Cultural Conflicts Chapter 13, Section 3. Frances Willard: 1882: organized the Prohibition Party 1882: organized the Prohibition Party President of the.

Cultural ConflictsCultural ConflictsChapter 13, Section 3Chapter 13, Section 3

Frances Willard:Frances Willard:• 1882: organized the Prohibition 1882: organized the Prohibition

PartyParty• President of the National President of the National

WomenWomen’’s Temperance Unions Temperance Union• *Advocated women*Advocated women’’s suffrage, s suffrage,

fought to ban alcohol, & improved fought to ban alcohol, & improved working conditions in factoriesworking conditions in factories

*Temperance=social movement to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption.

*PROHIBITION, 1920-33*PROHIBITION, 1920-33Goals:Goals:

1. Eliminate drunkenness & domestic abuse1. Eliminate drunkenness & domestic abuse

2. Get rid of saloons, which promote other 2. Get rid of saloons, which promote other evilsevils

3. Prevent absenteeism from work3. Prevent absenteeism from work

*18th Amendment = The manufacture, sale, or distribution of alcohol is illegal.

• The illegal sale of alcohol.The illegal sale of alcohol.• *Name came from people *Name came from people

hiding alcohol in their boot.hiding alcohol in their boot.

*SPEAKEASIES*SPEAKEASIES• ““Speak quietly & easilySpeak quietly & easily””• *Bars that operated illegally or *Bars that operated illegally or

‘‘undergroundunderground’’• Speakeasies became very popular.Speakeasies became very popular.• Alcohol consumption & sales actually increased Alcohol consumption & sales actually increased

during prohibition!during prohibition!

SPEAKEASIESSPEAKEASIES

*RISE OF ORGANIZED CRIME*RISE OF ORGANIZED CRIME• Bootlegging became more profitable than crime!Bootlegging became more profitable than crime!• *Prohibition led to a rise in organized crime.*Prohibition led to a rise in organized crime.• Organizations would clash in attempts to gain new Organizations would clash in attempts to gain new

territory.territory.

ORGANIZED CRIMEORGANIZED CRIME• The use of machine guns & sawed off shotguns The use of machine guns & sawed off shotguns

turned the streets into battlegrounds.turned the streets into battlegrounds.• Bootlegging led to gambling, prostitution, & Bootlegging led to gambling, prostitution, &

racketeering.racketeering.

AL CAPONEAL CAPONE• ““ScarfaceScarface””-most notorious Chicago gangster-most notorious Chicago gangster• Made $60 million a yr bootleggingMade $60 million a yr bootlegging• FBI, created by J Edgar Hoover, convicted FBI, created by J Edgar Hoover, convicted

Capone of tax evasionCapone of tax evasion• Bootlegging remains an issueBootlegging remains an issue

What amendment What amendment outlawed the sale, outlawed the sale, possession, or possession, or consumption of alcohol consumption of alcohol in the United States?in the United States?1.1. 1616

2.2. 1717

3.3. 1818

4.4. 1919

*RELIGION vs EVOLUTION*RELIGION vs EVOLUTION

*The teaching of Evolution began a heated *The teaching of Evolution began a heated debate during the 1920debate during the 1920’’s because it s because it contradicted the Biblecontradicted the Bible’’s account of creations account of creation

Evolution-idea thatEvolution-idea that

humans developedhumans developed

from simplerfrom simpler

speciesspecies

FundamentalistsFundamentalists vs vs OppositionOpposition

- Supported traditional- Supported traditional -Science & Technology -Science & Technology teachings of Jesusteachings of Jesus role was larger in role was larger in society after WW1society after WW1

-Believed that since God-Believed that since God -War & other problems-War & other problems created the Bible, itcreated the Bible, it caused people to caused people to

could not containcould not contain question God question God’’s role s role contradictions (errors)contradictions (errors) in their life in their life

-Bible was written by -Bible was written by humans & thus humans & thus contains historical contains historical inaccuracies inaccuracies

EVOLUTION & EVOLUTION & SCOPES TRIALSCOPES TRIAL

Fundamentalists challenged the right to teach Fundamentalists challenged the right to teach Evolution in schools.Evolution in schools.

• Tennessee banned the teaching of Evolution in Tennessee banned the teaching of Evolution in schoolsschools

• John Scopes, high school teacher, was convinced John Scopes, high school teacher, was convinced by the ACLU to challenge the Law as by the ACLU to challenge the Law as UnconstitutionalUnconstitutional

• He was arrested & fined for defying the lawHe was arrested & fined for defying the law

*C. DARROW vs W.J. BRYAN*C. DARROW vs W.J. BRYAN

• *Clarence Darrow(defense for teacher) put *Clarence Darrow(defense for teacher) put William Jennings Bryan (prosecuter) on trial, William Jennings Bryan (prosecuter) on trial, questioning the validity of the Biblequestioning the validity of the Bible

• Bryan admitted he did not believe all of the Bryan admitted he did not believe all of the Bible Bible ‘‘literallyliterally’’

• The case was a setback for the The case was a setback for the fundamentalistsfundamentalists

• Bryan died a few days after the trial & the Bryan died a few days after the trial & the Fundamentalists movement remainsFundamentalists movement remains

True / FalseTrue / False

1. Bootlegging occurred due to the 171. Bootlegging occurred due to the 17 thth

Amendment?Amendment?

2. Speakeasies were illegal bars during the 2. Speakeasies were illegal bars during the

prohibition era?prohibition era?

3. The Scopes Trial proved evolution to be 3. The Scopes Trial proved evolution to be

true?true?

4. Flappers were rebelling against the older 4. Flappers were rebelling against the older generations?generations?

Racial TensionsRacial Tensions• Violence against African Americans increased due Violence against African Americans increased due

to the Great Migrationto the Great Migration• Summer 1919, known as Summer 1919, known as ‘‘Red SummerRed Summer’’ due to the due to the

bloodshed between African Americans & whitesbloodshed between African Americans & whites• Most of the violence was committed by the KKKMost of the violence was committed by the KKK• The Klu Klux Klan terrorized African Americans, The Klu Klux Klan terrorized African Americans,

Catholics, Jews, & other immigrantsCatholics, Jews, & other immigrants• Drew most of its Drew most of its

support from the support from the lower middle classes lower middle classes & & low classlow class

*GARVEYISM*GARVEYISM

• Marcus Garvey-Jamaican born Civil Rights Marcus Garvey-Jamaican born Civil Rights ActivistActivist

• *Promoted *Promoted ‘‘Black NationalismBlack Nationalism’’& inspired later & inspired later generations with call for Black Pridegenerations with call for Black Pride

• *Controversial figure:*Controversial figure: - promoted a segregated American - promoted a segregated American societysociety - - ‘‘Back to AfricaBack to Africa’’ movement movement

• Considered a Considered a ‘‘religious prophetreligious prophet’’ by the Rastafariansby the Rastafarians

Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey- Convicted & jailed for fraud involving - Convicted & jailed for fraud involving

his Black Star Line (shipping line to his Black Star Line (shipping line to take Africans back to Africa) take Africans back to Africa)

-W.E. DuBois called him, -W.E. DuBois called him, “the most dangerous “the most dangerous enemy of the Negro race in America and in the enemy of the Negro race in America and in the world. He is either a lunatic or a traitor.”world. He is either a lunatic or a traitor.”

-Sat down with the KKK-Sat down with the KKK““We are men; we have souls, we have passions, we have We are men; we have souls, we have passions, we have

feelings…like any other race in the world. The cry is raised feelings…like any other race in the world. The cry is raised all over the world today of America for the Americans, of all over the world today of America for the Americans, of England for the English…do you think it is unreasonable England for the English…do you think it is unreasonable that we, the blacks of the world, should raise the cry of that we, the blacks of the world, should raise the cry of Africa for Africans?Africa for Africans?

1. Identify the 181. Identify the 18thth amendment. amendment.2. What were speakeasies?2. What were speakeasies?3. Did alcohol consumption increase or decrease 3. Did alcohol consumption increase or decrease

as a result of prohibition?as a result of prohibition?4. Why did some states ban the teaching of 4. Why did some states ban the teaching of

evolution?evolution?5. What was the Great Migration?5. What was the Great Migration?6. What did M Garvey call his people to do?6. What did M Garvey call his people to do?7. What issues made Garvey controversial? 7. What issues made Garvey controversial?