Export Agriculture Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka
Jan 25, 2015
Export AgricultureUva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka
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CONTENTS• INTRODUCTION• MORPHOLOGY• RECOMMENDED VARIETIES• SOIL & CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT• FIELD ESTABLISHMENT• HARVESTING• STORAGE & POST- HARVEST• USES• PEST & DISEASES • REFERANCES
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INTRODUCTION
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Genus : Cucumis
Species : Cucumis sativus
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• The cucumber is a warm season crop
• Originated from Northern India
• In Sri Lanka, best eaten sliced as a salad
• Appetizer with other vegetables because of its
distinct flavor and texture
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Major growing areas• Throughout the year in the wet-zone• During Maha season in the dry-zone Identified districts
• Kurunegala• Matale • Hambantota
Potential districts • Puttlum, Colombo, Matara, Badulla,
Moneragala, Polonnaruwa ,Anuradhapura
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MORPHOLOGY
• Cucumber is a monoecious annual vegetable
• It is a sprawling vine with large leaves and curling
tendrils
• The leaves are arranged alternately on the vines
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• Plant produces yellow colour flowers
• The fruits are usually cylindrical
• Many-seeded berries
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RECOMMENDED VARIETIES
• Champion• Kalpitiya white• LY58
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• Special features of • Champion
• Salad cucumber• Kalpitiya white
• Local selection• Salad cucumber
• LY58• Yield potential 25Mt/ha• Recommended for Dry and Wet zones
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In 2012 release New hybrid variety HORDI Green F1
• Fruit taste-Crispy• Moisture- 96.2%• External skin colour -Yellow green • Internal skin colour -Green white• Reaction to pests- No serious pest infestation
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SOIL & CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT• Rainfall
Wet zone 2500 mmDry zone1200 - 1900 mm
• Soil – Any soilhigh water-holding capacitygood drainage
• pH range 5.5 to 7.0
• Temperature 25–30˚С
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FIELD ESTABLISHMENT
Land preparation
• Prepare the field at least one month before
planting
• Follow each plowing with harrowing
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• For wet season cropping, prepare raised beds
• One week before planting, make holes 30 cm
apart
• Apply well-decomposed animal manure
• Mix the manure thoroughly with soil
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Planting
• Sow 3-4 seeds/hills and cover with a thin layer of soil
• About 2-3 kg of seeds are required for one hectare
• Irrigate the field right after sowing• 5 to 7 days after germination, rogue excess
seedlings and maintain only two plants/hill
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Trellising
• Ipil-ipil posts spaced 3-4 m apart are laid out
in the field
• Wires can be used to connect the poles along
each furrow
• synthetic straw can be used for vine training
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SpacingI m x 1 m 3-4 seeds per planting hole
Fertilizer application Urea TSP MOH
Basal 75 200 60
Top dressing-1
75 - 60
Top dressing-2
75 60 60
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Irrigation
• During the dry season, water regularly every
10-14 days
• Depending on the soil type and weather
condition
• watering in the morning hours
• Avoid too much water
• Use drip irrigation system
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Weed control
• The beds should be kept free of weeds, especially in the early stages
• Later on, rapidly spreading vines suppress the weeds
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HARVESTING
• Most cucumber varieties will produce fruit ready for harvest in 50 to 60 days
• The peak cucumber production months during the Maha season
• Check vines daily as the fruit starts to appear
• pick cucumbers whenever it big enough to use
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STORAGE & POST- HARVEST
• Cucumber has over 90 % water
• Wrap tightly by a plastic wrap to retain moisture
• They can keep for a week to 10 days when stored properly in the refrigerate
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USES
• As a fresh vegetable• Consumed fresh in salads• Pickling• Cosmetics products• Anti bacterial regents
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PEST & DISEASES
Cucumber plants are susceptible to pests• Cucumber Beetles• Aphids• Crickets• Leafhoppers• Thrips• Grasshoppers
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InsectsAphids • Turn leaves yellow and stunt shoots• transmit viruses from plant to plant
Control• Monitoring• Use natural enemies
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Cucumber beetles
• feed on the leaves• spread cucumber mosaic virus or wilts in
cucurbits
Control• Management of cucumber beetles is difficult.• Use cover crops• Remove crop residues
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Diseases
• The most important diseases are• Powdery mildew• Mosaic• Downy mildew• Anthracnose
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Mosaic
• Causal Organism- -Cucumber mosaic virus & squash mosaic virus
• Symptoms-Leaves are small & puckered & plant become stunted-Edged of the leaves are turn down-Knobs on the fruits are light yellow
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Powdery mildew
• Causal Organism -Erysiphe cichoracearum
• Symptoms -Spot develop on the upper surface of on the older leaf -It causes the leaves to turn yellow & whiter -Fruits are not infected
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Control
• Used fungicide sprays• Cultural control- using good quality seed• Remove alternate of host aphids• Don’t plant cucurbits near to wood• Control weeds• Use insecticide
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REFERANCES• http://www.semena.org/agro/Cucumber-e.htm• http://www.agridept.gov.lk/index.php/en/crop-recommend
ations/984• http://www.backyard-vegetable-gardening.com/cucumber
-diseases.html• http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/GARDEN/VEGES/PES
TS/cucumberbeet.html• https://www.plantvillage.com/topics/cucumber/infos• http://www.darfu4b.da.gov.ph/cucumber.html
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GROUP MEMBERS
• B.M.S.K. Ekanayake UWU/EAG/11/0004• K.A.M.Y.C. Jayathissa UWU/EAG/11/0010
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THANK YOU !