Cubism

CUBISM1907-1921

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Time Period: Inventions

• Assembly line was first used in production

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Time Period: Inventions

• Seeberger created the modern escalator

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Time Period: Inventions

• First radio transmission was sent and Booth invented the vacuum cleaner

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Time Period: Inventions

• Wright brothers invented the first motorized airplane

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Time Period: World Events

• Great change came about the early 20th century. There were new inventions, suburbs popped up, the model for the atom was created by Bohr.

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Time Period: World Events

• Africa and Asia were controlled by European empires driven by desire for more land and raw materials. This made Europe very wealthy.

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Time Period: World Events

• The first silent movie was made and the New York Subway opened

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Time Period: World Events

• Along with this many countries like Mexico, Russia and China demanded change bringing about revolutions.

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Time Period: World Events

• Einstein theory explains that there is no absolute position, or speed or momentum. To find out how fast something moves or where it is we must explain our answer by comparing two objects.

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Influences

• Fauvism was a large influence. The artists of the movement used bright colors and shapes to express themselves

• Cézanne was a famous fauvist painter at the time. His scenes usually involved simplifying nature. Some of his art had a great impact on cubist artists like Braque and Picasso

• He was fascinated by the architecture-like form of a mountain and this greatly inspired many of his nature pieces

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Cézanne’s Art

“All nature is made up of the cone, the cylinder, and the sphere.” 12

Influences

• A large influence for Picasso was African tribal masks

• He like many other cubist artists liked their bold shapes, power and energy

• These masks inspired him to make his first cubist piece, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

• This particular mask greatly resembles one of the women’s faces in Picasso’s first painting

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Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

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Blue and Rose Period (1901-1906)

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Georges Braque (1882-1963)

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Fauvist Phase

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The Bond is Formed

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Cubism Duo

“Picasso and I were like mountaineers roped together.”-Braque

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Juan Gris (1887-1927)

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Fernand Léger (1881-1955)

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Main Goal

The goal for Braque and Picasso’s new movement was to create a movement that represented the

nature of the modern world. They wanted to show the way people thought and felt at the time. They wanted an art form showed reality so they chose simple objects as their subjects. Thus Cubism was

born.

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Subject

•Traditional perspective abandoned•More immediate surroundings/objects•Still Life (many musical instruments)•Simple movement, simple subjects

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Style•Angular, geometric shapes•Less intricate•Muted, distinct colors•Rough lines•Faceting•Brighter colors later•Flat objects

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Early Cubism (1906-1908)

• Primitive•Conceptual not Perceptual•Flattened, angular figures•De-personalization•Geometric shapes

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Houses at L’estaqueGeorges Braque (1906) 26

Les Demoiselles D’ AvignonPablo Picasso (1907) 27

Large NudeGeorges Braque (1907-08) 28

Three WomenPablo Picasso (1907-08) 29

High Cubism (1909-1913)

• Junction of Picasso and Braque• Tried to eliminate distinctions among works• Picasso tended to be more linear, angular,

immediate in presentation• Braque more painterly, lyrical, suave and

cohesive

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Still Life Violin and PitcherGeorges Braque (1910) 31

The PoetPablo Picasso (1911) 32

Dancer in a CaféJean Metzinger (1912) 33

The WeddingLeger (1911-1912) 34

GuitarPablo Picasso (1912-13) 35

Fruit Dish, Ace of ClubsBraque (1913) 36

Who Made What?37

Late Cubism (1914-1921)

• Elements of collage• Added to reality of object rather than just

depicting it• Lightened with color• Line and color serve as separate functions• Less distortion of perception

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Woman with a GuitarBraque (1914) 39

Harlequin with GuitarJuan Gris (1918) 40

Guitar and ClarinetJuan Gris (1920) 41

Materials

• Cubist artists wanted to have their art emphasize the flat canvas, to depict the difference between a painting and reality

• Cubist artists used paint and other materials like newspaper and fabric (typically used in collages) to give the art texture

• Early cubist painters used dull, basic paint colors in their pieces, however, later artists like Léger used bright colored paints

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Weisman Art Museum43