Top Banner
The Sputnik Moment for U.S. Biomedical Research and NIH’s Formula for Success Sept. 22, 2015 – Senate Briefing Dr. Richard Nakamura, CSR Director Center for Scientific Review National Institutes of Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Please check for updates You may uses these slides without seeking permission from NIH/CSR Please do not imply that your presentation is an official CSR or NIH presentation -- unless you’re an official at an NIH Institute or Center. Check the Notes Sections for additional information you may want to use in you presentations. Contact CSR if you have questions about these slides: [email protected]
37

CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Jan 31, 2022

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

The Sputnik Moment for U.S. Biomedical Research and NIH’s Formula for Success Sept. 22, 2015 – Senate Briefing

Dr. Richard Nakamura, CSR Director Center for Scientific Review National Institutes of Health

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Please check for updates • You may uses these slides without seeking permission from NIH/CSR • Please do not imply that your presentation is an official CSR or NIH presentation --

unless you’re an official at an NIH Institute or Center. • Check the Notes Sections for additional information you may want to use in you

presentations.

• Contact CSR if you have questions about these slides: [email protected]

Page 2: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

NIH seeks fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living

systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen

life, and reduce the burdens of illness and disability.

National Institutes of Health

Page 3: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

NIH Supports 300,000 scientists and research staff at 2,500 Institutions

Page 4: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Foreign Officials Have Beaten a Path to the NIH Center for Scientific Review

Page 5: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

NIH Peer Review

Page 6: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

So who are these reviewers?

Page 7: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

They are researchers working on the cutting edge of science

Page 8: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

They are fierce defenders of fairness and rigor

Page 9: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

They have survived and excelled in highly competitive environments

Page 10: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

They are volunteers who miss many family meals and events

Page 11: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

James Randy Thomas Michael Arieh John

Rothman Schekman Südhof Levitt Warshel Moerner

73% of the Nobel Prizes 2000-2014 Won or Shared by NIH Reviewers

2013-2014

Physiology or Medicine Chemistry

Page 12: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

• Receives all NIH grant applications

• Reviews 75% or ~60,000 of them

• Recruits 17,000 reviewers a year

• Holds 1,500 review meetings a year

• Manages the process with 247 Scientific Review Officers

The NIH Center for Scientific Review

Page 13: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Peer Review and Funding of NIH Grant Applications

Page 14: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Institutes Set their Priorities Based on Input from: • The scientific community • Congress • Industry, patient and public representatives who

serve on advisory councils, boards and panels.

Who Sets NIH Priorities?

Page 15: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

How NIH Peer-Reviewed Research Has Paid Off

Page 16: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

United for Medical Research, 2013

NIH extramural funding generated $57.8 billion in economic output nationwide in 2012

Economic Benefits

Page 17: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

The Value of Health and Longevity, Kevin M Murphy and Robert H Topel, U. Chicago and NBER, 2006:

$3.2 trillion per year

Research‐related gains in life expectancy 1970-2000 have an economic value estimated of $95 trillion

Economic Benefits

Page 18: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Scientific and Health Advances

Page 19: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Source: CDC National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol 60, No 4, January 11, 2012

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

The Benefits of Biomedical and Public Health Advances U.S. Life Expectancy

Page 20: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

• 1.35 million deaths are prevented each year due to NIH research advances in treating or preventing cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes

• 70% of major drugs were developed or made possible by NIH-funded research according to a 2000 congressional report: The Benefits of Medical Research and the Role of the NIH

Citations: http://public.csr.nih.gov/aboutcsr/

NIH Research Matters

Page 21: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Why Has NIH Peer Review Been so Successful?

• It is transparent to the applicant

• The focus is on funding ideas or people not institutions

• Ideas spring from independent researchers across the country

• Researchers must compete—like entrepreneurs—for funding

• Scientists from the external community are the primary judges

• Scientists and staff put a high value on fairness and work hard to maintain it

Page 22: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Will the Future Be as Bright as the Past?

Page 23: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Success R

ate

Fiscal Year

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Grant Success Rates FY 1978 – 2014

Page 24: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Number of Applications Received by Fiscal Year

Page 25: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

(In

Bill

ion

s)

NIH Program Level in Normal Dollars and Constant Dollars FY 1998-FY 2014

Page 26: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Will Other Countries Surpass the US?

Page 27: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Adapted from: Nondefense Discretionary Science 2013 Survey, ASBMB Source: Batelle, R&D Magazine

Change in Percentage of GDP Invested in Research 2011 to 2013

Page 28: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Country

% GDP on Research and Development

Israel 4.2

South Korea 3.6

Japan 3.4

Finland 3.5

Sweden 3.4

Germany 2.9

Switzerland 2.9

Denmark 2.9

Eight Countries Have Passed the U.S.

Page 29: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA
Page 30: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

National Natural Science Foundation of China Budget

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Page 31: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

www.csr.nih.gov

NIH Peer Reviewed Research Works for the U.S. and Can Help Propel U.S. Health Science to Greater Heights

Bottom Line:

Page 32: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Extra Slides

Page 33: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

Danielle Li and Leila Agha, Science 24 April 2015: 348 (6233), 434-438

New Data on How NIH Peer Review Works

Page 34: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

We will not let a reviewer assess an application if he--

• Is employed or seeking employment at the applicant’s institution

• Is a family member or close friend

• Is a collaborator

• Has a longstanding scientific disagreement

• Has a personal bias

• Has an appearance of a conflict

We Actively Manage Reviewer Conflicts

Page 35: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

• Using the tools of science to evaluate its effectiveness

and efficiency

• Modifying review procedures to better ensure reproducibility of research results

• Enlisting the scientific community to help assess review groups and practices.

Efforts to Assess and Advance NIH Peer Review

Page 36: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

NIH Research Matters

http://www.nih.gov/researchmatters/

Page 37: CSR SenatePresentationSept22 2015 - COSSA

View the Video www.csr.nih.gov/video/video.asp