Cultural Heritage and its Management Chaco Culture National Historical Park Larry J. Zimmerman
Cultural Heritage and its Management Chaco Culture National Historical Park Larry J. Zimmerman.
Dec 17, 2015
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Cultural Heritage and its Management
Chaco Culture National Historical Park Larry J. Zimmerman
What does the past mean?
How do we ‘connect’ to it?
San Rock Art, Eastern Cape, South Africa
How do we use it?
What are Heritage Resources?
Chaco Canyon Pottery
What is heritage?
Districts, buildings, sites, structures, and objects significant in a culture’s history, architecture,
archaeology, and engineering, which possess integrity of location,
setting, design materials, workmanship, and feeling and
association
Who Owns the Past?
Is it a public heritage?
Is it owned by those from whose culture it originated?
Crow Creek Massacre Remains, South Dakota, circa AD 1325
Crow Creek Massacre Reburial, 1981
The Struggle for Kennewick/The Ancient One
Does it matter who tells the story?
US?
Or them?
Obviously, many of us have strong opinions about it.
Purposeful Destruction of Heritage
Destruction of the Stone Buddhas of Bamiyan in Central Afghanistan
Taliban Religious Fervor
March 8, 2001
A Plan for Restoration?
Painted ceiling of one Buddha
December 6, 1992
Destruction of the Babri Masjid Mosque, Ayohdya, India
What Happens Next?
Is imitation heritage still heritage?
Lascaux II: The Price of Heritage Tourism
From Stonehenge…
and New Age Solstice Rituals…
England, 2003
Can heritage be restored?
The Great Sphinx Restoration Project
Angkor, Cambodia Restoration Project
Restoration of Angkor
A multinational enterprise
Closer to Home
Morris-Butler Home
Walker Building
Union StationAngel Mounds, Evansville
In developed nations, heritage management is an industry in its own right.
Same here in the USA
National Park Service oversees the CRM process in the US.
Cultural Resources Management and Archaeology
CRM is approximately a $125,000,000 industry in the US annually.
CRM is largest employer of archaeologists at all levels of education.
CRM is the largest employer of BA level anthropology graduates.
CRM, a free journal from NPS
US Cultural Resources ManagementNational Historic Preservation Act, 1966
and the National Register of Historic Places
What is the National Register of Historic Places?
The National Register is maintained by the National Park Service, Department of Interior.
It is the nation’s official list of districts, buildings, sites, structures, and objects documented as significant to American history, architecture & archaeology, but…
…defined at the local level.
• That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
• That are associated with the lives of significant persons in our past; or
• That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or
• That have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in history or prehistory.
How do we know what’s significant?
Sites or objects:
Sacred Sites and Traditional Cultural Properties
Bear Butte SD
Traditional Cultural Properties
Eligible for inclusion in the National register of Historic Places because of their "association with cultural practices or beliefs of a living community that
a) are rooted in that community's history,
b) are important in maintaining the continuing cultural identity of the community.
Broadlawns, Burial Mounds, and Cell
Towers
TCPs and CRM:
A Case Study from Iowa
Two Woodland Tradition Burial Mounds Damaged
Taking Down the Tower
The crane alone cost about $120,000!
What’s left to get rid of?
Plenty!
Unfortunately, only one of the mounds
The Hospital, State Archaeologist, Iowa Indian Advisory Board, and the Cell Phone Company agree on what to do…
…rebuild the mounds and restore the area.
Howard Matalba
Maria Pearson, Shirley Schermer, Steve Dasovich
The Process
Selecting Clean Fill
Strip off the ground cover
Cleaning up the site
Jackhammer away the top 3’ of the support
Figuring out the height of the mound
Bringing in Fill
Moundbuilding, 2001
Seeding and installing natural ground cover
Watching the grass grow
The Cost?
About $1,500,000
$85,000 for landscaping $200,000 for ground work $120,000 for the crane $1,195,000 for two new towers
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