“One Health – One Medicine” Design Proposal for a Distance Education Course: Introduction to Zoonotic Diseases in Humans and Animals Tracy L Middleton, DVM, BS MPH-VPH Candidate Veterinary Public Health Resident
Aug 12, 2015
“One Health – One Medicine”
Design Proposal for a Distance Education Course:Introduction to Zoonotic Diseases in Humans and Animals
Tracy L Middleton, DVM, BSMPH-VPH Candidate
Veterinary Public Health Resident
“One Health – One Medicine”
Project Objective
To create an introductory (online) course on zoonotic diseases, focused on teaching students foundational infectious disease
concepts and then using these to describe common and important zoonoses
“One Health – One Medicine”
Project Objective
• Undergraduate interest taking VPM 7721 Epidemiology of Zoonotic Diseases demonstrated a need for a introductory level course– This course is not a replacement for VPM 7721
• The underlying goals in the development of this distance education course are to:– Raise awareness of the global impact of zoonoses on the
health of both humans an animals– Encourage collaboration of medical, veterinary, and public
health professionals in research, prevention, and control of zoonoses
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Definition of Zoonoses
• A zoonotic disease or zoonoses (pl.) is an infectious disease transmissible between vertebrate animals and humans under natural conditions– Etymology: Greek. “zoion” animal + “nosos” disease
• Animal reservoirs maintain the disease agent in nature
• Many zoonoses are multifactorial, with complex cycles of infection
• Humans are often dead end hosts BUT zoonoses have also originated great pandemics
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Zoonotic Disease Burden
• Zoonoses exist in the environment anywhere humans and animals intersect
• Of the ~1400 infectious diseases recognized in humans, 60% are zoonoses
• In the last 40+ years, 75% of the recently emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases have been zoonoses
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Zoonotic Disease Burden
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Salmonella
Zoonotic Disease Burden
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• Zoonotic diseases often seen as a veterinary issue– Public Health Veterinarians are in short supply in
the United States (GAO, 2009)• Physicians will not recognize or consider a disease
they do not know about• Public Health is a diverse field with a population
health focus with the least amount of infectious or zoonotic disease training
Zoonotic Disease Problem
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Benefits of an Undergraduate Zoonoses Course
1. Physicians
Human Disease
General Infectious Disease
Individual Patient focused Medicine
2. Veterinarians
Animal Disease
Zoonoses Prevention and
Control
Population Medicine
3. Public Health
Epidemiology
Biostatistics
Environmental Health
Population Health Principles
Undergraduate Education
Incr
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Sp
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“One Health – One Medicine”
Course Development
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• Target audience is 3rd/4th year undergraduates in Public Health – 5 year BS/MPH degree program course elective – Pre-Med, Pre-Vet, and other Pre-Professional students– Prerequisite courses in Biology and Microbiology
• Instructional delivery – – Traditional lecture-learn format – Asynchronous and Synchronous Components– Weekly virtual class discussion every Friday
Course Development
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Course Development
1. Identify desired results.
• Educational needs
• Create Goals and Objectives
2. Determine acceptable evidence
• Plan student exercises
• Create exams and quizzes
3.Plan learning experiences
and instruction
• Create lesson plans
• Select course materials
Backward Design is a method of designing education curriculum by setting goals prior to choosing instructional methods and forms of assessment
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1. Introductory
Disease Concepts
2. Vectorborne Zoonoses
3.
Livestock Zoonoses
4. Companion
Animal Zoonoses
5.
Wildlife Zoonoses
Lyme DiseaseRMSFPlagueWNV
BrucellosisZoonotic TBQ-FeverLeptospirosisAnthraxBSE
RabiesToxoplasmosisMycosisMRSASalmonellosis
Avian InfluenzaHantavirusSARS
Infectious Disease ConceptsZoonotic Disease ConceptsFactors of Disease EmergenceRegulatory Agencies
Course Development
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Course Development
• Representative zoonotic diseases were chosen using three criteria:
1. Important human or animal morbidity/mortality
2. Economic impact upon society (i.e. agricultural, productivity, or tourism)
3. Bioterrorism potential• Course overlaid on a OSU Academic Calendar to determine
timing of modules and exam schedule• Objective attainment will be measured by in unit quizzes,
news article analysis, and 3 proctored exams
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Academic Calendar
Each Wednesday, students will be required to submit discussion questions for the Friday virtual class session
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Example Unit
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Future Challenges
1. Development educational content suitable for eLearning environment– Accessibility is paramount!– Copyright law and educational content
2. ODEE approval process plus Quality Matters accreditation
3. Funding mechanism for teaching and further course development
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Human Medicine
Public Health
Veterinary Medicine
Public Health Significance
• Approximately 75% of emerging/reemerging diseases are zoonotic
• Zoonoses are responsible for 2.1B human illnesses and 1.2M deaths annually
• Improvement needed in collaboration of Physicians, Veterinarians, and Public Health
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Human Medicine
Veterinary Medicine
Public Health
Conclusion
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Questions
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Zoonoses Course Concept
1. Introductory
Disease Concepts
2. Vectorborne Zoonoses
3.
Livestock Zoonoses
4. Companion
Animal Zoonoses
5.
Wildlife Zoonoses
Lyme DiseaseRMSFPlagueWNV
BrucellosisZoonotic TBQ-FeverLeptospirosisAnthraxBSE
RabiesToxoplasmosisMycosisMRSASalmonellosis
Avian InfluenzaHantavirusSARS
Infectious Disease ConceptsZoonotic Disease ConceptsFactors of Disease EmergenceRegulatory Agencies