ro · Ct~ C} FOR ~sF~TSECTIOI~CALL ~'-~-3~~,~ AGREE3s~lENT: Frz cansideratian of the issuance of this germit, the undersigned hereby agrees to comply wit'sall such laws and regulations

ro ~ ~ _~*~

Ct~ C}

FOR ~sF~ECTIOI~TS CALL ~'-~-3~~,~

AGREE3s~lENT:

Frz cansideratian of the issuance of this germit, the undersigned hereby agrees to comply wit's all such laws and regulations in thelocation sad construction of the proposed system far which this germit is granted, and further agrees that if the above said

arduxances are not fully complied with hx the location and construction of the described system the germit may then be revoked

by uatice from the Grand County Department o€ Building and Sanitation and THE?\T AILTl3 THERE IT SHALL BECOPvfEhTLTS_LANl? VOII}.

I~?OTE: FIard copgr of permit must be pasted at site or STOP VF'ORK OR1~ER n~ili be issued

THFS1'ERtvIIT FS NO'I' T12ANSFER t1BLE

Dace ~~~~- Q~Panutisi,>zo{c~na~1 H4AflE WASTE WATER ®iSPOSAL SYSTENt FC3R A 4 BEE?Rd€5 STREICTUREOumer HATFENBACFi, GRAD AND LPNDA Address isosz wit~v€ttc[€,et€, tatc€€tivvooo, co aozza

installer tv4OUNTA{N MADNESS ENC Address 887-9700Address of proposed system (legal description): LOT 1 LORAYNNE

11a5 cR 541 a~~

Distance of treatment tank from well ,~()' M1M1l{J~(J~

Distance of absorption system from well 1(}0` MIN~~VFOEVI

la= n~~€~~~turn

10' A~iINIivtUM

pR~~~~ANC SANITAT{lN

27irs permit w116e synzzed rffietal izrpee Pion isa~sproyed.DESI~`s"I'EI~F$ S~'BE B IdEC:~ Ge

Si~eofe9luentpi~ 4" MCN

Simoft=eatxnerxtsank (two

Si~~dx,~ugrank(if }Si:~ ofedhantdc,-p~E area;

Pecrolatioa rue acerab~

l~ ~ ofcIa~ ` `_ Fl' 'sack

1250 GAL M(

A

I~7Z SF

M1N/tNhl 1A

Ty~ofil SAND AND SfLT

7az~rtal~leclapth: N/A

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iN EAC€i ROt

LD LAh[E

From prapercy line:

Frain ptogert~- line

Name o~ C3cvner: !.~ EC~~ "~- ~. i ~f~t~ f~'/i°i~,=j 1 ~G~~

Telephone Nurser ~ d°` `- ~lC~~ ~ `'l

address of Chvner (Mailing Adrlr~v3} 2 i-5`~ ~}L~.r 1~

kc4:seL: L~? -Q~ LZ

Legal Description of Propased Site d~~~~~L

X63 i`*-~o~r~P-fl-~ tr€~:~s ~j`~,

Sewage System lnssalier's ivame

Telephone umber

tnstaler Address

Zoning of Lot

Type of user Supply: Municipal l~~ellDepth of ?ell f ~~

Bc Cormty Amendment, lofts are considered 6edr~~ms ~c~etlter d'Zere is a ek~set or nat. Qther rooms dzsiQated as

dens", etc. crrzi.'r he eansidered bedrooms if There is a closet in chem. Septic systems are sized by the rseurel:~ ofhedrormas, nc+t bathrcx}ms.

Numberot`$edrvatns'

utr~beroE~iEts ~ ~ i

umber of Dens. Studies, C>>t`f€eest,~th Closets

T~'1"flI,

Type of €;onstruetion

YC3U HALTE' YES NO

Autoa~tasie Cl~rhes LVasht~r ~

Garbage Disposal ..~Basemenr P2unthng

App2icatian icx an individual se~°age du~~al system pereaut is hereby submitted t ~ethet with all re~.rired puns,specifications, test results, suppier~entary informatien aril processing tee o{Rt ii'.C~^. "lbe ixtdivid~,tal sewage system csill

be constructed and installed. in accordance ct-ith regulat€ons ger[a-:saing to indit>idual sewage disposal s,%stems cr2tlun

Grand County:. (Grand Caunty Board o~ Health Iiesolut€on hiumEser E9'"'t8-<i-L or the most recent amend ~~ersion.}

1~~ ~c:s~,: t -zra~y ~Si. u'~e tfrnur.:a ~ore~te4 rrt::Fcs ~yyiicati~v: j:rr~r:2 is rru~.r, [f.z 6ac aj myI<me~cc~lz;~:.. ` u.;so€afc;~e xe,:a~r of :m rlJerrruz¢~~r.hezc en~:3rt~'riarrus:rihtdzr>xaxumy ma~rz:^.~ u~-;}a cius abp~fxx~a; fem~ ~xni re,~`S v4ct ? 5~:~ rz:xd rcru' ua3e:~ssaw :xi2 uijrnrxs_rucnc cvv~s~r=xd .~ .c+r~ sw:h

rt~erF.~. 3 do nerzby rgree to cm,::Dk~ urzh ~I r2.¢cra ,v_; riraceg xc ir,3ns~eti sze:~~za`~s'jxsas anti,-ms :ai szt fcntii ~ri ('rra3z3t_;aur:ry .'3azrd cf Hertlchreuda;:~r :'~-.,md~~ i 9I~-b- I a' cF~ ...

us+~unzzu~ j>;s ~ 7m~ r~fii:cde,: r;,3c I~x~sp_m;rirs,~r ~ u~ ..E~;xrc:gecr>azmer+x ar+~: or ~.:p<;~W3.

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GFE1= 75 GPf~Gaiiora`sper dayM~=5(#% max ~ouv

4= tiff Gab's Q= F X GPD X Q~

Tanki+sg Reza

S= 1i~b.E3€3 Gats

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GI~tt3i71VI3 ~'~'i'It ~31tB~I3RE3Ci£ ~~tr43€7~TEidE~ = Nane

SCIAIs E3I, sPEC°I€'iD1VS

I . In-Tank E€3luent Falter itequared.2. The engineer of record, Ground Engineering Consultants, Inc., shall inspect

and approve in writing, the excavation, soat andlor any fill material and the

final eanstructian ofthe septic system prior to the final inspection by the

Grand County Building and Sanitation Dept.

P:3 ~ ~G ~}.~'4~CT` ~ ~ t ~~'~ Sl S1 ~~S° F 0.~ ~ Fc~~-r/x ('i~'('C , o

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Begin

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Coszcrefe Gy

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Mod Proctor

Grada#ian

41 €nve€aess Drive East

Englewood, CQ 8aY92

TeI. {$Ct3) 28g 1983Far: {303j 2891o8S

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Gradation Other

49 Inverness DrlY2-East Office LocationsEngtewaad, CO &39 #2 _ Engtewaod, Commerce City.

Tai. (343} 2S9 9959 LoveEand; z?jan5yzllLFR ~["rS.E~L.

Fax: {343)2897a"$B Gyasum

R l

Job Number 08-2058

Prepared for:

BAs. Linda Fiatter~ac13032 est JeovelE Circle

Lakew~®od, Colorado 80228

epterber 10, ZOUB

z=~~sr~EE~t~G ~or~su~r~€vrs i~c

49 InvernessDrive East, Eng3ewonn+ CO 80112.5492 Phane (363} 288-1389 Fax (303} 289.9588 ww4v.groundeng.corr~4fE1ee tncaticns: Engte4vond Cnecsmerca City • Zoveland Granny Gypsum

Table o€ Contents

Page

Purpose and Scope of Study ................._......._.........___. 1

Proposed Construction ..................__.........._..............._... 1

Site Conditions ..........._ ...................._.._................._........ 2

Subsurface Expioration ................................._.................. 2

Laboratory Testing ............................................................. 3

Subsurface Conditions .............._........................................ 3

Building Foundations ..............._......................................._ 4

Floor Systems ..............................._.............._.................... 7

Foundation Wafis .............................................._................ 11

Water Soluble Sulfates ....................................................... 12

Radon Potential ..................................._...._..........._.._....... 12

Site Grading ..................................._................................._. 13

Excavation Considerations .............................._............._.. 14

Subsurface Moisture Infiltration and Drainage ................._.. 16

Surfaee Drainage ..._ ................._........................................ 17

Individual Septic System Recammendations ....................... 20

Individual Septic System Guide Specifications .............._.... 23

Septic System Maintenance ..............._............................._ 24

Closure ..........._.........._ ....................._.............................. 24

Location of Test Hoies .........._ ...................................._..... Figure 1

Logs of Test Holes ........_ ................................................... Figure 2

Legend and Nates ......................._....................._............. Figure 3

Bearing Capacity Chart ..................._.................._............... Figure 4

Typical Underdrain Details..._..._ .........................................Figures 5 and 6

Summary of Sails Tests ..............................................._.._ Table 1

Percolation Test Resu(ts .................._...._.........._......_........Appendix A

Septic System Sizing Calculations........____......_...._ ..........Appendix B

Articles of Septic System Maintenance ................_......._...._ Appendix C

Larrayne subdivision, Lot t

Grand County, Colorado

REYflSED

PURPt?SE ANC3 SCC3PE OF STUDY

This report presents the results of a subsurface exploration program performed byGround Engineering Consultants, inc., (GROUND) in order to develop geotechnicai and

individual septic system recommendations for the proposed single-family residence to be

constructed within the Larrayne Subdivision on Lot 1, located in Grand County,Colorado. Our wank was performed in general accordance with GROUND's proposalnumber 0808-1890 dated August 12, 20€38. Any prospective buyer or future ownershipmust be made aware of and must agree to the terms, conditions, and liability limitations

outlined in the proposal.

A subsurface exploration program was conducted to obtain informafian on subsurface

conditions. Material samples obtained during the subsurface exploration were tested in

the laboratory to provide data on the classification and engineering characteristics of the

an-site soils. The results of the subsurface exploration and laboratory testing are

presented herein.

This report has been prepared to summarize the data obtained and to present our

conclusions and recommendations based an the proposed construction and the

subsurface conditions encountered. Design parameters and a discussion of engineeringconsiderations related to canstructiar. of the proposed residence are included herein.

f~ROPOSEE~ COtdSTRUCTIC3ht

We understand that the proposed single-family residence will be constructed as a

conventional wand-framed, two-story structure. We aEso understand that no below grade

basement) Ievefs are planned at this time. Furthermore, minima( material cuts andlar

fills (2 feet or less) will be necessary to construct the building pad. Structure Toads are

anticipated to be light, typical of wood-framed single-family construction. We also

understand that the septic system wiPi be sized fora 4-bedroom single-family residence

effluent flow.

If proposed construction, loadings, number of bedrooms, and/or the anticipated site

grading are different than as described above, GROUND should be contacted to re-

evaluate the recommendations in this report.

Job No. 08-2058 GROUND engineering Consultants, Inc. Page ?

Lorrayne Subdivision, Lot'.Grand County, Colorado

REV6SED

SITE GQC}i7€ORlS

The site was vacant at the time of our subsurface exploration. The observed vegetationon the site generally consisted of native grasses, weeds, and evergreen trees. Sased

solely an visual observations performed at the time of our field visit, the site was gently

rolling and sloping at gradients of approximately 10 to 20 percent; descending in all

directions away from the proposed pudding footprint. The elevation difference across the

site was approximately 30 to 40 feet or more. The elevation difference across the

proposed residence footprint was approximately 3 feet. The elevation difference across

the proposed absorption field was approximately 2 feet or less.

SCtE3SURFAGE EXPLORATION

The subsurface exploration for the project was conducted in August, 2008. Twa test

holes were drilled in the vicinity of the approximate building footprint with a traak-

mounted, continuous flight, power auger rig to evaluate subsurface conditions, as well as

to retrieve samples for laboratory testing and analysis. One profile test hale (S1) was

drilled near the proposed absorption field to evaluate the soil profile. In addition, three

additional shallow test holes were drilled within the proposed absorption field area to

conduct percolation tests. These shallow test holes were excavated to depths of

approximately 3 feet below the existing grades. A GROtlND engineer directed the

subsurface exploration, logged the test pits in the field and prepared the samples far

transport to our laboratory.

Relatively undisturbed samples of the subsurface materials were taken with a 2-inch I.Q.

Oafifornia" -type liner sampler. The sampler was driven into the substrata with blows

from a 140-pound hammer falling 30 inches. This procedure is similar to the Standard

Penetration Test described by ASTM Method D1586. Penetration resistance values

blows per distance driven, typically 12 inches); when properly evaluated, indicate the

relative density er consistency of sails and bedrock.

The approximate locations of the test holes are shown in Figure 1. Lags of the

exploratory test holes are presented in Figure 2. Explanatory notes and a legend are

provided in Figure 3.

Job No. OS-2058 GRaUND Engineering Consultants, Inc. Page 2

Lorrayne SubdivisSon, Loi 1Grand Counfy, Colorado

REV6SEU

LAB€}RATORY TESTING

Samples retrieved from our test hales were examined and visually classified in the

laboratory by the project engineer. Laboratory testing of soil samples obtained from the

subject site included standard property tests, such as native moisture contents, grainsize analysis, and liquid and plastic limits. Swell-consolidation and water-soluble sui€ate

cantent tests were performed on a selected sample as well. Laboratory tests were

performed in genera! accordance with applicable ASTM protacois. Data from the

laboratory-testing program are summarized on Table 1.

SUBSURFACE CONDITIt3NS

The subsurface conditions encountered in the test holes generally consisted of native

sands and silts that extended to the test hole termination depths of approximately 10 to

20 feet befiow the existing grades. Sandstone bedrock was encountered, in Test Hole 2,

underlying the sands and silts at a depth of approximate{y 20 feet below existing gradeand extended to the test hose termination depth of approximately 25 feet below existinggrade.

Gobbles and boulders were not encountered during the subsurface exploration below

the existing grades. However, due to the mountainous terrain, in cur experience it is

common to encounter these types of materials during construction. Therefore, the

Contractor should be prepared to handle these types of materials including bou6der

removal, if encountered.

Sands and Silts generally classified as sEightiy to very silty sands and sandy silts with

localized clay lenses. The sands and silts were fine to medium to coarse grained with

localized gravels, Eow to moderately plastic, stiff/medium dense to hard/dense, slightlymoist to moist, and pale brown to brown in color.

Sandstone bedrock was slightly to very silty, fine to medium to coarse grained, non-to

low plastic, very dense; slightEy moist to moist, and bro4vn to gray-brawn in coldr.

Groundwater was not encountered at the time of the subsurface exploration program, at

depths of up to approximately 1Q feet below existing grades. Groundwater levels can

fluctuate, however, in respansa to annual and longer-term cycles of precipitation,

Job lvo,. OS-2058 GROt1ND Engineering Corsuifants, tnc. Page a.

Lorrayrta Su6diuisian, #_nt t

Grae€d County, Cn#ora6n

REVISED

irrigation, snawmeft, surface drainage and land use, anal the development and drainageof transient, perched wafer conditions.

ft has been our experience that surface and groundwater levels fluctuate greatly in

mountainous aeeas, primarily due to seasonal conditions such as spring runoff. These

conditions are often highly variable and difficult to predict. Although these conditions

generally exist for 1 to 3 months annually, their impact on design can be significant. In

Grand County, it is common during construction to encounter dry conditions ir, the Fali

and wet conditions in the Spring with relatLe groundwater fluctuations of 10 feet or

more. This is particularly critical for foundation and deep utility excavations, cut slopes,culvert sizing, and for development adjacent to intermittently dry streams or rivers.

Furthermore, if development has not established positive surface drainage, particularly

prior to temporary winter shut-down procedures, other components of partial and

complete development are compromised. GRCIUND recommends that the Contractor

and the Project Team consider these complex conditions prior to commencingconstruction.

BllILDING fC}U~D~Tt~~S

Based on the data obtained during the subsurface exploration, results of the laboratory

testing; the nature of the proposed structure and the anticipated foundation elevations,

the proposed structure may be supported on a shallow foundation system.

The design and construction criteria presented below should be observed far a spread

footing foundation system. The construction details should be considered when

preparing project documents. The precautions and recommendations provided below

will not prevent movement of the footings if the underlying materials are subjected to

alternate wetting and drying cycles. However, the recommended measures will tend to

make the movement more uniform, and reduce resultant damage if such movement

occurs.

1; The footings should bear on undisturbed, firm native soils or on similar soils

placed as a uniform thickness layer of properly compacted fill.

Recommendations for fill placement and subgrade preparation are provided in

the Srfe grading section of this report.

JoS No. OS-205& GRQUPdD Engineer€ng CansuEtants, l:~c. Page

Lorrayne Subdi-risian, Lot t

Geand County, Cotorado

REVtSEa

2) Footings bearing on undisturbed, firm native soils or on similar soils plaeed as a

uniform thickness Payer of praperly compacted fil: may be designed far an

allowable soi bearing pressure (c~, } cf 3,©OG psf under drained eonditians. This

value may be increased by ' i3 for transient loads such as wind ar seismic

loading. Based on this al'owable bearing capacity, we anticipate post-

canstructien vertica€ movements of approximately 1 inch. For other estimated

settlements, allowable bearing pressure values can be obtained from Figure 4.

3} The recommended allowable bearing pressure was based on an assumption of

drained conditions. If foundation materials become wet, the effective bearing

capacity will be reduced and larger past-construction movements than those

estimated above may result.

4} In areas where fasting excavations expose very moist to wet soils; a layer of lean

concrete or gravel should be pEaced in the bottom of foundation excavations prior

to steel and concrete placement. This "mud mat" wilt reduce disturbance of the

natural soils caused by construction operations. Disturbing the native soils will

increase potential settlements.

b} If stable subgrade conditions cannot be achieved by placing a "mud mat", Then

placement of geotextile reinforcement and additional imported granular fill

placement may be necessary to achieve a stable platform for foundation

construction. Detailed recommendations regarding stabilization of soft and wet

subgrades can be provided upon request based on actual conditions

encountered.

6} The Contractor should take extreme care not to allow water to pond within the

foundation excavations. if water is allowed to pond within the foundation

excavations, significant re-working, placement of geotextile reinfcrcement and

imported granular frEl may also be necessary to achieve stable platform for footing

placement.

r} Spread footings should have a minimum fooling dimension cf 18 inches. Acfua(

footing dimensions, however, should be determined by the Structural Engineer,

based on the design loads.

Job ivo. C8-2J58 GRQUN'J Engsaee€ittg Caesul€an~, lnc. P2ge 5

Lorrayne Su6dtvisior,, E_ot 1

Grand County, Cotarado

REV€SECS

8) Footings should be provided with adequate sail cover above their bearingelevation for frost protection. Foatngs should be placed at a bearing elevation

3.5 or more feet below the lowest adjacent exterior finish grades.

9) Continuous foundation walls should be reinfarced top and bottom to span an

unsupported length of at (east 1©feet.

10) In order to reduce differential settlements between footings or along continuous

footings, footing loads should be as uniform as possible. Qifferentia(iy loaded

footings wiH settle differentially.

11) The lateral resistance of spread footings will be developed by sliding resistance

of the footing bottoms an the foundation materials and by passive soil pressure

against the sides of the footings. Sliding €riction at the bottom of the footings may

be taken as Q.30 times the vertical dead load. Passive pressure may be

computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid unit weight of 3Ct} pcr', up to a

maximum of 3;OQ0 psf. The upper feat of embedment should not be relied upon

for passive resistance, however..

12} Compacted fill placed against the sides of the footings should be compaoted in

accordance with the recommendations in the Site Grading section of this report.

13) Care should be taken when excavating the foundation to avoid disturbing the

supporting materials. Hand excavation ar careful backhae soil removal may be

F required in excavating the last few inches.

14} Foundation soils may be disturbed ar deform excessively under the wheel loads

of heavy construction vehicles as the excavations approach footing levels.

Construction equipment should be as light as possible to limit development of

this condition. The use of track-mounted vehicles is recommended since theyexert lower contact pressures. The movement of vehicles over proposed

foundation areas should be restricted.

i5} AI( footing areas should be compacted with a vibratory plate compactor prior to

placement of concrete.

ic6 No. p8-2J58 GRaiJN6 Engineering Consultants, !nc. ? age fi

Lorrayna Subdivision, Lot 1

Grand Caunty, Co€arada

REVISED

A Geotechnical Engineer should be retained to observe ail footing excavations prior to

placement of concrete.

FC.OOR SYSTEMS

The type of floor system planned for the proposed single-family residence was oat

known at the time of report preparation. Therefore, we are providing construction

considerations for both Structural Floor Systems and Slab-on-Grade Floor Systems.

1) Structural Floors Constructed Over a Crawl Space:

Structural floors should be constructed to span above swell-ventilated crawl space. The

crawl space should be adequate to alEow access and maintenance to utility piping.

Piping connections through the floor should alEow for differential movement between the

piping and the floor system. If a wooden structural Floor system is used, particular care

should be taken to design and maintain the under-floor ventilation systems in order to

reduce potential deterioration of the wooden structural members. A minimum 1 Q-mil un-

reinforced polyethylene vapor retarder ( sheet material) should be considered for

installation befaw all structurally supported below-grade floors and should be properly

attached>sealed to foundation walls. The sheet material should not be attached to

horizontal surfaces such that condensate might drain to wood or corrodible metal

surfaces.

New buildings generally tack ventilation due primarily to systematic efforts to construct

airtight, energy-efficient structures. Therefore, areas such as crawl spaces beneath

structural floors are typically areas of elevated humidity which never completely dry.

This condition can be aggravated in some locations by shallow groundwater or a

perched groundwater condition, which can result in, saturated soils within close proximity

of finished building pad grades. Persistently warm, humid conditions in the presence of

cellulose; which is the base material found in many typical construction products, creates

an ideal environment for the growth of fungi, molds, and mildew. Published data

suggest finks between molds and negative health affects. Therefore, GROUND

recommends that crawC spaces beneath structural floors be provided with adequate,

positive active ventilation systems or other active mechanisms such as specially

designed HVAC systems (as well as property constructed and maintained underdrains)

to reduce the potentiaP for mold, fungus and mildew growth. Crawl spaces should be

ic6 rJo. 08-2058 GROUND Engineering £onsuttants, tn~. Page 7

Lorrayne Subdivision, Lat 1

Grand County, Colorado

REVISE©

inspected periodically so that remedial measures can be taken in a timely manner:

should mold, fungus or mildew be present and require removal.

The Owner must be willing to accept the risks of potential mold, fungus, and mildew

growth when electing to utilize a structure! floor system. Additionally, the Contractor is

solely responsible far the construction means and methods: and any observation or

testing performed by a representative of the Geotechnica! Engineer during canstruotion

does not relieve the Contractor of that responsibility.

Mold Growth AreaslConditians for Growth far Structural Floors

1) Water damaged building materials or high moisture/humidity areas where

cellulose-containing materials are used:

i. Wallboard/Sheetrock

ii. MDFIOSB/€'lywoad

iii. Fibrous Ceiling Tiles

iv. Paper-backed Insulation

v. Jule-backed Carpet

vi. Hardwood Flooring

2} Condensation inside buildings Pram pipes, baths, heaters, and dryer vents

3} Relative humidify greater than 55%

4) Temperatures of 86 to 104 °F.

5} " Wet" areas that do not dry out after 24 hours.

tvta!d does not require a light source in order to grow and can grow inside wails, behind

tubsishowers, under carpet and flooring undetected.

Iao No. OS-2058 GROUND Engineering Consutanss, Inc. Page 8

Lorrayne Subdivis€an, i_at i

Grand County, Catarado

R~ViSED

2} Slab-on-Grade F6~ars:

Slab-an-grade construction should be used only if the Owner understands and accepts

the risk of post-construction slab movements. Fost-construction slab movements are

directly related to changes in moisture contents of the underlying soils after construction

is completed.

If slab-on-grade construction is used in accordance with the folEowing criteria; potentialfor slab movement wilE not be eliminated; but wll tend to reduce the magnitude of the

movements, make them more uniform, and reduce resultant damage where movement

does occur. We anticipate post-construction vertical movements of approximately 1 inch

if slab-on-grade construction is utilized with proper surface and subsurface drainage. if

floor slab subgrade materials become wet larger post-construction movements than

those estimated above may result.

1} The area on which the slab-on-grade floor will be cast should be excavated

andJor scarified to a depth of 12 inches. The excavated andfor scarified soils

should be re-compacted as properly moisture-conditioned and compacted fill as

outlined in the Site Grading section of this report.

2} A Geoteehnical Engineer should be retained to observe the prepared surface on

which the floor slab will be cast prior to placement of reinforcement. Loose, soft

or otherwise unsuitable materials should be excavated and replaced with

properly compacted fill; placed in accordance with the recommendations in the

Site Grading section of this report.

3} The slab should be separated from ail bearing walls and columns with slip joints,

which allow unrestrained vertical movement. Joints should be observed

perlOdlCafly, particularly during the first several years after construction. Slab

movement can cause previously free-slipping joints to bind. s'l+Peasures should be

taken to assure that slab isolation is maintained in order to reduce the likelihood

of damage to walls and other interior improvements: inc{uding door frames,

plumbing fixtures, etc.

4} Concrete slabs-on-grade should be placed on properly prepared subgrade. Theyshould also be constructed and cured according tc applicable standards and be

Job No. 0&-2G~8 GR4UNa Engineering Cansuitants, inc. Page 9

Lorrayne cu6division, Lot f

Grand Caurty; Colorado

REVISED

provided with properly designed and constructed control joints. The design and

construction of such joints should acaounf far cracking as a resutt of shrinkage,

tension, and loading; curling; as well as proposed stab use. Joint layout based on

the slab design may require more frequent, additional; or deeper joints, and

should also be based on the ultimate use and configuration of the slabs. Areas

where slabs consist of interior corners or curves (at column blockouts or around

corners} or where slabs have high length to width ratios, high degree of slopes,

th€ekness transitions, high traffic loads, or other unique features should be

carefully considered. The improper placement or construction of control joints will

increase the potential for slab cracking. AGI, A.ASHTO, and other industry groups

provide many guidelines far proper design and construction of concrete slabs on

grade and the associated jointing.

5} A floor slab should be adequately reinforced. Recommendations based on

structural considerations for slab thickness, jointing, and stee°s reinforcement in

floors€abs should be developed by fhe Structure( Engineer.

6} All plumbing Tines should be carefully tested before operation. Where plumbingFines enter through the floor, a positive bond' break should be provided. riexible

connections allowing 2 or more inches of vertical movement should be providedfar slab-bearing mechanical equipment.

7} i\Roisture can be introduced into a slab subgrade during construction and

additional moisture tuiR be released from the slab concrete as it cures. GROUiVD

recommends placement of a properly compacted layer of free-draining gravel, ~or more inches in thickness, beneath the slabs. This layer wiN he'sp distribute

floor slab loadings, ease construction, reduce capillary moisture rise; and. aid in

drainage. The free-draining gravel should contain less than 5 percent material

passing the No. 200 Sieve, more than 50 percent retained on the No. 4 Sieve,

and a maximum particle size of 2 inches.

The capillary break and the drainage space provided by the gravel layer also

may reduce the potential for excessive water vapor fluxes from the slab after

construction as mix eaater is released from the concrete. A vapor barrier beneath

a building floor stab can be beneficial with regard to reducing exferior moisture

moving into the building, but can retard downward drainage of construction

Jatr Nn. 08-2058 GROUtda'cngineesing Consultants, fnc. Fage !0

Lorrayne 3ubdivisian, Lot 4

Grand County, Ca#orada

P2EVIS=D

moisture. Uneven moisture release can result in slab curling. Elevated vapor

fluxes can be defrirnenta( fo the adhesion and performance of many floor

coverings and may exceed various flooring manufacturers' usage criteria.

Therefore; in light of the several, potentially conflicting effects of the use vapor-

barriers, the Owner and the Architect andtor Flooring Contractor should weigh

the performance of the slab and appropriate flooring products in light of the

intended building use, etc., during the floor system design process and the

selection of flooring materials. Use of a plastic vapor-barrier membrane may be

appropriate far some buildings or building areas and not far others.

FOUtdDAYtOR! VVALLs

Foundation walls which are laterally supported and can be expected to undergo only a

limited amount of deflection; i.e., an "at-rest" cond'€tion, should be designed to resist

latera! earth pressures computed using an equivalent fluid unit weight of 74 pcf where

on-site materials are used as baekfiCi.

The "at rest" Iaads recommended above are for well-drained conditions with a horizontal

upper baekfil( surface. The additional landing of an upward sloping backfitl, hydrostatic

Toads if sufficient drainage is not provided, as well as Toads from traffic, stackp1ed

materials, etc., should be included in foundation wall design.

Backfiil soils should be thoroughly mixed to achieve a uniform moisture content; placed

in uniform lifts not exceeding 8 inches in Loose thickness, and properly compacted in

accordance with the recommendations provided in the Site Grading section ofi this

report. The Contractor should take care not to over-compact the baekfills, which cauEd

result in excessive latera[ pressures on the walls.

The GeatechnEcal Engineer should be retained to observe the exposed excavation prior

to placement of backfili, observe earthwork operations; and test the soils.

Same settlement of wall backfills will occur even where the material was pieced

correctly. Thts settlement likely will be differentiae; increasing 4vith depth of fil3. Where

shallowly founded structures must be placed on backfiiied zones, structural design, pipe

connections, etc., should take into account baekfiii settlement; including differential

movement and the associated risks are understood by the Owiner. The Geotechnicai

Job No. C~9-2G58 uROf:N6 Engineeriru~ Coasulfants, €nc. Page ??

Lorrayne Subdivision, Lat i

Grand County, Colorado

REViSE~

Engineer should be retained to provide recommendations for founding improvements in

such areas.

taTEt2-3ULUBLE SEJLF3~TES

The cancentratiar, of water-salable sulfates measured in a selected sample retrieved

from the test hales did not exceed 0.02 percent by weight (see Table 1}. Such

concentrations of water-soluble sulfates represent a negligible degree of sulfate attack

on concrete exposed to these materials. Degrees of attack are based on the sea?e of

negligible,' 'moderate,° severe' and ' very severe` as described in the "Design and

Control of Concrete fixtures," published by the Portland Cement Association.

Based on these data GRC?U~D, makes no recammendat?on for use of a special, sulfate-

resistant cement in project concrete.

30N PCDTEMTiAL

Radon is a naturally occurring: colorless, odorless, radioactive gas that can cause lung

cancer, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The occurrence

of radon is difficu?t to predict, and structures with aIi types of foundations can be affected

by radon build up. Radon a(fowed to concentrate in an enclosed structure represents a

potential hazard. It is not a hazard that can be mitigated by geotechnicai measures,

hovsFever.

Testing for the possib€e presence of radon gas prior to project development does not

yield useful results regarding the potential accumulation of radon in completed

structures. Radon accumulations most typically are found in basements, erawt spacesor other enclosed portions of buildings built in areas underlain at relatively shallow

depths by granitic crystalline and gneissic bedrock. The IikeEEhoad of encountering radon

in concentrations exceeding applicable health standards on the subject sifie, underlain by

relative?y deep soils and sedimentary bedraek, is significantly Power, but cannot be

excluded. Additional information regarding. radon and radon-rssistant building designcan be obtained from the EPA (e.g., ~vww.epa.uav,`radon) as well as from many focal

building andfer health departments.

GRGUND recommends that radon testing be performed in the building on-site: after

construction is completed. However; we understand that incorporating sufficient

Job Na. i)•8-2Q5S GRaiJND Engineering Consultants, Inc. Paae i2

Lorrayne Subdivision, Let i

Grand County, Colorado

REYESE6

ventilation and other measures into a structure to address radon accumulation duringconstruction is significantly Pess costly than insiaE€ing them after construction has been

completed. We recommend that the Architect consider radon mitigative measures far

the proposed structure and incorporate appropriate systems into the design.

SITE GRRDE~lG

Based on visual observations, we assume material cuts andior fills of approximately 2

feet or Less wilt be necessary to achieve final grades and construct the building pad.

Prior to earthwork construction, vegetation, topsoil and other de€eterious materials

should be removed. Topsoil should not be incorporated into fil€ placed on the site.

Instead, topsoi€ should be stockpiled during initial grading operations for placement in

areas to be landscaped or far other approved uses.

Site grading should be planned carefully to provide positive surface drainage away from

the but€dings, and atl pavements, utility alignments, and f€atwork. Surface diversion

features should be provided around paved areas to prevent surface runoff from flowingacross the paved surfaces.

The site soils, that are free of organic materials, large cobbles and other deleterious

materials appear suitable for placement as compacted fill. Cobbles and rock fragments

larger than 12 inches in maximum dimension should not be incorporated into project fills.

Gobbles and rock fragments coarser than 6 inches in maximum dimension should not be

placed within 12 inches of any foundation element, utility €ine, or other structural

elements.

Care should be taken with regard to achieving and maintaining proper mosture contents

during placement and compaction. Laboratory testing indicated that some site soils are

silty. In our experience, achieving and maintaining compaction in such soils can be very

difficult. ~e anticipate that on-site soils may exhibit significant pumping, rutting, and

deflection at moisture contents near optimum and above. The Contractor sFotild be

prepared to handle soils of this type, including the use of chemical stabilization; if

necessary.

If it is necessary to import material to the site as fill, the imparted soils should be free of

topsoil, organic material; claystone and other deleterious materials. Imported material

Job Ne. 08-2058 _ GROllNa Enginzering ConsuPtants, 7rc. Page 13

Larrayne Subd'€vision, Lot Y

Grand County, Colorado

REVISED

should have less than 50 percent passing the No. 200 Sieve and should have a plasticity

index of 10 or less. Any imported material proposed for fill, should be approved by the

Geotechnical Engineer prior to import.

Soils that classify as GP, GW, GM, GG, SP, SW, SM or SC in accordance with the

tJSGS classification system should be compacted to 95 or mare percent of the maximum

modified Proetar dry density at moisture contents within 2 percent of optimum moisture

content as determined by ASTM D1557. Soils that classify as CL, CH; ML ar MN should

be compacted to 95 percent of the maximum standard Proctor density at moisture

contents from 1 percent below to 3 percent above the optimum as determined by ASTM

D69&. if surfaces to receive fill expose loose, wet, soft or otherwise deEeterious material,

additional material should be excavated or other measures taken, to establish a firm

platform for filling.

Fill materials should be thoroughly mixed to achieve a uniform moisture content, placed

in uniform lifts not exceeding 8 inches in loose thickness, and properly compacted as

mentioned in the previous paragraph. No fiI€ materials should be placed, worked, rolled

while they are frozen, thawing; or during poorlinclement weather conditions.

A Geotechnical Engineer should be retained to observe the exposed excavation surface

prior to placement of fill, and observe earthwork operations and test the soils.

Permanent site slopes supported by on-site soils up to 5 feet in height should be

constructed no steeper than 3:1 ( horizontal : vertical). Minor raveling or surficiaf

sloughing should be anticipated on slopes cut at this angle until vegetation is weEl re-

established. Surface drainage should be designed to direct water away from slope

faces.

E~C~~ATI~~tCONSdI~ERATtE?N5

The test holes for the subsurface exploration were advanced to the depths indicated on

the test hole logs by means of atrack-mounted, continuous fligFt, power auger rig. We

anticipate no unusual excavation difficulties for the proposed construction in these

materials with conventiana!, heavy-duty excavating equipment in good working

condition.

Job No. SOS-2058 GROU~6 Engineeri7g Consultants, Inr. Faoe ;4

orrayne subdivision, Uat i

Grand County; Goiarada

REVBSED

As previously mentioned, the possibility of encountering cabbies and boulders exists on-

site. The Contractor should be prepared to handle these materials including bou=der

removal, if encountered.

GroundGVater was not encountered during the subsurface exploration to depths of

approximately 25 feet below existing grades. Based on the likely depths of earthworkng

and construction, groundwater is not anticipated to be a significant factor for shallow

earthworks during construction of this project, although elevated moisture contents in the

soils in the lower portions of project excavations should be anticipated by the Contractor.

If seepage or groundwater is encountered in shallow project excavations; the

Geotechnicai Engineer should evaluate the conditions and provided additional

recommendations, as appropriate.

The risk of slope instability evil( be significantly increased in areas of seepage along the

excavation slopes. In areas where seepage is encountered, the slopes should be re-

evaluated by the Geotechnical Engineer.

Vus recommend that temporary, un-shored excavation stapes up to 10 feet in height be

cut no steeper than 2'/ to 1 ( Horizontal to Vertical) in the site soils in the absence of

seepage. Sloughing on the slope faces should be anticipated at this angle. Local

conditions encountered during construction; such as loose, dry sand, or soft or wet

materials, or seepage will require flatter stapes. Stockpiling of materials should not be

permitted closer to the fops of temporary slopes than 5 feet ar a distance equal to the

depth of the excavation, which ever is greater.

Should site constraints prohibit the use of the recommended slope angles, than

temporary sharing should be used. Shoring designed to allow the soils to deflect

sufficiently to utilize the full active strength of the soils may be designed for lateral earth

pressures computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid unit weight of 53 pounds per

cubic foot (paf; for a well-drained and level adjacent ground cenditian. En addition to this

lateral earth pressure,. shoring design should [ nclude surcharge loads exerted by

equipment, traffic, material stockpiles, etc. Actual sharing systems} should be designed

for the Contractor by a registered engineer.

Good surface drainage should be provided around temporary excavation stapes to direct

surface runoff away t'rem the slope faces. A properly designed drainage swats should

Jeb No. OS-2058 GROUND Engineering Consultants, knc. Page i5

Lorrayns SuSdivisian, Lof

G€and C©uniy, Colorado

REV€SE6

be provided at the tap of the excavations. in no case should water be allowed to pond at

the site. Slopes should also be protected against erosion. Erosion along the slopes will

result in sloughing and could Iead to a slope failure.

Excavations in which personnel will be working must comply with ail OSHA Standards

and Reauiations. The Contractor's "responsible person'' should evaluate the soil

exposed in the excavations as pare of the Contractor's safety procedures. GROl3NcC has

provided the information above soEely as a service to the Client and is not assuming

responsibility for construction site safety or the Contractor's activities.

SUBSURF.9CE MMt3tSTUEI~FiLTATIO Ait1® DR~fN~GE

Common practice for the combination of soil and foundation system proposed for this

project includes the installation of perimeter underdrains. As a component of project civil

design, properly functioning, subsurface drain systems (underdrains} can provide an

added level of protection by draining saturated conditions near building foundations

should they arise, and limiting the volume of wetted sail.

As previously mentioned in this report, project design should incorporate measures to

prevent water from wetting the project soils. Surface drainage gradients, pavements,

fiatwork, piping, drainage structures, etc., should be maintained during and after

construction to prevent infiltration. Pipes, below-grade drainage structures, etc.,. should

be maintained during and after constructioneo prevent infiltration.

it is the responsibility of the design team, Ownership, as well as the construction and

maintenance Contractor(s) within their respective disciplines, and in accordance with

their familiarity with the site conditions, to evaluate the possible sources of water that

could affect the project area and provide design andior construction measures that

address the conditions, sa that moisture is directed away from the foundations and

supporting materials prior to being allowed to infiltrate the subsurface, both during and

after construction. Wetting ar drying of the foundation excavations and undersiab areas

should be avoided during and after construction as well as throughout the life of the

structure. Permitting increases/variations in moisture to the supporting soils may result

in a decrease in bearing capacity and an increase in total andlor differential movements.

Job Na. 08-2058 fiRQUNa E.^.g;nze€tng ConSU(tarfs, inc. Paye '6

Lorrayne SubdivPs3an, Lot 1

Grand Cauniy, CaBarada

REVdSED

GROtiN[} recommends that a properly ccnstructed underdrain be incorporated into the

project design. The underdrain system should consist of perforated PVC coilection pipe

of least 4 inches in diameter, non-perforated PVC discharge pipe at Least 4 inches in

diameter, free-draining gravel, and filter fabric. The free-draining grave( should contain

less than 5 percent passing the No. 200 Steve and more than 50 percent retained on the

No. 4 Sieve, and have a maximum particEe size of 2 inches. Each collection pipe shoo?d

be surrounded on the sides and top only with 6 or mare inches of free-draining grave(.The gravel surrounding the collection pipe should be wrapped with filter fabric to reduce

the migration of fines into the drain system.

The high point(sl of the drainpipe should be placed at least 6 inches below the bottom of

the footings. The trench in which the drainpipe will be constructed should be graded at a

minimum slope of 1 percent to one or mare sumps from which wafer can be removed by

pumping or to an outlet for gravity discharge.

in addition to the recommended underdrain system; proposed residence foundation

walls should be backed with a layer of geocomposite drainage medium, e.a:, an

appropriate MiraC7rain® praduct or equivalent. The drainage praduct backing the waif

should be in hydraulic connection with the perimeter underdrain system.

Typical crass-section details of underdrains, as recommended above, are provided in

Figures 5 and 6.

GRC3UN'Q recommends that the project Civil Engineer, based on final site grades and

finished floor elevations, should design the actual layout, outlets, and locations for the

underdrain system.

5lfRFACE ~RAi~7AGE

The following drainage precautions should be obsented during construction and

maintained at all times after the residence has been completed:

t~ Wetting ar drying of the foundation excavations, underslab areas, and absorption

field should be avoided during construction.

Positive surface drainage measures should be provided and

reduce wafer infiltration into foundation and absorption field soils

maintained to

The ground

Joo Nc. 08-2058 GROUND Engineering Consultants, tnc. Page i7

Larrayne SubdivEs€an, Lot 1

Grand County; Colorado

REViSE€3

3}

41

surface surrounding the exterior of the building and the absorption field should be

sloped to drain a4vay from the foundaticn in alI directions. V4'e recommend a

minimum slope of 12 inches in the first 10 feet in landscaped areas and 3 inches

in the first 1Q feet in areas where hardseaping covers the ground adjacent to the

structure. ( It may be necessary to incorporate ramps or ether measures into

project design to implement this recommendation while complying with access

requirements.} In no case should wafer be allowed to pond near or adjacent to

foundation elements. Ponding will Eead to increased infiltration and past-

construction building movements.

Drainage measures also should be included in project design to direct water

away from sidewalks and other hardseaping as well as uti{ity trench alignments

which are likely to be adversely affected by moisture-volume changes in the

underlying soils or by the flow of infiltrating water. Routine maintenance of site

drainage should undertaken throughout the design life of the project.

In GROUND's experience, ii is common during construction that in areas of

partially completed paving or hardseaping, bare sail behind curbs and gutters,and utility trenches, water is allowed to pond after rain or snow-melt events.

Wetting of the subgrade can result in loss of subgrade support and increased

settlements !increase heave. By the time final grading has been completed,

sgnifieant volumes Of water can already have entered the subgrade, leading to

subsequent distress and failures. The Contractor should maintain effective site

drainage throughout construction so that water is directed into appropriate

drainage structures.

The ground surface near foundation elements and the absorption field should be

abEe to convey water away readily. Gabbles or other materiels that tend to act as

baffles and restrict surface flow should not be used to cover the ground surface

near the foundations.

Roof downspouts and drains should discharge well beyond the perimeters of the

structure foundations,. or be provided with positive conveyance off-site for

collected waters. Downspouts should not discharge into the building underdrain

system.

Job No. C8-<<^G58 .GROUND Engineer€ngCansuEFants; Inc. Page 18

Lorrayne Suodlvrslon, Lot 1

Grand County, Colarada

REVISE©

dun experience indicates that most residences in the Grand County area are not

provided with roof drains and gutters. The main reason for not including such

systems appears to be the possibility of damage that may result from snow and

ice accumulation. Therefore, after snowmeEt and heavy rains, significant

amounts of water discharging from the roof can be introduced into surface and

subsurface soils near foundation elements (faundation footings, foundation walls,

etc.}. Introduction of water into building foundation systems and backfrll sots may

cause damage to structures due to increased lateral Loads and reduction of soil

bearing capacity. In addition, introduction of water will cause settlement of

faundation backfill and related distress to exterior flatwork; and other components

of the residence such as deck foundations, that are supported within the

faundation backfiii zone.

There are various provisions such as roof heating systems and snow guards that

can be incorporated into a roof design to property drain water discharging from

the roof away from the residence. The Project Design Team should consider

incorporating such systems in order to control roof water discharge and direct it

wet( beyond the perimeters of the structures foundation elements.

5} Landscaping which requires watering should be located 10 or mare feet from

building and absorption field perimeters. Irrigation sprinkler heads should be

deployed so that applied water is not introduced into foundation soils.

Landscape irrigation should be limited to the minimum quantities necessary to

sustain healthy plant growth.

Use of drip irrigat€on systems can be beneficial far reducing over-spray beyond

planters. Drip irrigation also can be beneficial for reducing the amounts of water

introduced to building foundation sells, but only if the total volumes of applied

water are controlled with regard to limiting that introduction. Controlling rates of

moisture increase beneath the foundations and floors should take higher priority

than minimizing landscape plant losses.

Where plantings are desired within 10 feet of the structure, GRCJUND

recommends that the plants be placed in water-tight planters, constructed either

in-ground or above-grade, fo reduce moisture infiltration in the surrounding

Jatr No. 4&2458 GROlJh€7 Engineeeing Ceos:,ltants, inc. ? age 75

Larrayne Subdivision, oaf t

Grand County, Colorado

REV€SED

subgrade sons. Planters should be provided with positive drainage and

landscape underdrains.

6? Plastic membranes should not ba used tc cover the ground surfiace adjacent to

foundation walls. Perforated "weed barrier" membranes, which allow ready

evaporation. from the underlying soils may be used.

INS#~IDU,~L SEPTtC SYSTEM RECOMMENmATIO~S

Pereofataor9 Test Results;

Percolation tests were performed in accordance with appl'scable county and state

requirements in the site soils. The average percolation rate in these soils was found to

be 4~l minutes per inch. This percolation rate falls within the aliowabie range (5 minutes

per inch to 60 minutes per inch) for conventional absorption fields. Percolation tests

were conducted fn accordance with app€icable county and state requirements. The

percolation test data is shaven in Appendix A.

S#oaage:

For the proposed 4-bedroom single-famil}r residence, we have calculated a design flow

of 1,44Q gallons per day. The sewage volume calculations are shown in Appendix B.

The septic tank (or a series of tanks) should have a total capacity of at least 1,250

gallons per EPA and Statet)epartment of Health guidelines. Atypical cress-section of a

septic tank is provided in Appendix B.

Only a certified and qualified professional installer should be used to install ' these

systems. An effluent filter is recommended to reduce the flow of solids into the

absorption field. The septic tank(s) must be located at least 50 feet from any water welt,

spring, and suction lines. Please refer to Septic System Guide Speciircatiors section of

this report for additional information.

Abscarptfon Field S€zing:

The design and construction criteria presented below should be observed fior the

absorption field design. The construction details should be considered when preparing

project documents.

Job No. OS-2058 GRQUND 'engineer€ng. Consultants, tnc. Page 20

Lorrayna subdivisia+:, Lof 1

Grand Caursty, Catarado

REV!SEr~

Ghami~eretf Systerns:

Chambered systems are referred to as systems using a motded po!yolefin plastic. The

plastic is shaped to form a holiow structure with an exposed bottom area and inoreased

sidewa(I area for infiltration of efflueni into the soil. These systems do not require the

use of aggregate and Grand County allows a 35 percent reduction in absorption field

size when these systems are utilized instead of the conventional grave! and pipe

systems.

Chambered systems shauid be installed by a qualified and certified installer of these

systems. Installation shauEd be performed in general accordance with the manufacturers

and Grand County specifications. tutors information on these systems can be obtained

from; Gvit~nv.infiltratorsvstems.com. If a conventional graveUpipe absorption field is

preferred instead of the chambered system, recommendations in this regard can be

provided upon request. 8elaw is sizing criteria for a chamber absorption field in a bed

configuration:

1 } The seepage bed should have at eeast 3 feet of sci( cover over the chambers. In

no case more than 4 feet of soil cover should be placed shave the chambers.

2} It may be difficult to construct a large field on a sloping terrain and maintain the

3- to 4-foot cover depth. Therefore; depending on the actual site topography the

absorption fieid may be divided into 2 or more fields that are separated at (east

10 feet, edge-to-edge horizontal measurement, from each other.

3} The Bed System shauld consist of at least 160 Quick4C 'Standard' Chambers.

These chambers can be placed in an approximately 28 feet wide and 81 feet

long field, covering a total of 2,268 square-feet. The field can be constructed by

placing 8 raves consisting of 20 Quiek4® Standard' Chambers in each row.

C)ther configurations and chamber types can also be utilized and can be provided

upon request.

4) Please refer to Appendix 8 for bed sizing calculations and typical details.

5} Quiek4` 'Standard' Chamber raves shou#d have an edge-to-edge separation of at

least 6 inches. In addition, chamber rows shauld be placed 6-inches from the

seepage bed walls.

tab No. 08-c"05E GRO€JND Engineering aansuitants, [nc. Page 2?

Lorrayne Sue division, i-ot 1

Grand Couniy, Cniorado

r~EVISED

6; The seepage bed bottom should be level. Bed levelness should be verified and

documented using survey equipment. Maximum elevation difference across the

seepage bed bottom should not exceed 2 inches.

7} Rock pieces, gravel andtor cobbles; and soil clumps exceeding 3 inches in

diameter shat! not be used as backfill. When backfilling a chamber system, the

Contractor should fill the sidewall areas first and pack the fill by waking along the

edges of the chamber units prior tc placing soil over the top of the chambers.

8) GROUND recommends installation of at (east 2 inspection ports at the opposite

ends of the absorption field area from where effluent enters. inspection pipes

should have a minimum internal dimension of 4-inches and should extend to

finished grade. (Refer to Appendix 8 far a typical detail.)

Wastewater D€stribution:

Gravity flow and dosing are the two most common used distribution methods. Gravity

flow is the mast commonly used method because it is simple and inexpensive. However,

distribution of the effluent using gravity flcw systems is unequal and localized

overloading of the infiltration surface may occur which may result in poor treatment and

sail clogging. Although inefficient, gravity flow systems can work for seasons! homes

with intermittent use or for households with low occupancies. Seasonal use of septic

systems allows the infiltration surface to dry and the biomat to oxidize, which rejuvenates

the infiltratidn capacity. Low occupancies result in mass loading of wastewater

constituents that are lower and less likely to exceed the soils capacity to completely treat

the effluent.

Dosing achieves better distribution of wastewater effluent over the infiltration surface

than gravity flow systems and provides intervals between doses when no wastewater is

applied Dosed systems reduce the rate of sail clogging, and mare effectively maintain

unsaturated conditions in the soil. However, we understand That dosing systems are

commonly perceived as Tess desirable because they add a mechanical component to an

otherwise °passive" system and add cost because of the dosing equipment.

If the OwnerlBuilder considers a gravity flouv system than either a standard Tee fitting or

a distribution box method could be utilized to achieve even flow over the system.

Job Ne. 08--2058 GftQUND Engineerrrtg Cansuitants; Enc. Page 22

Lorravne Su6div€sion. Lott

Grand County, Colorado

REVISED

Recommendations on distribution box method are provided in the Appendix B seciion of

this report. Only a auaiified and certified installer of these systems should be used.

if the OwnerlBuiider considers a dosed-flow distribution system, additional

recommendations, once the final site layout is complete, regarding dosing systems can

be provided upon request. Please contact this office for more information..

INDIVIDUAL SEPTIC SYSTEM GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

1} All regulations of the Grand County and State of Colorado Department of

Environmental Health must be complied with.

2} Clearing of Absorption Field Area: Clearing should be limited to mowing and

raking because surface shoufd be minimally disturbed. (f trees must be removed,

they should be cut at the base of the trunk and removed without heavy

machinery. If it is necessary to remove the stumps; they should be ground out.

Grubbing of the site (mechanically raking away roots} should be avoided.

3} All construction equipment shall be kept off the proposed absorption field area.

Gore sha(I be taken not to compact the bottom of the absorption field ar to

smooth" or smear the soils. Front-end loaders and blades should not be used

because of their scraping action. The bottom of the absorption field should be

observed by the soils engineer prior to 6ackfifling.

4} Periodic inspections must be made by the Geotechnieal Engineer or CountySanitarian at the following points during construction:

a. After subgrade excavation and septic tank installation.

b. After placement of washed rock or chambers and pipes, but before theyare covered.

c. Upon completion of the project.

The Geotechnieal Engineer or County Sanitarian should be retained to observe

the construction of the individual septic system and absorption field as well as to

verify that the saiEs encountered coincide with those that were tested.

Job r;o. 0a-2058 GRaU3d6 Engineering Gonsu#tants, Bnt. Pace 23

Lorrayne Subd'€vision, Lot t

Grand Ceunty, Colorado

R~VISEC3

5} Aseptic tank shad have tGVO (2} or mere compartments or more than one (1 }tank

may be used in series to provide the following capacity arrangement. The first

compartment of a septic tank shall have between fifty (50°Y°} and sixty-seven

67°fo} percent of the required effective capacity.

6} The soil beneath the pipes entering and leaving a septic tank, which has been

excavated, shall be backfifisd in 8" lifts and mechanically compacted. Cast iron

pipe or PVC pipe meeting ASTt~t 3034 SDR 35 or Schedule 40 shall be used for

5 feet on either side of the tank.

7} Provide a minimum of 12" of sail cover over a!f pipes.

8} Before leaving the site, the area. around the absorption field should be graded to

divert af! surface runoffldrainage from the absorption field area. The backfill over

the absorption field should be mounded slightly to account for settling and

efiminafe depressions over the system that can allow ponding water. Ffnaffy, elf

disturbed surfaces should be covered with topsoil, heavily seeded and mulched.

The Homeowner should maintain the positive surface drainage over the

absorption field area throughout the life of the system.

91 The septic tank must be located at least 50 feet from any water we{i, spring and

suction €ines. The absorption field must be focafed at Least 1Q0 feet from any

water weft and at least'•.0 feet from property lines.

SEPTfC SYSTEE~ NiAINTEPt~NCE

All septic systems must be mainta;ned to operate properly. The homeowner shelf take

an active rote in maintaining their septic system. lMe have included three articles on

septic systems, provided by National Small Flows Giearinghouse, in Appendix C. The

homeowner should become familiar with the information contained within these

important documents. Additional Information can be found at National Small Flows

Clearinghouse website (hi¢p'hvva~:.nesc.w~,~u.edu,!nscf^sfc index htmi.

GI_OSUE

Geotechnical Rev#ew The poor performance of foundations and subsurface structures

has been directly attributed to inadequate geofechnicai review and earthGVOrk quality

Jc6 No. OS-2058 GROUND Eng"€neerin~ Consuttants, Inc. ? ale ~4

Lorrayne Su~divisicn, Lot t

Grand County, Catarado

REVISED

control. Therefore, a Geotechnical Engineer should to retained to review project plansand specifications to evaluate Uvhether they comply with the intent of the

recommendations in this report. The author of this report andlor the reviewing engineershould to contacted directly to pravrde this review. The review should be reported in

writing.

The geateahnical recommendations presented in this report are highly contingent upon

observation and testing of project earthevorks ty representatives of GRG~UND. If another

geotechnical consultant is selected to provide construation observation and quality

control, then that consultant must assume all responsit€fity for the geatechnicaP aspects

of the project by concurring in writing with the recommendations in this report, or ty

providing alternative recommendations.

Lsrnatatians This report has been prepared for Ms. Linda Hattentaah as it pertains the

design of the subject single-family residence project as described herein. It may not

contain sufficient information for other parties or ether purposes. !n addition, GROUND

has assumed that proiect construction evils commence by Fall 2009. Changes in project

plans ar schedule should to brought to the attention of the Geatechnical Engineer, in

order that the geotechnical recommendations may be re-evaluated and, as necessary,

modified.

The geatechnical conclusions and recommendations in this report retied upon a limited

number of subsurface exploration paints, as shown in Figure 1. Subsurface conditions

were interpolated between and extrapolated beyond these locations. Findings were

dependent on the limited amount of direct evidence attained at the time of this

geotechnical evaluation. Our recommendations were developed for site conditions as

described stove. Actual conditions exposed during construction may to antic€pated to

differ, somewhat, from those encountered during site exploration. If during construction,

surface, soil; tedrock, or groundwater conditions appear to be at variance with those

described herein, the Geatechnical Engineer should be advised at once, sa that re-

evafuatian of the recommendatlans may to made in a timely manner.

In addition, a Contractor who relies upon this report for development of his scope of work

or cost estimates may consider the geatechnica( information. in this report to be

inadequate for his purposes ar find the geotechnical conditions described herein to be at

variance with his experience in the greater project area. In such cases, the Contractor

Job Ue. G8-2Gb8 GRpUNt} Engineering Consultants; Fnc. _ Page

Lorrayne 5ubdiviston, Lot 5

Grand County: Colorado

REV(SE€3

should obtain fhe additional geotechnieal information that he considers necessary to

develop his workscope and cost estimates with sufficient precision.

Performance of the proposed residence will depend on implementation of the

recommendations in Phis report and on proper maintenance after construction is

completed. Because water is the principal cause of volume change in soils and rock; the

design, construction, and maintenance of the improvements must eliminate changes in

moisture content of the site soils. 5tructura[ movements will most likely occur fallowing

project completion and should therefore be expected by the Owner.

Any prospective buyer or future ownership must be made aware of and must agree to

the terms, conditions, and liability limitations outlined in our proposal.

This report was prepared in aecardance with generally accepted soil and foundation

engineering practice in the Grand County, CaEOrado area at the date of preparation.

OROUN'J makes no other warranties, either express or implied, as to the professional

data, opinions or recommendations contained herein. Because of numerous

considerations that are beyond GROUND's control, the economic or technical

performance of the project cannot be guaranteed in any respect.

GROUh1D appreciates the opportunity to complete this portion of the project and

welcomes the opportunity to provide the Owner with a cost proposal for construction

observation and materials fasting prior to construction commencement.

Sincerely,

GRt}UD Engineering Consultants, Inc.

1::r/!~ ~.

Job Gardner, E.I. Reviewed by James B. Kowalsky, P.E.

Job Ne. 08-2058 GRQU~ID Engineer€ng Gonsulfan[s, €nc. P2ae 26

1

c Ps ! PROPOSEu

I I SEPTIC FfE! D

P2~ i

i®1 P1~i ~)L__J

f

i ~------- --~r

i

J ~ ® PROPOSED

fRES('JENCE

r

ii I 2 i

I ~

i

L-----------~

DRAINAGE

I' ~ Endicates percolation test hole number and approximate bcation.

1

at Ind4cates tasf hole num~ae€ anti approximate location.

NO. Eo

LC}C~T("1N OF TEST FtO~ES

JOB Nti. C8-2058 DRA4LN BY. HS

r'EGURE: 5 a xPPROVcp a" .;K

CADFILE NAtviE: 2Q58SITE.DPV6.

100

95

4)N

0 85

Llf

80

75

70

35r? 2

24;12

16i? 2

1 "12

35/12

41/12

ono

1!12

34/?2

LOGS OF TEST HOLES

J08 NO. 0&2055 i DRH'v`vN 8Y. HS

FIGURE 2 j ePP:iG'VPD BY: J~:

ADF1~E N:A;~rE~. 20581OG D4VG

Test Hole Tes± Hole Test Hale

S1Eiev_ ~9' Elev. 99`

LEGEND:

Sand and Silt: Generally classif€ed as slightly to very silty sands and sandy silts with localized cSay Penses;fine to medium tc coarse grained with ioaaltzed gravels, law to maderatety plastic, stiff,medium dense tohardldense, slightly moist to moist, and pale brawn to brown in color.Sandstone Bedrock: SI(ghtfy to very Bitty; fine to medium to coarse grained, non-io low plastic, verydense, slight€y moist to moist, and broGVn to gray-browvn in color.

P Drive sample, 2-inch I.D. California liner sample

23112 Drive sample blow ccuni, indicates 23 blows of a 140-pound hammer falling 36 inches wererequired to drive the sampler 12 inches.

NOTES:

i) Test holes were drilled on 08113/08 with 4-inch diameter continuous flight power augers.

2} Locations of the test holes were measured approximately by pacing from features shown onthe site plan provided.

3} Elevafians of the test holes were not measured and the togs of the test hales are drawn todepth.

4} The test hole locations and elevations should be considered accurate only to the degreeimplied by the method used

5} The Imes between materials shown on the lest hole logs represent the approximateboundaries between ma#eriai types and the transitions may be gradual.

6} Groundwater was not encountered during drilling. Groundwater levels can fluctuate seasonallyand in response to landscape irrigation.

The material descriptions on this legend are for generalcEassifeation purposes only. See the full text of this report for

deseriptians of the site materials and relatedrecommendations.

LEGEND AND NOTES

J06 NO. 00-2055 DRAbVN BY: ' r,S

FiG{JP,E.. ~ ~ APFRG'v'EDBY:.... JK_

2058LEG.DVVG...

Qx2.0

Qx1.5

m

a

TU

Q.N

ox1.a

m

a

Q

Qx0.5

0

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Estimated Settlement (Inches}

Q = 3,~Ot~ psf

Note: Design should be controlled by settlement. Estimated settlement valuesindicated above are teased on drained conditions. If foundation materials

become wet, the allowable bearing capacity will be reduced and result in

larger estimated settlement. This relatianstaip is based on footing widthsof 1 to 4 feet. If the footing U~ridth Is to be greater than 4 feet, eve shaufdbe notified to reevaEuate these recommendations.

BACKFIiL

WALL DRAIN

COMPOSITE SUCH AS_MIRADRAINaOR EQUAL

MUST BE (N HYDRALIC

CONNECTION WITH.

UNDERDRAIN.

MirafHi40or Equal

THE UNDERDRAiN SYSTEM MUST BE

TESTED BY T HE CONTRACTOR .AFTERINSTALLATION AND BACKF!LL'NG TO

VERIFY THAT IT FUNCTfONS PROPERLY.

NOTE: WA7Eft PROOF, DFA1P PROCF ANDWATER STOPPING MEASURES PER

STRUCTURAL /CI VIL DESIGN

PircOVIDE POSITNE

SUP JOINT

BETWEEN S;.AB

AND HALL

N- '~

PLACE THE DRAIN

OUTSIDE THE 45 DEGREE

IMAGINARY LINE.

PIPE SHOULD BE ~ 4 INCH DfAMETER PERFORATEDSURROUNDED ON THE i ~ GRAIN PIPE SLEEVED IN A FILTERTCP AND S[OES BY FACRIC SUCH AS MIRIFI 140 ORTREE-DRAINING GRAVEL EQUAL.WITH LESS THAN 5°,~0

PASSING TFiE NO. 200 j THE DRAIN LINE SHOULD Bc LAIDSIEVE, MORE THAN 50°/ ON A SLOPE 6F f% OR IUORE.RETAINED ON THE NO. 4 PERFORATIONS SHOULD BE AT 4

SIEVE, AND MAXIMUM O'CIOCK AND 8 O'CLOCKPARTICLE SIZE OF 2 POSITIONS.INCHES.

DRAIN TO SUMF WiTH PUMP,NO GRAVEL SHOULD BE i BACKUP P04VER AND ALARM, ETC.PLACED BELObV THE j`PIPE. HIGH FOINT SHGUID BE MiNIPv9UM

6" BELOW BOiTOAA OF FOOTING,SLOPED.AT t%TO OUTFACE,E! EVATfON AND LOCATION

VARIES.

SLAB-CN-GFiAOE

4" MIN. GRAVEL LAYER

THE UNDERDRAfN SYSTEPut MUST BE

TESTED 8Y T'HE CONTRACTOR AFTER

IN5TALLATfON AND BACKFiLLING TOVERIFY TH,-^,T IT FUNCTIONS PROPERLY.

NOTE: WATER PReeF eAn+a PROO= sr,o

WATER ST: OGP!NG MEASURES PER

STRUCTURAL lCP/IL DE54GN

aACKF LL

rSTRUCTUR4LFLOOP

VVALI DRAIN

COiv1POSITt SUCH AS

N1IRADRAIti°OR EQUAL

MUST BE IN HYDRALIC

CONNECTION WITH

UNCERDR.AIN.

Ul ELL '''~~~

iP.1N_ ~a-MIL VENTILAiE

UNRE!NFORCED CRAVJ~

POLYETHELENESPACE

VAPOR

RETARDER

MirafH140or Eaui

N ~

PLACE THE DRAIN

OUTSIDE THE 45 DEGREE

IMAGINARY LINE.

PIPE SHOULD BE ~ 4 INCH DIAMETER PERFORATECSURROUNDEC ON THE i % DRAIN PIPE SLEEVED IN A FILTERTOP AND SIDES BY FACRIC SUCH AS MIR1Fi 140 ORFREE-JRAINfNG GRAVEL EOUALWTH LESS THAN 5%

PASSING THE NO. 20C 1THE DRAIN LINE SHOULD BE LAID

SIEVE, hrlORE THAN 50:b CN A SLOPE OF 1°o OR MORE.RETAINED ON THE NO. 4 PERFORATIONS SHOULD BE AT 4

SIEVE, .ANC h4AXlMUfv1 O'CLOCK.AND 8 O'CLOCKPARTICLE SIZE OF 2 POSITIONS.NCHES.

DR:,iN TO SUiv1P WITH PUMP,NO uRAVEL SHOULD BE BACKUP FOVJER AND ALARM, ETC.PLACED BELOW THE

PIPE.HIGH POINT SHOULD BE MINiM1nUCt'1o" BELOW BOTTOM CF FOOTING,SLOPED AT 4 % TO OUTFACE.

ELEVATION.AND LOCATIONVARIES.

e~e~inae_~r=ia~rt-'bnr~uL'r'ranc-rs

T~BL 1

l1MMAY (~~ LAB~RATC)&2Y T1° RESULT'S

S_ampie Location Naturai Natural Percent Atterber Limits Percent Water USCSTest. Moisture Dry Passing Liquid Plasticity Swetl* Soluble Classifi-Hale Depth Content Density No. 200 Limit Index ( 1000 psf Sulfates cationNom. ( feet} !%} fpcf) Sieve (% (%) Surcharge} (/) __I_! ~ 3 ~~ 7.8 _ 117.7 ~~11 _ 1~9 ~~~ ~~~0.Q2 ~ SP SM~_

1 T 8 ~ 11.5 ~ 109.9 30 ~ 25 ~ 6 T~~'-0.4~~ ~~~~SGSM^^4~ 30._4.. 91~6~ 76 39~~12 ~~L~_1_~~_ (tv1L)s9 ~ 17 4 112.8 ~~ G6 31 10 - 0.2 ~`~ sC'L)J- ~,_

C? 14 ~ 19.7~~ T10?_.4 _.. 08 d2 ~- =~ s(ML)

3~ _ 10.7 108.8 34^ 28 9 ~-~~~~~ SC~-S1 . r~8 ~5.4 108.3 ~ 35 ~ 24 ~ -~~ SC-SM

Negative Values Indicate Consolidation

Sail ar

Bedrock~pe -

Poorly Graded SAND with Sill

Silty, Clayey SAND~~SILT with Sand4 _

Sandy Lean CI AY

Sandy SILT _T_

Clayey SANp

Silty, CIay~SAND_ _Jab Na. 08-2058

a~raciix ~

l;roan~ '~ ir.ee irr Ccea:anL, In,;.

FERCG~LRTIOItl @~~TTR~~VLT~

Job P~urnbar: 08-2fl58

Date: &i15i2C}08

Tested By: TR

Hole N~smber Hate Depth Length of Water Depth Water Depth Drop "sn BeverageInterval at Start of at End of Water Perco6ation

Interval interrat Level Rateruches) ( minr~tes) ( ineires) ( inches) ( inches) ( rnln/Frtjv ~ w,~~~~`~ ~~~30 9 50 10 50 1.GG 30

3G 1G.5G 11.oG o.50 6030 11.oa 11.50 0.50 6030 11.50 12.13 f G.63 4830 12.13 12.75 0.62 4830 12.75 13.25 0.5030 13.25 I 13.75 0.50 r30 13.75 14.25 0.50

v`: 2~ ~-`-~`_k~~=~~3G 12.Ga 15.Oa 3.G0 1030 15.00 17.5E 2.5G 1230 17.SG 19.75 2.25 1330 19.75 2G.'S 1.00 3G30 20.75 21.75 1.00 3fl30 18.00 18.88 Q8830 18.88 19.75 0.8830 19.75 20.63 G.88

4'~~~~`3G 9.50 12.25 2.75 130 12.25 13.25 1.00 3tl30 13.25 14.25 1.00 3030 14.25 15.25 1.00 303G 15.25 16.13 0.88 343G 16.93 16.88 0,75 t° ~~30 16.88 ~ 17.63 0.7530 17.63 18.50 0.87

A~~rad°s

SEPTIC SYSTEM SIZ{P'G CALCULATION SHEET

Job Number : OS-205$ - Revised 0$pg08

Job Name: Lattayne Subdivision, Lo# t

c7aANC couNrv cALCUtarcc~Ns¢t~Er

Numbera¢Badrooms q

Average F€e{d Percolation Rate (mEnfinch} I 44

Design Percolation Rate (minfinch) 60 ~

General Flow (galFday}i

600

Peak Factor 1 5

Total DaiEy Peak Flaw (gattday} gppI

eed Siz{ng Factoe For Additional BODs Loading 7.6

Design Flow (galtday} 440

Nfinimum Septic Tank Size (gag) 9,250

Chamber TypeInfltrator Systems

Quick 4" Equiiizer 36

Chamber

Infiltrator Systems '..Quick 4" Standard

Chamber

Chamber Width (ft} 4.8 2.8

Chamber Height (ft} 7.0 i 7 0

Chamber Length (#Z} 4.0 4.0

TataB Absorptive Area Per Chamber in Bed

Configuration (sg¢t)8.4 9.20

Tatad'Absarpfive Area Per Chamber in Trench

Configuration (sgft)7 7 S.87

CHAArtBE&t~D 8YS'[F.ht jN BECb CQNFi&ElRATlQN'

Reduction Factor 0.65 0.66i

Minimum Number of Chambers Re4ulred in Bed

COnPi UratlOn 227 758

Numbee off Rowsi

t2 g

Number of Chambers in Each Row tg ( 20

Adjusted Number of Chambers Requ€eed in Bed

COnfigurat{on228 ifiQ

Edge fa Edge Separation Between Rows (ft) 0.5 0 5 ~

Approximate Ahsorp#ion Field Width (ft} ~ 23i

28

Approximate Absorption FleEd Leng#h (t?} 77 82

Approximate Absorption Field Area (sgtt} 2,233 ~ 2,268

ro{al absorption areas per chamber in

ed and trench configuration were

Irovided by infiEtratar Sys#ams.

GROUND Engineering Cansu€tants, Inc. nape i of ;

ank manufacturerstiall make 6" aocess

r(sers available to

allow grade adjustment

Sweep Plastic "T"

or Baffle

Inlet

ASTM-D-3034or Pipe of EqualStrength

Finished Grade

First Compartment Shall Hold

3elween ~ and 3 of the RequiredEffective Capacity of the Tank

Tank

Dividere f

r~. -- 3-t12" Mln

3" Min

g ~~..` access to clean in

8"~ 20" Manhole ~'"\ and outlet tees.

8" Max. backflll over opening '~--~-,._L: ' ~ - ~ ;_ cover of manholes ~~-~~~~--~~-_

2" # 4 Rebar Handle G' Min ~- 20" ManholeSeal Risers of 8"

1 - ~, sA` - Top of Tank_

4" l..,n

Vent -^- 1 Space ----~~-......p"" ~

1I - ~ T 1 ~ Scum mat I(~3 ...-- 1_ I ~~ ^'~ n ~~ ~ ~~"~ ^'~ ,l^ -

l ,^ Soum main ~ ,^

Nol less than ~~~~ - ~ -

9" or more ._ Water level

than 1T 14 1q~~ ~~

Cross over

4 M6 -...-..~ ..._-s

Sludge Sludge

s-..._9 -w._.. .-.-. ~ ~ ~ 9

0 ~ 9 e

10"

Q ~_

5 --- w-IOutlet

ASTM-D-3034or Pipe of EqualStrength

9'

GO" Max.)

30" M In J4

Reforence: Diagram .5, page 28, Regulation No. I-02,Tri-County District Health Dept_

IP~FILTRATQR ~Y~T~MS It~G.

QUI~K4 STAR9DARD

IAMBER ~~DNOT TO SCALE

BACKFII_L MATERIAL

NATIVE, ORESTABLISH VEGETATIVE COVER ` - FILL PER DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

4' MAX BURIAI `'`` .\ ~ `~~~~~~~ ~~ ~UICK4 STANDARD (TYP.)

DEPTH PER DESIGN

12 III --

MIN. PER CODE OR DESIGN

I~IFILTkAiOR SYS}FPdS, MC.6 ~UISN ESS PA!?F: ROAD

v.o. aox-reo IhJPIt.TRATOR SYSTEF,hS IIVC.o~osnveeoor.,Cro5a~5 QUICK4SIANDARD

Pn.(aoolz2i-a~asFX. (8601 577-JOOI CHAMBERE3FD

W WW.INFILTRATORSYSTEMS COFA

Scale NOT TO SCAL.F Checked BGP

Date 03/30)20(76 4-_STDBfDDrawn ~y: KJB Shoot 1 Uf 1

Option A: CHAMBER RISER TO GRADE

ATTACH CAP OR THREADED

CLEANCJIJTASSEM81_Y

i1?~1

UIC:K4 uFAIVIJARp--~

4" VVC PIPE CUT TO FIT

n :~:.~: .: ~..:~..

1. ..

115E HOLE SAW REST 4" PVC PIPE ON TOP OF

TO CUT OUT ~ INSPECT'ION PORT SEAT'.

PR6wiAF2KE0 CIRCLE SECUREIN PIACE VNTHAURVWAII. SCREW

Option B: INSTALLATION WITH VALVE BOX

SMALL VALVE COVER OOX ORIRRIGA'f101J VALVE BOX AT GRADE

COMPACT SOIL ITO SUPPORT

USE HOLE SAVJTO CUT' OUT

PRE~MARKEU CIRCLIE

INFILTRATOR SYSTEMS, INC.6 AUISN ASS PARK ROAD

P.O. ROX 768OLIN SAYBROOK. C1' 06475

PH. (N00~ 227-4436

PX. (860 577-7001VJWW-INPILTRATORSYSTFMS.COM

Scale_ NOT TO SCALE

Gate 05/14/2006_Drawn gyT KJg

TApH CAP UR THFtEP.gECJEANOIJCfoSI MCLY

PVC PIPE CUFTU PIT

REST 9" P VG PIPE ON TOP OF

INSPECTION PORT SLAT.

SECURE IN PLA[,E VNTH A

Of2V WALL SCREW

IPdFILI~RATOR SYSTEMS INCQUICK4 STANDARD

INSFEC710F1 PORT UEIAII

Chockec! BCP

ACAD NO, uesioLlesFecroNeoar

Sheet 1 Of 1

DtSFR#BFJTidN ~tJX lt~ETNfl~

A distribution box is a watertight chamber, which receives wastewater from a septic tankor other primary treatment unit and from which the effluent is distributed evenlythroughout the absorption area.

The distribution box method may be used on level or sightly sloping topography.

Mu€tiple distribution boxes may have to be utilized in order achieve even flow over theSystem.

The distribution boxes must be set on a ! evel concrete pad as a foundation, or onundisturbed soils. GROUND, recommends construction of a concrete pad at the base ofEhe distribution box, extending at !east 12 inches beyond the eval(s of the box to ensure

against tilting.

Installation of the distribution box shall be made to provide equal flaw to each absorptionine extending from the box. This done by making sure the box is absolutely Ievef. It is theContractors responsibility to assure that the distributon box is constructed level.

The top of the distribution box shat? have at least 3o inches of cover. In addition measuresshould be taken to assure easy access to the distribution box.

e Absorption lines of equal fength shall be connected to the distribution box outlets bywatertight independent sewers consisting at 2-inch schedule 4c~ PVC pipe or approvedequivalent. Each absorption lino extending from a distribution box system shall notexofled 80 feat in length.

All independent sewer pipes coming out of the distribution box shall be installed level atthe same elevation for fivo feet. Beginning two feet from the distrtbutian box to thebeginning of the perforated pipe(chamber at the start of each absorption trench, a

minimum of two inches dowrnvard grade should be maintained.

GROU~tQ Eno(neeeing Cansuttants, 4nc. -

Ap~p~~c9ix ~

hTo re shun 25 n»llimv hnmos, mrcanrpassynSralmuvt 2.5 percent oflbe U,S population, disynseofdonrnvtin waYlarvmer rhrmryh mrsirr; (vrovnvemd)snsrems. ,4cannliug m lbe American HmnYrrg5'urr•eyfnr the Unilul S'IPfr93, in iy931,5nailllon% out nf¢vep• q (grilHonJ nmv arvner-

OCCrPied hnnve.emrrr relied upon q farm ofan t firer setvnge disposal

Ona of/hv rnnfrir' dr'ff¢rennes banvvzn orvning mr

unr¢rvered verseas a sewerrad bcvra (s 8ra1unsemer'ed wasrenraler vnnmrant mrd disposalsys(+uns rmm(be maiulolnad L,)~ dre homeowner7Y¢prmem and disposal r/f wayTew4lor should hemu nfrhe pr0uap• concerns glarry hovveovnrarin an rorsawrr'ed greq.

17re mos! common may rn meat and dispose ofivan¢rrmer iv rural hnrrres it through the use

gfgn on.vire das'pasal system, The majority ofnnslra dlvposn/ s7=,rYeurs in dre Onued Slgles qre

esptle spa'temst

i~Itf21 SCpgC fy51CM ~1:'~

HQW Cf WCM

A typical septic syateru contains two majorcnnapo-nenls: a s'epiic took sod the absorytion field (seeFigure 1). Often, a distribution box is inclodod as panof the sysmm to separate Lire septic took eHTuemevenly into s netvrork ofdisnibotion lines that makeup the absorption Reld. Tha scptio tank is usuallymade of eonerem, fiberglass, or plaatia, is typicallyburied sod should be watertight, All septic tanks havebathes (or tern) al the inlet and outlet to insure properRow patteovs (ace Figure 2). Mns/ septic Winks arc

single compartment; fiowaveq a number ofsratesrequire two-compamnent tanks or iwc single com-

parfinent tanks iu series.

Whilo typically designed m hold xminimum of 750-1000 gallons of sewage, i'ho size of 16C tank may varydepending upon the number of bedrooms in the home,and scale and local regulatory requirement's. Tboprimary pmposc of dre septic tank is m sY;parete thesolids fii~om dre liquids and m promote partial 6rcak-down of contaminants by microorganisms nahimhypresent in ihu wastewater. The sMids, known as

sindgn, eotlaot on the botmm oP the took, while thescam Roots mr the top oP dre liyuid. The stodge andsrmm remain in the tank and should t>c pumped our

periodically (see Figure 2)-

Solids that are alkiwcd la pass h'om dre septic tankmay clog the absorption field Ksep9ng solids om ofthe absorption field not only prevents clogging, butalso rodunes potentially expansive repair or teplaee-rnent assts ¢nd helps ensure the ability of the soil in

cfieCtively Treat the septic lank effluent 77icreflxe,an additional snfegnard in keeping solids out ofdwabsorption field is the use of efMucnt Rlters on dreoutlet of the septic tank (sea Pigtrre 2).

77ra wastewater (eR$renr) comurg our of the septictank may contain many potentially diseaso-cansingmicroorganisms and pollwants (i.e., nittetes, phos-phafus, chloridca). The effluent is passed on to theabsorption Held through a connecting p9pe or disn'ibu-tion box. "Che absorption fmld is also known as thesoil drain8eld, eha dispoeo-l ^cld, or ftw IeaehRrld.Tire absorption fcld contains a s'edas of undergroundperfomted pipes, as indicated in Eignre I, Thar arc

T'he effluent is dsn'ibutrd Through Chu porfomtedpilrea, exits Ihrongh rho holes in the pipes, and Ineklesthrough the rock or gravel where it is stored unlitabsorbed by Phe soil. The absorption field, which islocated in the unsaturated mne of the soil, treau thewastewater through physical, chemical, and 6ioiogi-cal processes. TRe soil also orbs as a narsu'al hotter to

filter cut many of iho harmful bacterisr, viruses, andexcossive vunientn, effoctivoly treating llta westcwa-tar as it passes through the unsemratntl zone before itreaches lireg[oundwa[ar (see Figure 3J.

rMasreuarer Prcar~rer sad msPasatM saW

Wastewater contains mnricrzrs, scab as nitrmcsnm,l phosphates, that in excessive aroomtu maypollute nearby waterways anti groundwatersnpphes, Bxoessive mihianes in drinking wirer

supplies can be harmful w Irnman healdt and ran

dvg[ade lakes and srrearns by enhancing weGlgrowth and algal Llooms.l lowevor, the soil ran

reutin many of tbeae vutriavs, which are evenUr.

rally mken up by nearby vegemtioo.

FYhat Pa tWeP Bu, fYhdt to t6euP OutDirect all wavmwntar liom your borne imothe septic tank. ThLs inoludos el I rink bath,shownr toilet, washing maohine and dish-washer wastewamr:c. Aoy ofihosc waterscan contaip diseave-causing niicraorpnnismsor environmental pollomnts.

Keep roof droins, basement sumli pumpdroins, and other fib inwau+or suefa cc water

dxainagc systems sway from the ahsogrilonfield. Nlooding o('dra absorption Rciri withexcessive water udh keep the anti Prom

namrslly cleansing the wasmwarar, whichrwn lead to groundwater nndlor m;erbysurface wamr pollution.

Conserve waterte avoid overloading the

septic system. Be sure kr repo it any Inkythucets or toilets. Use low-Row fixlures-

Do not use caustic draiu oponem for a

dogged drain- htsiwd, use boiling water urn

draiu nrakxe to open clogs-

Do nor use, septic rank additives, commercialseptic conk Gloanscrs, yeast, mrgar, om.

Chaco products aro not norossery and some

may he harmful w your system.

i)se commercial bathroom cJeancra and

laundry detergents in modomdon. Manypnoplc prefer to clean Choir' Toilets, sinks,showers, anU mbs with a mild dotergrm or

braking soda.

corofnued.

Crass-setrfpp at a tWO-romWilnfcor sePGt rank

sometimes eoMOCted in a dosed loop system, asillustrated on the finnt cover, or some ot6n prnpri-erary distribution systum

sapf(r, tank

a' parforat¢d plpmabsotpaon (old

enrshotl rak pr gravel Ilned trench

n,} inspeGlon purls

of Uishibullon box

supiln tank

dishibullno box

absorption field

evil absnrpllon (unseturaied zone)j1 groundwater (wNmted zone)

Check with your {Deal rcgulalory agency Ifyou have a garbage disposal unit to makeBurn that your septic system can aocommo-

datcthis additiooal waste.

Chock txilh your local rogulntory agoncybefore allowing wnler soCmner hackwash to

court your septic oink.

Your septic systom it not a trash can. Donut pw prase., Aiepovahlm divlpars, sanileryn rpkins, tampons, condmns paper towels,I lames, wt hlior, latex pninl, pesticides, or

other ha>,ard xis chomiafs into your sysa~ent

Keep records of repairro, pumpings, inspectionv,rm$ issueA, anA ether syslont mainlumnnceactivities.

Learn the, Iecation oYyour veptic sym:m Kcepn slerch of LC handy tvltlt your mOPur~naeoerecoal for sCrvlt;e vi8i4W.

Have your septic system ilupocmd everyI-2 years and pumped periodically (usuallyevery Z-5 years) by o Iiecnae+d inspector/oontraeroc

PIBM only gross over and near your seplicsyslom. tools from neority trees or sfiruhs

may clog anA dnmfope the absorption field.

Do not drive or pack over any pan of yourseptic system. This con compact the coiland cnish your system.

In xurmnnry, undcrsianding 11ow your septicayutnm works and adhering to dteso few simplerules will ensure tltal your septc sysrwn i5 a saRnd renmmicel metlrod forh'eal'ingond diepny-inp ofyour wostewatar nnsite.

Ovc in a series uYIhrCP broohums deslknre<) to eid you In codasor your septic sye~am.

4

a,~ ",~"

Fm mom in(onnatlcn regarding Cha Dare Of

your se0dc aynero, eomact your local hnolrh depamnem,

More ial'armorimt aboal seplic sy#crns is mailahlctPOm rho Nelional Small trJows Clearinghouse (NSiY.:)

thrmrQh otbcr broohums in this ecries:

Growrdwurer'yrorectlmr mid roar septic spmm~,Item #WWI3RY6Ji1

Thu curt undfeedfng ofnorR sepriasJ+sTem,Item # WWRRPCSIft

G'or more inforrnnunn elwul This or ether NSPG products,plcaac contnn us by writing t¢

Notional Small }'lows ClearinghouseWest Virginia (hrivnrsity

P O. Box bO6M1

Morganmwq WV 26506-6064or phone

800)624-8301,(104)293-4191or fax-(304)293-3161

wwtymla,wvncdu

PlelpingAmer°rcas small

communities meet theirwastnwpter needs

1~ely6a~ Amcricq s.rmgl!rJOmmrtnltle.cmeet their

wastewater needs

S'ep+ic .ryslwns ene vvr y numb like mtlomabllet,T&ey needper7pAic frupecrions orrd propernrpiruenartce !n cnnlinua u•m'Alrrgp+nperly,Also, like ourornnh/7es, shay rmuY hr ol>erotedproperly trod ennnot be overrnxad wi(luNV theowner srtjferLrg consegrrenres.tuGr m~ repair nr

raplocarrerrr bill~r.

0f1mr ovcrlookod or neglected is the fact that a

septic oystem should Nava a mguler Gtnck-up m

pmvent problems'. You should have yow'septicsystem inspocWd every I-2 years by a pro@s~-aionaland your mnk pnmpod when nocessary.1'hc septic tank Naps 16e solids in the wastewateran6 should be checked fo deicrmine whether or

not it i.r time fi:' it m he pumped onr, 'Cheinspectior pun should bn opened and dre haftleqintomal slabs or tecsj sheulA hr, checked toassure IheC they ere in good candhion sineo th¢last Chong-tip (see Figure l). ifyou baveaacptictank oPPhrcrtt ii Ilex, ik should alsU 6a inspruteri_61IIuonCfilters roquirc periodic ricaning. Sortaoliller& are now equip~sd rviUr alepu systems koalert tbr, homeowner when the filmr has becomodirfy and needs to he clcsncd. Pnils:re a, keepIho filter Glean may rcanit in e backup ofwastr;water in the home from a abggul fdfecSeptic systems Ihot have medranical pans snobaS a pump should be insperrcd at least onre a

year or moro Fraptently as recomnronded by thewarm hlGYnrUaa The absorption fjnld should b¢cheukad for sogginea'a or pondjng, whie6indicates improper drainage, a cioggeA system,nr oxm:asrvu wnrer use. 'Che presoope of damp or

soggy areas or odors loos indicafc a leak in nc~system.

sF~rire r~uaec

A properly Ueslgned septic oystem wit have a

septic mnk wiYn softiclenr vohmia to acarmulah;solids fbr several years. As the Invei of solidsrises in the tank, thowastowatefhen less timetoarntle properly earl suspended solid paerides

Sow into the absorption fold. If the tank is not

poriodioally pumped oat, these solids will ov¢nmallyclog Ura absorption f{elA to the pefN where n new

field will be needrd.

Whoa tho tank is pumped, the aoonacfor ahould pomptho ouolonla through the manhole, whloh le usuallylocated iu the center of the mnk, rather dmn Wroughthe inspection ports. Pumping througJ, ooc oftiteinspection ports could dmnage the $aitles inside slimlank (see Figure 7j. Dameg¢ to the hn'ffloa couldresult in the was<ewatcr'Oowing directly into theabsorption Feld without the opporkmify fm'rhn solidsm settle.

Remember, eommcrcial sepiio tank additives do no[

eliminate the need for periodic pumping and miry behannfttl (p iho abaoryuinn fS¢Id_ You ahould checkyour Iocai health departnseN regulations befna usingadditives. $e surd when rho septic tank is pumpedthat it is completely anrptied. It is not necessary to

rr,G~rln a,ny ofiha arrlids W restart the digestive process.You do not need biological or ehernieel additivos foraviceess'fnf restart or continuous operaeion of yourseptlc .rystem, nor should sun wash of disinfect thetooka{terhaving itpumped. ~,

baste

alter

4YfY .. pfdSCpPk ta¢ek p ,..

W14@81 [O ~1dP'C FbYS S@pF[(C 7ryyk pylb~f(.ryryjA spm;lfie determinaliVn of when it's time to pomponrthe solids can be made by havhtg Me depdr ofsolids end level of sewn buildup on eop oftir¢westawatvr in the septic tank chunked penodicellyIWo foCW[9 affect hmv often you ahould have yourseptic tank pumped. Whether you neod to have yourtank pumped every year, once every Gve years, or

some other time inlcrvoi Is nfTerted by Ilrese fhctors,Ch¢ first fkeum' is dre, size or cepneity of rho mnkitself. If morn pcroplp aro living in the home thanwhen the system was installed, or if new high waterrue appliances or technologies such as a hot rah or

whittpooi bath are stow in use, then dre capacity maybe tov smolt. The more people ushrg a sys[cnx thefaster the solids will aownnnlate in the tank, end themore frequently the tank will neod w be pumpul.Alw, ehe eddidonal singe of water from hot orbs andwhirlpool bathe may wash solids our of the tank andinW rh¢ absoflnion'field, An inspection con deter-mine udretherthe system is of adngnatc papaeity to

handle the vntume Vfsolids an6'tlow from themmrbw ofpeople in the household and types of

appliances used. A larger capacity system providesbetter trcatmem and requires less pumping.

The second factor is the voluino ofsollds in thewastewatec If yon have a garbage disposal, forexample, you will have to pump out your systemmare 4¢quemty dton persons disposing of their forxlwastes through other means. Tire use ufa garbagedisposal may inp'ease the amount of'soiids in tineseptic tank by as muab ns 50 percent &xcessivelysoiled clothes may add solids ro your sepio tank.Sometimes, grggfaphieal location may also eontlib-ute to extra solide ending up in tho optic mnk. Forexample, systems iu coastal areas may have an

aemrmnlatiou of sand in the septic mnk from washingbeam, andt¢a.

HeRUCtup Phe Flaw pPWxst~waterQeher'a71y, the more Iwnpla, the snore water will flowthrough the system. 6owevcr, Hre us0 of watec

a>naervation devices a'uch as law-t3ow rollers or

shower fixtures greatly reducos the amount ofwasrewaror thus prolonging ilia IiPe oP your sepic

ryatem. Fpr nxarnple, up w Si gallons of worst

arc discharged info your'syxrenn with each load of

laundry. ff several loads are, done in Vne drry, itnon pee eonsiderahlc stmss on year rysu;m- Abencr practtue would I'~a to apace ymn laundrywashing Ihrougbout dre wrek

The new nlhv low-flush toilets use baiwaLn I and4.6 gallons of water per flush and will prooirlo as

much as a 30 parc¢nt wata'savings. Low-flow6rucul aerators on oink faucow and low-flowshowa'heads will Savo additjonal warar. Thcrcore also low-(low woel'ring rciephiuas which use

nmch Icpe water than sinndard washing mxcltitros.

AgSO~P`IIQN FBFldI

An absorption tieltl generally does not requireany mnintcnnnce. Howev¢r, to promo and

prolong the life ofrhe absorption finid, followtheca simple nrles:

Pinnt only grass over and mm~r your sep[iCsystem. Roots 4mn nearby noes or shnrbsmay clog and damage the abanrprion Picid_

Dq not drivo or park over any parr of yoursepiio system. This con. compaaa the soil andCrUSIt yopr Fyfifam,

7)irwr aII waatcwaler fiom your home tornthe s¢pde wok. 'this includes nil sink, bar h,sb,ower, toilet, washing machine anddishwasher wastewaters. Any of gleaewmstcwatcrs can contain disease~raustngmicmorgUnisme or eovironntentai poilutams.

Keep roofdnsins, basement sump pmnpdrains, and o@rcr ruilrsvarerw'surfaoe warar

drainngr. aystents away from dre absorptionfield. Flooding oFlhc ubsorptiw Freld withexcnsaive water will keep the SViI frontnafuraily elcansing the wast¢wamg whichcan load to gt'oundwofer vrdlor nearbysurface water pollution.

continued. _.

segue system ere yYpslYhat yon put into your eeptic system will have a

direct effect on whether ar not yon have a

hnahhy, Inng-Iasthrg and trouble-Gee system.Your peptic system is not adispose-nIL

C~onservm water to avoid overloading theseptic system. Fie sure eo repair any leakyfmccis or tniletv'- Use low-Plow fixtures.

Do not use rmisdc drain openers for n

vloF gad drain. Instead, nsc honing water or

a dtnin snake to open clogs.

Uo not use septic tank. additives, comnsemiaisepnc tank, cleansers, yoaai, sugar, eta.

fhasty, produces are not necessary and vane

may he harmfld to your sysrcm.

l.lse nommareial bedtroom charters end

laundry detergents in nxrdamfioa Manypeople prefer to Olean (heir toilets, sinks,showers, and robs with n mild detergent or

baking soda.

lheck with your la;al rogtdamry agency ifyuu Lave a garbage disposal to snake surd

rims yours~epUC;;ystmn can acoommodafitbiY eddidon6l wnste.

Chu:k with your local regulePOry ngcnqbefore allowing wxter soflenor hackwash to

enter your septlu rank

1'mrr septic system is not a trash can. Donot put disposable dippers, sanitary naFikins,inropons, eonrlonts, paper towels, Carialissues, plaFties, cat lifter, or ciyrnretlcs intoyour septic ayalPAn T}rose Items quickly fxllyour septic tank wish solids, decrease tbtt

rtfP{riency, and will require that yuu pumpout the acpuc lank morn frcqueorly. Theymay else clog the sewer lino to rho septfesystem cnuxing wastewater to bxck up into

yolif hOmL.

Avoid dumping grnar:a or fats Uown youc kitchen

diaia'T7rey solidify and the owumulation maycono-ibute fo blockages in your system.

Keep latex. pahr4 varnishes, Chippers, waste oil,photographic. aolnlioi>s, pesticides, ar otherhazardous clicmicals onr of your system. Fvenin small nmcunts, these items can destroy thebiological digestion inking plaoc whhin your

septic sysrcm.

Septic ayttems arc a very simple way to neat honse-hold waatowaPer and s[e easy Po opmatc and maintainNttrough homeowners must Fake a mute active role iomeinlamu>,q snpTlc,rysn;ms, once i6ey learn how theirsystems work, it is easy for Them W apprcriate theimpurlance ofa fisw sound operation and maintenancepractices.

F sA~ svW' f.f

Por more in2nns[Son regarding the care of

yourseptlc sysresn, cmuoct your local hwlth depanmeni.

ldorc in Pernwtion atxxtt septic systems is avniloblefrom the National 9mal(ilnws Cle;mnahonse (NSPC)

through other broohurcs in this series:

Qrmn,rhanrerprsrleclfon m>d_ymms'epGC ayaVtvrs,item #WWBRPRZI

So... nosy Yrra nwn n.r¢ptlr, dr'stem,item itWW RRPIi2G

For more inforrmrdon obour this or orhzr NSFC produce,please enntad es by writing te:

National Smell Flows CiearingbonseWest Virginia Onivet,ity

PO. Aox 6064

Mngao,owq WV 265G660G4or phone:

IY00)624-870l, (304)19]-4191or (ex (J04) 293-3 L61

www.nxlAwvo.edn

Helpntg Americp:r small

carnmtmities meet themrvasrewp6er needs

One in n sedan olihiee Isrocbirrcro deli&ned to nid yuu lrtforyonr septic system.

yk Af9lt4~ ~ t ~~b9I{fir

z~~ ~ ~~~~p~,mar cana'ya. ~ fe n;rraMa'"w

ICelpmg Amer¢ n s snu411

communities mcrf their

WChS7eWp(CI ))HQ(~P

Water In (bo saWrsteA zono boneatb Phe surfsurface is wmmoniy rc Pwred to as grounr(ramter.Urpvndwator is but ono a6rg¢, or form, (hr'T1ahwhich water ryrrscs in the eexh'e Irydrpfogicghats (sac tiqure, t), Thn hydrplolflc cyolr, is thecnndnual mnvwnnnt of water over, in, sod

thrmxg6 the oanh and Its abnnapbarc as it

changes lsonr niro htrnr--solid, liqujd, or

v ipor to unolh,fra

P1. )*A°"

evapolrnnsplrallonAVlir>AIarIOnmnoff

walxr-vapor Irenaponpreciplratlnn

f ymundwatorflowNYdmlWlM c)rk r

Pheu~atcr yap use today may hav¢ evnpomledfrom an ocoan, Iravoled through then[mospbcrr.,fallen back ro d,e earth's surfaco, gone under-ground, and flowed drrmigh streams leadingbock to [he ocoans. Waarr is readily visible mmany farm;;, including elands, ruin, snow, fog,lakes, streams, oceans, and polar icecaps.rlowevcr, goundwater Io<rznmd bmteadr dre soilsurface is a vital resourec for dte success andsurvival of (be Cnbre, ecosystem.

Qrouodravner has been [upped for thousands ofyears, hot only recently Gave we srarmd ro

wtdoCStaod rrs impwianco and how to managethis prcoiuus resonree_ Much rmmaine to 6c

discnvcr¢d abpnt groundwater, and w(der publioawareness of its nemnr and properties is an

important fiat strp,

R ~The(rrpuess by which water-tiom ra~~~alj snow-mclgand oNer saumes-~~~Oows nto n worst-buaringgeologic formation (a~uj;cr) is known as recharge.Water firer pnssec ;urouglr the unsn(urared suns,wbero a ,;)

pores ore tilled portly wiM air and portlywith water, The water rhea flows downward throughrlre unsaruratod'cnne into [be saturnred zone, wherethe soil pours m'e ooimplemly tilled with water.

The boundary bclwaen these ewo zon¢5 is ca))cA thewarrsr !nL/e (see Fihnnc 2). T'he water table riseswhop wares mtterr the sammred zone and falls whenwater is discharged from the sanrrared zone either

naturally (e.g., spNngs, lakes, or rivew) or by pump-ing lag., wells).

97ra unsatumfod zone Gs imporcant to the groundwatra'underlying if. As incoming water seeps down throughthe unsaturated zone, impuri[ies arc removed, 6elpingW deanae rho water. Horh the quantity and gualiry ofgroundwater is e(Eh¢ted by the condition of theunsahmted 9gna in o recharge area.

E/~

A pmpcrly dasigncd, insrallmd, and maimairrcd septicsystem poses no throat to groundwater. Howeve[,inadegnafcly Ponctloning and/or Failing soptic systemscan con(rlbuin to ihu curotamina[ipn of gmundwafecWastewatm' from septic systems may include manytypes of conramlminis, such as nitrates, hnrmfialbacteria, and viruses.

Truce amounts efinelals may he contributed rn thesystem fmm persons using some medicadona. Also,commonly used chemical substances, such as pesticides,paints, varNshea, anA dtinnem, amt contamiunta Hregroundwaer iP thoy are not dlepused oV properly,Sonic chemicals, oven in small amounts, can bedangerous Fo both the anvimnment and publio healgy

tbmngh physical, chornfwl, and biologioel prwcesses, Iho soil auras as a natural bufYer to mmov¢

bacteria and vjmsns io the unseturntzd zones I9ow-ever, various yeologfc condidons, such as Cracmredbedrock aril shallow groundwater tnbl¢~,,, may allowthese bacteria and vhuses to behansportcd very rapidlyand ruuld oontarninate nearby drinking water supplies.

Tlrexcfora, io is critical uhaf yaw drinking w¢rter wellis properly sited, hzs a sealed oasing, and theregmruJ distances from nearby septicsystems are meinlained. This will help ~`Drawn( camaminanlt from seeping mto

and mrxmg with your drinking waterwm

see I ibmc t), ®~ .-..

SCadtdtrOO bISldPRCeSA septlo agetom rtwat 6c toasted a certaindiaranee away frimr druffiing water wells,sh'eams, lakes, end hnusos. These distancesare refuted ro as horiwntnl separationdistances. Pignrc q (see back) shows atypicalaymrt ofa eonvnntional onsife wastewater disposalsystem. AcUtal hodxontal separation dismowehave boon eetablishod and are specified in localregrdariona

In order m rnniamin suable digestion processes sodremove oonramioaols ePfactivoly, the airsorpfion fieldmust he adequately separated from th¢ groundwateror other limiting layct'phis is known es' the verticalsvpamtipn diszanne and is also specified by localrebmiations.

Oerermta[Ryl SysBem Stze ,'ae~d Water UseOeWat<:t use in Nrai households coo be predicted flourthe house plan, depending on the number o1' bed-rooms, water-using appliances, and potential addi-tions. Although the nGUa( numbest of resideors

deu;mrines water osc in a house, the hrnrse plandetsnninos the potential. nurnbcr of rasidontse.g, numberol'bodromsts), water usage, and

subscquarst wastewater flow,

Typical wafitewator' Sow rates r'rnigo from (0-12bgallons per person per day. Typical minimmn

soptir, tank aiws range from'750.- I Q00 gnI Ices.The flow eatimotr,, plus the soil pcnncabfl itynatimate (i,e., how easily wafer moves throughthe soil), is »xed fo determine thv nroa of the

absogrtioo feld necrled for rlre system. lnstalinga drainfield oi'sutl'iuenl sr<e is criucal lu iha

proper fimetloning ofyaur soptir; sysicrn. Locsl

rogulatlons should ahvnys be rovicn ad b¢6>re

insmllmg asepdr, system

gdrainaoltl

CMlpGT hll+l/tMi ofSepp!( "' r

SjBBCYd.4 d waTM tve(K

AreC'aOtdB/iBARtfii WCitlC61/JAg she W.rtXeriSigns that wastewater from your sep6o systemcould be rraching wnlor spm-ces include:

nplaasant odors leg., persixfcnf. mflnn

ogg sme0), voggy soil, Oquid waste Ours, or

excessive gross gmowllt ov¢r' tlse salt

absorption area,'fh¢sc symptoms openindicste fxilurq oftbe system and nc~ needfor repairing, expanding, or mplncing lbc

abSOrpinln Aiefl.

canrinvcd.

Ha 4 orrmerly line

II l

iypliCdl ldtynU;p pi's S@pllK }'fyxCgp ~',.

rxce_ssive e~ecd or xigxe growth in the

wnrenAexrshorelioax. Nutrients leakingRoin snpric systems could ho n causo nP;hisq.pe, ofgrowlh.

health department test results of wellwflier tndleafethupresrncopfconlnmina-lion. Tbexe rests may show the pmsencc ofindicator baacria fc,&, total colifnrm, fecalpodfnrrrQ !p rho wafer. Nhmtr, [gsifng is' not

commonly prrfonnerl and may neod m be

requea2ed. AhGough wastes ~fFom septicsystems aro Ho; dm Duly sourco of ;hcseoommninancs, dmy can be likely suspects.

LuLkmtor dye, put httn Ywr eatHic sYSi[;mrenc7ms nearby ditahea, streams, lxkus,mArinking cantor suppiics. Special dyes arc

xvnilahle Rom ynu[ local health deparmwntthin may help find problGns dtnr atlrerwiseare dif6ndl to dotlmr. 7Ytis method con nlso

harp vorily the other symptnms listed above.

PfUW [Q P'R'CVCPIt N(ITJt/C/(ISforo installation is complete, have the

s'cptic lank reeled for waicrlighmess.

Maintain your septic system byhaving it inspected end pumpedregularly.

Conserve wxter in your home byusing low-flow fixnrres and byimplemeaning wafer conservationp;nc[ires ro avoid hydraulicoverload of your septio syetom.

Aedireot sur£lme water flow awayfrom your soil absotptioo field.

Do noY drive, vehiolea or heavyeqt ipment over Ibe abeo~tionRield. This wi-I wmpact thu.;oilmtd reduce il5 ability vo absnrb water,

Ylanut greenbeh (grxsry strip or

small, shoe[-rooted vegetation)boiwaen your roil abso;gticn fieldand Iha shoreline ofany nearbysurface water body,

Keep citemieals and other hazardous wastes out '

of the soptie sysre,n-

f you have a drinking wafer well, have it lastedyearly for contain{Hants. If you suspcm a

conurmination problem, have it tms>Pd more often.

fo Wore intBm;abon reeardin ; he ux e ofymn s p; c ysacm, emuna your local I c IIh departinent_

Mo e iafixmaiion aFwut scpnc sys; ms is mailableiroin ~hc Nanmtal Small }Imvs G9eari; phot s (' NSFC)

through other brochxres in ~bix eeriee:

So.. n, ynu owe; asepfln s_ry'>mm,7 tam JI WW4HPG20

The mre andJeeding vtpaw vsivtc ryrann,Item 11W WBRPEIR

Por more, htfonnxtion chow this nr other NSPC prodoms,plcate wmxcr ns by wrii(ng;o-

Naiional Small Plawe ClenringhooseWcr[ Virginia Oniversiry

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