CA-SDI-4368, CA-SDI-4369,

CA-SDI-4370, CA-SDI-4371, CA-SDI-4372, CA-SDI-4373, CA-SDI-4374, CA-SDI-

4375, CA-SDI-5640, CA-SDI-5950, CA-SDI-5951, CA-SDI-9822, and CA-SDI-17264)

have been recorded within a one-mile radius of the project area (Figure 1-3). One study

(ASI 1991) has been conducted within the north portion of the project area, and one

cultural resource site (CA-SDI-4370) has been previously recorded along the proposed

access road leading to the 40-acre property. The record search results are included in

Appendix B.

Early USGS maps (1901 Escondido 15’; 1901 San Luis Rey 15’; 1942 Escondido 15’;

1948 San Marcos 7.5’) were reviewed for early historic structures; however, no structures

were identified on the maps.

1.4.1 Previously Recorded Sites

As a result of the record search, 15 cultural resource sites (CA-SDI-561, CA-SDI-4367,

CA-SDI-4368, CA-SDI-4369, CA-SDI-4370, CA-SDI-4371, CA-SDI-4372, CA-SDI-

4373, CA-SDI-4374, CA-SDI-4375, CA-SDI-5640, CA-SDI-5950, CA-SDI-5951, CA-

SDI-9822, and CA-SDI-17264) have been identified within a one-mile radius of the

project area. Only site CA-SDI-4370 has been previously recorded along the proposed

access road leading to the 40-acre property. No cultural resources have been recorded

within the 40-acre area. The following paragraphs provide brief descriptions of the above

mentioned cultural resource sites.

PJ. 25-04 1-7 May 2005

CA-SDI-561

Site CA-SDI-561 was originally recorded by True (n.d.) as a temporary campsite located

south of Deer Springs Road and is situated on a northwest-facing slope of the southern

Merriam Mountains.

CA-SDI-4367

Site CA-SDI-4367 was originally recorded by Mooney et al. (1975) as a single bedrock

milling feature with one basin. No surface artifacts or midden were noted at the site.

This site has not been previously tested.

CA-SDI-4368

Site CA-SDI-4368 was originally recorded by May et al. (1975) as a single bedrock

milling feature containing twelve elements (5 slicks, 2 basins, and 5 mortars). No surface

artifacts or midden were noted at the site. Disturbance consists of a dirt road in the south

portion of the site area. This site has not been previously tested.

CA-SDI-4369

Site CA-SDI-4369 was originally recorded by May et al. (1975) as an artifact scatter

consisting of 1 metate fragment, 100+ debitage, 1 battered implement, 6 core fragments,

and 10 lithic tools. Disturbance at the site consists of a 30-foot-wide road cut. This site

has not been previously tested.

CA-SDI-4370

Site CA-SDI-4370 was originally recorded by May et al. (1975a) as a single bedrock

milling feature containing one slick. No surface artifacts or midden were noted at the

site. This site has not been previously tested.

FIGURE 1-3

PROJECT AREA AND PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES SHOWN USGS MAP

(See Confidential Appendix)

PJ. 25-04 1-8 May 2005

CA-SDI-4371

Site CA-SDI-4371 was originally recorded by May et al. (1975b) as a single bedrock

milling feature containing two slicks. No surface artifacts or midden were noted at the

site. This site has not been previously tested.

CA-SDI-4372

Site CA-SDI-4372 was originally recorded by Brock and Lenker (1975a) as a lithic scatter

consisting of 1 battered implement, 31 debitage, 1 mano, and 6 lithic tools. Disturbance

at the site consists of agricultural activities. This site has not been previously tested.

CA-SDI-4373

Site CA-SDI-4373 was originally recorded by Brock and Lenker (1975b) as an artifact

scatter. A total of 13 flakes, 4 lithic tools, 1 projectile point, and 4 fragments of shell

were noted on the surface; however, previous agricultural impacts (subsurface sprinkler

system) may have distributed artifacts outside of the original site area. This site has not

been previously tested.

CA-SDI-4374

Site CA-SDI-4374 was originally recorded by Baksh (1975a) as a single bedrock milling

feature containing one slick. One pottery sherd was noted at the site. Disturbance

consists of agricultural activities. This site has not been previously tested.

CA-SDI-4375

Site CA-SDI-4375 was originally recorded by Baksh (1975b) as a milling site with an

associated artifact scatter. Two battered implements, 4 core fragments, numerous

debitage, 5 lithic tools, 2 manos, 4 pottery sherds, 1 pestle fragment, and Chione sp. shell

fragments were noted at the site. Disturbance consists of agricultural activities and a dirt

road. This site has not been previously tested.

PJ. 25-04 1-9 May 2005

CA-SDI-5640

Site CA-SDI-5640 was originally recorded by Gouveia and Ricard (1977) as a single

bedrock milling feature located adjacent to two driveways, Twin Oaks Valley Road, and a

trailer. No artifacts were noted. Continued plowing was noted at the site.

CA-SDI-5950

Site CA-SDI-5950 was originally recorded by Aasved and Murray (1978a) as three

bedrock milling features (containing at total of 4 slicks) and a sparse Chione sp. shell

scatter. No surface artifacts were noted. Disturbance at the site consists of a fire break

through the center of the site. This site has not been previously tested.

CA-SDI-5951

Site CA-SDI-5951 was originally recorded by Aasved and Murray (1978b) as a single

bedrock milling feature and an associated artifact scatter. Debitage, pottery sherds, lithic

tools, shell, and bone were noted on the site surface. Disturbance consists of Deer

Springs Road at the north end of the site. This site has not been previously tested.

CA-SDI-9822

Site CA-SDI-9822 was originally recorded by Rogers in the 1930s as a habitation site

consisting of a dark midden, flakes, mano fragments, a large amount of shell, and bedrock

milling features. Site CA-SDI-9822 was updated by Hedges (1977), and a heavily

weathered and exfoliated red pictograph design was identified on a rock face that is

situated in the east portion of the site. In 1990, site CA-SDI-9822 was updated by Crull

(1990). Crull (1990) indicated that the site had been previously excavated by Palomar

College between 1980 and 1989. Units measuring 1x2 m were excavated, and as a result,

a wide range of Late Period artifacts including arrow points, pottery, bone tools, milling

tools, shell beads, obsidian, glass trade beads, shell, bone, and cremations were recovered.

The southern portion of the site has been impacted by the construction of Deer Springs

Road and a trailer park south of Deer Springs Road. Crull (1990) reported that the

habitation area and milling features are protected by a chain-link fence; however,

additional milling features, surface artifacts, and the pictograph feature are located

PJ. 25-04 1-10 May 2005

outside of the fenced area. On the basis of previous work, site CA-SDI-9822 is identified

as significant under CEQA and the County Resource Protection Ordinance (RPO).

In 2003, Gallegos & Associates conducted a test program for site CA-SDI-9822 for the

Merriam Mountains project (Guerrero et al. 2005). Testing included a survey of the site,

relocation of the bedrock milling features and site boundary, documentation of 12

bedrock milling features and the pictograph feature, and examination of the 1980-1989

Palomar College field notes, maps, and artifact catalog. A Trimble GPS unit was used to

determine the location of the milling features and pictograph feature, thereby redefining

the original site boundary. The site boundary was extended west, north, and east of the

fenced site area to include additional bedrock milling features and the pictograph feature.

The southern portion of site CA-SDI-9822, north of Deer Springs Road, is currently

eroding into the roadway and the original protective fence has been partially torn down

along Deer Springs Road.

CA-SDI-17264

Site CA-SDI-17264 was originally recorded by Guerrero and Tift (2004) as a sparse lithic

scatter. This site consists of 1 debitage, 2 manos, and 1 metate fragment located within a

dirt road. Site CA-SDI-17264 was tested by Gallegos & Associates in December 2004 to

determine site significance (Guerrero et al. 2005). Testing at CA-SDI-17264 produced 1

debitage, 2 manos (1 complete mano and 1 mano fragment) and 1 metate fragment.

Disturbance from bioturbation and organic materials (i.e., roots) was noted in the

excavated STPs. Site CA-SDI-17264 was identified as not significant and no further

work was recommended.

1.5 NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATION

The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) was contacted to request

information and/or input regarding Native American concerns either directly or indirectly

associated with the Pizzuto Property project, as well as names of individuals in the area

who should be contacted prior to completion of this study. Those individuals identified

PJ. 25-04 1-11 May 2005

by the NAHC were contacted by letter, and information as to cultural resources within the

project area was requested (Appendix C). Additional project notification will be

conducted through general public distribution of the environmental report.

PJ. 25-04 2-1 May 2005

SECTION 2 METHODS, RESULTS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The current study included a record search, a literature review, and a field survey of the

approximate 40-acre property and access road. Survey methods, results, and summary

are provided below.

2.2 SURVEY METHODS

The Pizzuto Property project area was intensively surveyed on foot using 10-m intervals

between survey transects. Dennis Gallegos and Lucas Piek completed the field survey on

Tuesday, November 23, 2004 for a total of 8 person hours.

2.3 SURVEY RESULTS

Ground visibility was fair to good, as a majority of the project area is covered by a dense

to moderate amount of native vegetation. Disturbance within the project area includes

modern trash and some previous grading on the ridge tops. The field survey was

negative, identifying no cultural resources within the project area. Site CA-SDI-4370

was not relocated and may have been mismapped when originally recorded.

2.4 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The study included a record search, literature review, and field survey of the

approximately 40-acre property and access road. The record search identified one

prehistoric site (CA-SDI-4370). However, the field survey was negative, identifying no

prehistoric or historic cultural resources within the project area. Given the presence of

one previously recorded site (CA-SDI-4370) mapped along the access road, monitoring

of access road grading is recommended (Figure 2-1).

FIGURE 2-1

GRADING PLAN SHOWING CA-SDI-4370

(See Confidential Appendix)

PJ. 25-04 3-1 May 2005

SECTION 3 REFERENCES

Aasved, M. and J. Murray 1978a Site Record Form for CA-SDI-5950. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. 1978b Site Record Form for CA-SDI-5951. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Advanced Science, Inc. (ASI) 1991 Title unknown. Ms. reported missing at the South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. ASM Affiliates, Inc. 1984 Cultural Resources Assessment of the 94-Acre Bureau of Land

Management Parcel in the Merriam Mountains Near San Marcos, California. Ms. on file, South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

Baksh, Michael 1975a Site Record Form for CA-SDI-4374. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. 1975b Site Record Form for CA-SDI-4375. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Bancroft, Hubert Howe 1886 History of California (7 Volumes). Vol. 4, p. 68. The History Company,

San Francisco, California. Brock, T. and Jane Lenker 1975a Site Record Form for CA-SDI-4372. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. 1975b Site Record Form for CA-SDI-4373. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Crull, Scott 1990 Site Record Form Update for CA-SDI-9822. On file, South Coastal

Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

PJ. 25-04 3-2 May 2005

Cupples, Sue Ann 1977 An Archaeological Survey Report for Proposed Construction of Interstate

15 (11-SD-15 p.m. R36.01 37.6) 11203-095041 and 11-SD-15 p.m. R37.6/40.4 11203-095051. Ms. on file, South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

Gouveia, F. and R. Ricard 1977 Site Record Form for CA-SDI-5640. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Guerrero, Monica and Larry Tift 2005 Site Record Form for CA-SDI-17264. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Guerrero, Monica, Tracy Stropes, and Dennis R. Gallegos 2005 Cultural Resource Report for the Merriam Mountains Project, County of

San Diego, California. On file, Gallegos & Associates. Hedges, Kenneth E. 1977 Site Record Form Update for CA-SDI-9822/W-223-A. On file, South

Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

Kennedy, Michael P. and Siang S. Tan 1996 Geologic Maps of the Oceanside, San Luis Rey, and San Marcos 7.5’

Quadrangles. California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology.

Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology

Bulletin 78. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. May, Ron, Sheila Neiswender, Brian Mooney, Susie Hinman, and Richard Norwood 1975 Site Record Form for CA-SDI-4368. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

May, Ron, Sheila Neiswender, Richard Norwood, Gil Boggs, Lucille Boggs, Brian Mooney, and Susie Hinman 1975 Site Record Form for CA-SDI-4369. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. May, Ron, Jay Hatley, and Richard Norwood 1975a Site Record Form for CA-SDI-4370. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

PJ. 25-04 3-3 May 2005

1975b Site Record Form for CA-SDI-4371. On file, South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

Mooney, Brian, Sheila Neiswender, and Ron May 1975 Site Record Form for CA-SDI-4367. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. New Horizons Planning Consultants, Inc. (NHPC) 1984 Draft Environmental Impact Report Sullins Technology Park. Ms. on file,

South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

Rogers, Malcolm n.d. Site Record Form for CA-SDI-9822/W-223-A. On file, South Coastal

Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. San Diego County Archaeological Society (SDCAS) 1975 Archaeological Sensitivity Study of the Twin Oaks Valley, San Diego

County, California. Ms. on file, South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

True, Delbert L. n.d. Site Record Form for CA-SDI-561. On file, South Coastal Information

Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1973 Soil Survey, San Diego Area, California. United States Geologic Survey (USGS) 1901 Escondido 15’ 1901 San Luis Rey 15’ 1942 Escondido 15’ 1948 San Marcos 7.5’ Wade, Sue 2001 Diocese of San Diego, Deer Springs Road Property – Cultural Resource

Survey. Ms. on file, South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

APPENDIX A

KEY PERSONNEL RÉSUMÉS

APPENDIX B

RECORD SEARCH RESULTS

Record Search on File at Gallegos & Associates and the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego

APPENDIX C

NATIVE AMERICAN CORRESPONDENCE