CSM III-3 Electrical Equipment

7/27/2019 CSM III-3 Electrical Equipment

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No. 50.0, Safety Grounding

SA Safety Handbook, Minimum Safety Rules

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):

NFPA 70 , National Electrical Code (NEC)

3.3.1 Only properly equipped personnel who are trained and certified for thetype of electrical work shall perform maintenance or operation work onelectrical equipment or be present within minimum clearances of suchequipment.

3.3.2 Personnel authorized to work on electrical equipment shall pass theelectrical hazard recognition training provided by SA Training andDevelopment (T&D). See GI 2.721.

3.3.3 Personnel shall not wear rings, wristwatches, jewelry or other similar metallic objects while working within arm’s length of energized electricalequipment.

3.3.4 Ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs, see Figures 3.1 and 3.2) or ground-fault isolation systems shall be used for portable electrical tools,temporary wiring, confined space entry activities and in potentially wet or damp areas. See Section I-11, Hand Tools and Power Tools , of thismanual.

3.3.5 Electrical and static-producing equipment, including air movers, shall be properly grounded and bonded and shall be provided with ground-fault protection.



3.3.6 Installation of electrical equipment and circuits shall conform to NFPA 70,relevant SA engineering standards (e.g., P-series) and the approved design

package. See Chapter I-11, Hand Tools and Power Tools , for temporarylighting requirements.

3.3.7 When electrical equipment is to be worked on while de-energized, it shall be properly isolated per GI 6.012 (e.g., disconnected from all power sources, locked, tagged, cleared, tried). For electrical systems, appropriateisolation shall include locking or removal of switches, circuit breakers,fuses or other isolating devices, or disconnection of all power supplies.Isolation of electrical power equipment and circuits operated at 480 voltsor higher shall include disconnection of all power sources, voltage testingand grounding. Locks and hold tags shall be used to prevent circuits from

being inadvertently energized (see Figure 3.3).

3.3.8 Metal ladders shall not be used when working on or near energizedelectrical equipment or conductors; only nonconductive ladders (e.g.,fiberglass) shall be used.

3.3.9 Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including flame resistantclothing (FRC), hardhat, safety glasses, rubber gloves with leather

protectors and safety shoes, shall be worn when working on or near electrical equipment. An arc flash suit (see Figure 3.4) shall be worn asrequired. See GI 2.721.

3.3.10 Rubber blankets shall be used to provide insulation from nearby exposedenergized conductors.



3.3.11 Prior to each use, the user of rubber insulating gloves shall visually inspectthem and perform an air test. See PDI 40.0 for guidance. Leather (mechanical) protectors shall always be worn over high voltage rubber insulating gloves.

3.3.12 Hand/power tools and personal ground cables (jumpers) shall be visuallyinspected by the user prior to each use.

3.3.13 Defective electrical equipment and tools shall not be used and shall beimmediately removed from the job site.

3.3.14 Insulated/insulating protective equipment (e.g., rubber gloves and blankets)and hot sticks shall be periodically tested and tagged by a qualified testinglaboratory, as per the manufacturer’s recommendations and GI 2.721. SeePDI 40.0 for guidance. Evidence of such testing shall be made availableupon request.

3.3.15 Electrical testing equipment (e.g., voltage meters) shall be periodicallycalibrated and tagged by a testing laboratory as per the manufacturer’srecommendations and GI 2.721.

3.3.16 Personal ground cables shall be properly inspected/tested and tagged atleast annually. See PDI 50.0 for guidance.

3.3.17 Electrical interlocks shall not be rendered inoperative by removal,modification or destruction.

3.3.18 Fuses shall be removed with approved fuse pullers and replaced only withthe proper type and rated fuse.

3.3.19 Noncurrent-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment shall be properlygrounded to prevent discharge of electricity.

3.3.20 When operating or closing a disconnect switch, personnel shall remove all jewelry, wristwatches, etc., stand to the side of the switch and move theswitch with a quick upward or downward single motion. Personnel shallturn their head away from the switch, except when wearing an arc ratedface shield (i.e., required for work on electrical equipment operated above240 volts).

3.3.21 Tables 3.1 and 3.2, and Figure 3.5 shall be used to determine the safedistance for personnel working near energized electrical equipment. See

PDI 30.0 for more information.





3.3.22 Vehicles shall not be allowed to pass over exposed cables, unless thecables have been adequately protected.

3.3.23 Confined space entry shall be per GI 2.100 and shall not be permitted untilthe atmosphere inside has been tested and is found to be safe. See Chapter I-6, Confined Spaces .

3.3.24 Work platforms and mobile equipment used near energized electricalequipment shall be properly grounded. See Figure 3.6.

3.4.1 Temporary electrical system installations shall conform to NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC).

3.4.2 Installation of temporary electrical equipment shall be performed by, or under the direction of, an authorized/certified electrician in accordancewith SA requirements and the NEC.

3.4.3 Prior approval shall be obtained from the relevant SAPO before connectingtemporary electrical installations to existing installations.

3.4.4 Receptacles shall not be connected to the same circuits that supplytemporary lighting.

3.4.5 Ground-fault protection (e.g., GFCIs) shall be provided for all temporarywiring installations.



3.5.1 Electrical wiring and equipment used in electrically classified (hazardous)areas shall be designed and installed per NEC requirements for the specificservice required.

3.5.2 Electrical equipment shall be rated (e.g., intrinsically safe) as required for the specific electrical classification of the hazardous area. See Chapter II-11, Hand Tools and Power Tools .

3.5.3 Electrical equipment shall not be used in electrically classified locations,unless it is marked to show the class, group and operating temperature for which it is approved.

3.5.4 Metal conduits in electrically classified (hazardous) locations shall bethreaded, made wrench tight and sealed as required.

3.6.1 Work shall not be performed on energized electrical equipment, unless thenature of the task requires the work to be performed while the equipment isenergized (e.g., measuring voltage, switching, hot phasing).

3.6.2 Only properly certified personnel (e.g., SA Electrical System Operator)shall perform work on energized electrical equipment.

3.6.3 At least one member of each crew authorized to work on energizedelectrical equipment shall have current first aid/basic life support (BLS)certificates.

3.6.4 Work permits shall be obtained prior to commencing work on liveequipment per GI 2.100.

3.6.5 Before beginning work on live equipment, required PPE that is rated for the electrical service shall be worn (see GI 2.721).

3.6.6 Personnel shall not work alone on energized electrical equipment, exceptas permitted by GI 2.721 or PDI 34.0.

3.6.7 Work on energized electrical equipment shall be limited to one electrical phase at a time, as applicable (e.g., performing hot phasing).

3.7.1 The applicable SAPO shall be contacted at the planning stage of any jobthat involves approaching overhead power lines or digging near underground cables. Their input/approval shall be sought on issues such as,

but not limited to, work permit requirements, route and depth of anyunderground cables, hand digging requirements and required safeclearances.



3.7.2 Overhead power lines

A. Overhead power lines shall be rerouted away from construction work or placed underground, if possible.

B. Movement of drilling rigs, cranes or heavy equipment near or under overhead power lines shall be coordinated with the SA Power OperationsDepartment (POD) as per GI 2.702.

C. Clearance distances shall be agreed upon beforehand with the SA POD.See PDI 30.0 for guidance.

D. Overhead power lines shall be protected per GI 2.702 by barriers and/or timber/wire “goal posts ” to maintain required clearances when cranes or heavy equipment are operating nearby. See Figure 3.7.

E. Access below overhead power lines shall be restricted by barriers wherethe “goal posts” are located.

Overhead power lines are usually noninsulated and any metallic object coming near or in contact with themcan be hazardous, as high voltage electricity can arc across large distances. Overhead lines shall be

rerouted, “made dead” or protected by timber “goal posts” and barriers. Clearance distances shall be agreedupon prior to beginning work.

3.7.3 Underground cables

A. In an area where an underground power cable(s) is known or suspected, thelocation of the underground cable(s) shall be accurately marked before



excavation activities begin. The SAPO shall contact SA POD and requestthem to accurately mark the location of any underground power cables asneeded. See Chapter II-1, Excavations and Shoring.

B. Work permits for excavation activities near an underground cable(s) shall be countersigned by POD as applicable and as per GI 2.100.

C. Mechanical excavators shall not be used near underground cables untilafter test excavations have been hand dug and the underground cablelocations visibly established. Mechanical excavators shall not work within3 m (10 ft) of any underground utility cable.

D. Any underground cable that is exposed during excavation work shall beassumed to be energized and not to be repositioned or moved until it has

been verified to be de-energized by an authorized/certified electrician.

E. Exposed cables in open excavations shall be properly supported and thearea barricaded.

F. Any damage to cables during excavation/work activities shall beimmediately reported to the SAPO.

3.8.1 Initial inspections, tests or determinations

A. Existing conditions shall be determined before performing work onoverhead power lines. Conditions shall include, but not be limited to: statusof energized lines and equipment, condition of poles and location of circuits and equipment (including power and communication lines).

B. Operating voltage of overhead power lines and equipment shall be verified prior to performing work on or near energized parts in order to determine proper work methods, clearances and equipment to be used.

C. Electrical equipment and lines shall be considered energized, untildetermined to be de-energized by testing and grounding by anauthorized/certified electrician.

3.8.2 De-energizing lines and equipment

A. The work permit and isolation requirements of GI 2.100 and GI 6.012 shall

be followed. All circuits shall be identified and shall be properly isolated per GI 6.012 (i.e., disconnected from all power sources, locked, tagged,cleared, tried). Locks and hold tags shall be used to prevent the circuitsfrom being inadvertently energized.

B. Electrical power equipment and circuits shall be checked for potential after isolation and protective grounds shall be applied by an authorized/certifiedelectrician.



C. Guards or barriers shall be erected near adjacent energized overhead power lines. See Section 3.7.2.

D. Before performing work on an existing overhead power line, a “clearance”shall be given to the crew by the SA POD power dispatcher as per PDI11.0. M ultiple crews may work under a single “clearance” only if all crewleaders agree and only in situations where no additional hazardouscondition exists.

E. Upon completion of work on de-energized lines or equipment, the crewleader shall confirm that all members in his crew are clear and that the

protective grounds have been removed. He shall then release his“clearance ” to the proper authority.

3.8.3 All heavy equipment/vehicles shall be grounded as soon as they are positioned near overhead power lines for any type of work.

3.8.4 Properly grounded lighting sufficient to cover the entire work site shall be provided when working at night.

3.8.5 When performing work on, over or near water, suitable PPE including lifevests shall be worn. Life rings, ropes and at least one skiff shall be

provided. See Chapter IV-2, Marine Operations .

3.8.6 Live-Line Tools

A. Only SA POD-approved “hot sticks ” (see Figure 3.8) and integral polesthat are part of a grounding set shall be used to install and removegrounding cables. “Hot sticks” shall have a valid test date marked on them.

B. Bare or gloved hands shall not be used to connect ground clamps to phaseor neutral conductors.

C. Only live- line tools having a manufacturer’s certification for the intendeduse shall be used.

D. Live-line tools shall be visually inspected and wiped clean before each use.Defective tools shall not be used and shall be immediately removed fromthe job site.



3.8.8 Power Line Material Handling

A. Truck loads shall be properly secured to prevent displacement during pole-hauling operations. A red flag shall be displayed at the trailing end of thelongest pole.

B. When hauling poles at night, illuminated warning devices shall be attachedto the trailing end of the longest pole and the hauling truck brake lightsshall be clearly visible.

C. Precautions shall be exercised to prevent blocking of roadways or endangering other traffic.

D. Prior to unloading poles, cross arms, etc., the load shall be thoroughly

examined to determine if the load has shifted, binders or stakes have broken or the load is otherwise dangerous to unload.

E. No materials or equipment shall be stored under energized lines or near energized equipment.

3.8.9 Lifting a Load

A. Crane lifts shall be per GI 7.024 and/or GI 7.028, as applicable. SeeChapter III-7, Cranes and Lifting Equipment .

B. Proper slings shall be used to hoist loads (see GI 7.029). The hoist ropeshall not be wrapped around the load. See Chapter III-8, Slings and

Rigging Hardware .

C. Outriggers and pads shall be properly used during lifts.

D. Nonconductive tag lines or other suitable devices shall be used to controlloads while being lifted.

3.8.10 Grounding for Protection of Workers







3.8.11 Overhead Line Activities

A. Unsafe poles or structures shall not be climbed until made safe by guying, bracing or other adequate means. See Figure 3.11.

B. No worker shall be at an elevation where he could fall more than 1.8 m (6ft) without using proper fall protection (e.g., full body harness andlanyard), except during pole climbing when a safety belt and climbingspurs designed for climbing can be used. See Chapter II-5, Fall Protection , and PDI 40.0.

C. Contact with energized lines or equipment shall be avoided when using

cranes, derricks, gin poles, A-frames or other mechanized equipment. SeeGI 2.702 and PDI 30.0.

D. Employees standing on the ground adjacent to energized lines or equipment shall avoid contacting equipment or machinery, unless usingappropriate protective equipment.

E. During framing operations, employees shall not work under a pole or structure suspended by a crane, A-frame or similar equipment.

GroundingJumpers

GroundingJumper

De-energizedlines

Hot Stick

Connection to pole ground



F. Pole holes shall not be left unattended or unguarded.

G. Tag lines shall be nonconductive when used near energized power lines.

3.8.12 Metal Tower Construction

A. When working in unstable soil, excavations (e.g., for pads or pile-typefootings) in excess of 1.2 m (4 ft) deep shall be either sloped to the



maximum allowable slope (angle of repose), benched or shored if entry isrequired. Ladders shall be provided for access to pad or pile-type footingexcavations in excess of 1.2 m (4 ft) deep. See Chapter II-1, Excavationsand Shoring .

B. When working in unstable soil, provisions shall be made to clean auger-type footings without requiring personnel entry, unless properly designedshoring is used to protect personnel.

C. A designated spotter wearing a fluorescent vest shall direct mobileequipment to its specific work location when performing work adjacent tofooting excavations.

D. Personnel shall not be permitted to remain in a footing while equipment is being spotted for placement.

E. The work location shall be graded and leveled to ensure the stability of mobile heavy equipment.

F. Traffic control shall be maintained when crossing highways or railways.

G. Personnel shall be protected from falling objects during tower assembly.

H. Members and sections being assembled shall be adequately supported. Guylines shall be used as needed to maintain sections or parts of sections in

position and to reduce the possibility of tipping.

I. Personnel shall not be permitted under a tower being erected or assembled.

J. Tag lines shall be utilized to maintain control of tower sections being

raised and positioned, except where the use of such lines would create agreater hazard.

K. The load line shall not be detached from a tower section until the section isadequately secured.

L. Erection work shall be discontinued during high winds or other adverseweather conditions. See Chapter III-7, Cranes and Lifting Equipment . For emergency restoration, a procedure shall be developed with requiredspecial precautions that take into account these conditions.

M. Operations shall be discontinued during the presence of lightning.

3.8.13 Stringing/Removing De-energized Conductors

A. Prior to stringing operations, a safety meeting shall be conducted coveringthe plan of operation, type of equipment to be used, grounding devices,

procedures to be followed, crossover methods to be employed, clearanceauthorization required, etc.





CSM III-3 Electrical Equipment

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