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ON THE COVER: This computer rendering shows a prototype design for a modular data center. The design provides for incremental build strategies using optional standby genera-tors, dual feeds, and double-ended substations in each mod-ule to allow for concurrent maintainability at virtually any point in the system. Courtesy: M+W Group Chicago

AUTOMATION & CONTROLS

COMMUNICATIONS

ELECTRICAL

FIRE, SECURITY & LIFE SAFETY

HVAC

LIGHTING

PLUMBING

KEY

CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER (ISSN 0892-5046, Vol. 49, No. 3, GST #123397457) is published 11x per year, monthly except in February, by CFE Media, LLC, 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Jim Langhenry, Group Publisher /Co-Founder; Steve Rourke CEO/COO/Co-Founder. CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER copyright 2012 by CFE Media, LLC. All rights reserved. CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER is a registered trademark of CFE Media, LLC used under license. Periodicals postage paid at Oak Brook, IL 60523 and additional mailing of� ces. Circulation records are maintained at CFE Media, LLC, 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Telephone: 630/571-4070. E-mail: [email protected]. Postmaster: send address changes to CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER, 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Publications Mail Agreement No. 40685520. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Email: [email protected]. Rates for nonquali� ed subscriptions, including all issues: USA, $ 145/yr; Canada, $ 180/yr (includes 7% GST, GST#123397457); Mexico, $ 172/yr; International air delivery $318/yr. Except for special issues where price changes are indicated, single copies are available for $20.00 US and $25.00 foreign. Please address all subscription mail to CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER, 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Printed in the USA. CFE Media, LLC does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any person for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions in the material contained herein, regardless of whether such errors result from negligence, accident or any other cause whatsoever.

DEPARTMENTS

07 | ViewpointThe magic of innovation

08 | MEP RoundtableWorld of difference

17 | Career SmartTips for effective meetings

COVER STORY

22 | Classifying generator power sourcesThe NEC has several categories that apply to generator power sources. It is important to review the code requirements when deciding on the classification of an alternate power source.BY BRIAN A. RENER, PE

19 | Codes & StandardsHVAC: documenting ASHRAE 62.1 compliance

71 | Advertiser Index

72 | 2 More MinutesMentoring is ‘the way it is’ at Midwest firm

FEATURES

28 | Specifying LEDs for commercial useGood lighting enhances design, conserves energy, and increases productivity, safety, security, per-sonal comfort, sales, attendance, and profit.BY GERSIL N. KAY, IESNA

45 | 2012 Product ofthe Year FinalistsWho will win gold in 2012? Consulting-Specifying Engineer announces the finalists for this year’s eighth annual Product of the Year competition, and our readers will have the final word. Cast your votes online at www.csemag.com/votepoy. BY EMMA RENEE DUTTON

36 | Code strategiesfor mixed occupancy buildingsThe code application options for mixed occupancy buildings, when applied strategically, can minimize the amount of fire-resistance-rated construction required by code.BY JOHN MAHONEY, PE, LEED AP

ON THE COVER: This computer rendering shows a prototype

KEY

3www.csemag.com Consulting-Specifying Engineer • APRIL 2012

FEATURES

APRIL 2012

FINALISTS

rated construction required by code.

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4 Consulting-Specifying Engineer • APRIL 2012

online now csemag.com

Fire systems: Protecting hospitalsOn Thursday, April 19, 2012, at 2 p.m. CST, earn 0.1 CEUs or 1.0 PDHs by joining Consulting-Specifying Engineer for a webcast on fire and life safety systems in hospitals. Register atwww.csemag.com/upcoming-webcasts. Topics will include:

� NFPA 99-2012 revisions� Functions of NFPA 99-2012� An overview of the changes in NFPA 99 since 2005� Differences between public and private operating needs� Audible and visible notification code requirements� Relocation and partial evacuation of buildings.

If you’re unable to attend the live webcast you can view it on demand after April 19, 2012, online at www.csemag.com/on-demand.

When engineering systems for buildings outside the United States, what’s the No. 1 most difficult issue you face?

Energy efficiency,sustainability

Codes andstandards

OtherHVAC

odes andandards

OtherHVAC

Read the roundtable discussion about international projects on page 8.For more poll results, visit www.csemag.com/poll/cse.

6%9%

28% 57%

Are you an MEP Giant?The MEP Giants program lists the top mechanical, electrical, plumbing (MEP), and fire protection engi-neering firms in the United States. An in-depth analysis of these firms will reveal what is going on in the industry, and how it has changed over the past few years. The 2012 MEP Giants will appear in the August 2012 issue of Consulting-Specifying Engineer and online. To participate in the 2012 MEP Giants program and to view the 2010 or 2011 MEP Giants reports, visit www.csemag.com/giants.

Consulting-Specifying Engineer’s Product of the Year contest is a premier award for new prod-ucts in the HVAC, fire, electrical, and plumbing systems engineering mar-kets. Review the 2012 POY finalists on page 45 and cast your vote for your favorite product online at www.csemag.com/votePOY. The winners will be announced in the September 2012 issue of CSE and online.

Consulting-Specifying Engineer is now on Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Follow CSE, join the discus-sions, and receive news and advice from your peers.

Facebook:www.facebook.com/CSEmag

Google+:http://tinyurl.com/CSEgoogleplus

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Twitter:www.twitter.com/AmaraRozgus

Subscribe directly to e-newsletters, and receive focused technical content on a regular basis. Subscribe at www.csemag.com/newsletters. Select from:

� CSE Codes & Standards� Electrical Solutions� Energy Solutions� Fire & Life Safety� HVAC Solutions� News Watch� Product & Media Showcase� Pure Power

Would you prefer to receive this issue as a digi-tal publication? Update your subscription, and get our digital edition, on our new more interactive platform, in your e-mail in-box: www.csemag.com/subscribe.

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CONTENT SPECIALISTS/EDITORIAL

AMARA ROZGUS, Editor in Chief/Content Manager 630-571-4070, x2211, [email protected]

PATRICK LYNCH, Project Manager 630-571-4070, x2210, [email protected]

AMANDA MCLEMAN, Project Manager630-571-4070 x2209, [email protected]

BOB VAVRA, Content Manager 630-571-4070, x2212, [email protected]

MARK HOSKE, Content Manager 630-571-4070, x2214, [email protected]

PETER WELANDER, Content Manager 630-571-4070, x2213, [email protected]

MICHAEL SMITH, Creative Director 630-779-8910, [email protected]

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDANIL AHUJA, PE, LEED AP, RCDD,

President, CCJM Engineers, Chicago

PATRICK BANSE, PE, LEED AP, Senior Mechanical Engineer,

Smith Seckman Reid Inc., Houston

PAUL BEARN, PE, Associate Electrical Services Engineer,

KlingStubbins, Philadelphia

MICHAEL CHOW, PE, LEED AP BD+C,Principal, Metro CD Engineering LLC, Dublin, Ohio

DOUGLAS EVANS, PE, FSFPE, Fire Protection Engineer, Clark County Building Division, Las Vegas

RAYMOND GRILL, PE, FSFPE, Principal, Arup, Washington, D.C.

RAJ P. GUPTA, PE, LEED AP, President, Environmental Systems Design Inc., Chicago

GERSIL KAY, President, Conservation Lighting Intl. and Building Conservation

Intl., Philadelphia

WILLIAM KOSIK, PE, LEED AP, Managing Principal, EYP Mission Critical

Facilities Inc., Chicago

TIMOTHY E. KUHLMAN, PE, RCDD, Electrical Engineer CH2M Hill, Portland, Ore.

KEITH LANE, PE, RCDD, LC, LEED AP, President, Lane Coburn & Assocs., Seattle

KENNETH L. LOVORN, PE, President, Lovorn Engineering Assocs., Pittsburgh

ALI MAHMOOD, PE,Senior Mechanical Engineer, Stanley

Consultants Inc., Chicago

ERIN MCCONAHEY, PE, Associate Principal, Arup, Los Angeles

SYED PEERAN, PE, Ph.D., Senior Engineer, Camp Dresser & McKee Inc.,

Cambridge, Mass.

MARTIN H. REISS, PE, FSFPE, President, CEO, The RJA Group Inc., Framingham, Mass.

BRIAN RENER, PE, LEED AP, Senior Manager, M+W Zander U.S. Operations Inc., Chicago

DAVID SELLERS, PE, Senior Engineer, Facility Dynamics Engineering Inc., Portland, Ore.

GERALD VERSLUYS, PE, LEED AP, Principal, Senior Electrical Engineer, TLC Engineering

for Architecture, Jacksonville, Fla.

MIKE WALTERS, PE, LEED AP,Principal, AEI/Affiliated Engineers Inc., Madison, Wis.

PETER D. ZAK, PE, Principal, GRAEF, Milwaukee

Editor’s Viewpoint

Send your questions and comments to:[email protected]

The magic of innovation

What do the automated teller machine, Kodak Photo CD, and the fax machine have

in common? On the surface, it doesn’t seem like much. Each of these prod-ucts, however, started out as an award-winning technology in the pages of a magazine.

Government labs—and some private firms—have spent countless dollars and hours on basic research. Basic research is the purest form of research, often without specific monetary goals or timelines. Researchers often head into a lab to “build a better mousetrap” or better understand fundamental prin-ciples, and come away with something that changes our everyday lives. Basic research is debatable; some feel that this free-form research with no direct or immediate commercial benefits holds no place in our society. Oth-ers believe that basic research leads to innovations beyond our wildest dreams.

Either way you look at it, researchers have brought us some pretty cool stuff.

In addition to the three products mentioned above, the halogen lamp, Nicoderm anti-smoking patch, and HDTV debuted in the pages of R&D Magazine as winners of the R&D 100 Awards. While some of them may have been “mistakes” in the lab, others may have been developed to enhance

technology already in place or to beat the competition—and make more money.

In the case of this publication, government laboratories—a hotbed of basic research—don’t participate in our top products competition, the Product of the Year awards. We do, however, see some of the most innova-tive companies enter the competition. These firms encourage and award innovation, so it’s no surprise that they compete year after year. Last year’s Product of the Year Most Valuable Product is an example of that—the winning company continuously devel-ops and produces new technologies.

While the Product of the Year final-ists in electrical distribution or plumb-ing and water management may not seem as cutting-edge as the liquid crystal display or Taxol anticancer drug (also R&D 100 Award winners), they undoubtedly make our buildings a little smarter, our planet a little green-er, and our lives a little better.

Voting for the Product of the Year program remains open until June 29. I encourage you to select the next hot technology in the building and engi-neering field. You’ll be selecting the gold, silver, and bronze winner in each category. Then, with your creative juices flowing, go back to your work-shop and engineer a better mousetrap.

Amara Rozgus Editor in Chief

1111 W. 22nd St. Suite 250, Oak Brook, IL 60523630-571-4070 Fax 630-214-45041111 W. 22nd St. Suite 250, Oak Brook, IL 60523


CSE1204_VIEW_V3msFINAL.indd 7 4/3/12 3:49 PM

8 Consulting-Specifying Engineer • APRIL 2012 www.csemag.com

CSE: Please describe a recent interna-tional project you’ve worked on—share problems you’ve encountered, how you’ve solved them, and aspects of the project you’re especially proud of.

Paul Bearn: We’ve been involved in vari-ous projects in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. The greatest technical challenges have been in understanding local construction practices, product availability, and code requirements. The initial solution to all three problems is additional technical research; experience makes these all less of a burden over time. The language barrier can be challenging, although it’s really not the obstacle one might expect as the rest of the world is accustomed to doing business in English. Cultural differ-ences and expectations can lead to confusion more often than language does; internal discus-sions of the issues encountered coupled with Internet research on cultural differences can be quite helpful here, and such problems similarly diminish over time with experience.

Mehdi Jalayerian: We have found success working internationally when we have strong partnerships to develop solutions for challenges anywhere in the world. An example includes the Abu Dhabi financial center where our part-nerships, both domestic and international, have worked together with our client and contrac-tors to design and assist with construction over-sight and commissioning of a major mixed-use development. By having strong relationships prior to encountering project challenges, we

were able to develop solutions quickly to main-tain the development’s momentum.

Erin McConahey: [We did a] recent confiden-tial design project in the Middle East. Primary problems were related to lack of information on site utilities as the landmass was being cre-ated simultaneous to the design process. Addi-tionally, getting paid in a timely manner was an issue. These remain problems. The design aspects of the work are quite involved techni-cally and with regard to multidisciplinary inte-gration and coordination, so the team is quite proud of the work.

CSE: How did your firm decide to branch out and seek international work?

Jalayerian: Our firm has been working inter-nationally for more than 30 years. Initially, we pursued international work as a consultant for firms we have had long-standing relationships with. Through teaming with local partners, we used our strength in providing sustainable and practical MEP designs for projects. During the boom of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), we opened an office and made a commitment to growing our business throughout the Middle East. We now have people living in the UAE as well as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and have begun hiring locally and integrating ex-pats with local talent. The decision to place roots in the Middle East came after several years of experience with various state-of-the-art projects. We see growth in the region for the high level of consulting engineering our firm provides.

MEP RoundtablePARTICIPANTS

Paul Bearn, PEElectrical services engineer,

KlingStubbins,Philadelphia

Robert Bolin, PE, LEED Fellow, ASHRAE HBDP

Senior vice presidentNational director,

High performance solutions,Syska Hennessy Group Inc.,

Chicago

Mehdi JalayerianPE, LEED AP BD+C

Executive vice president,Global practice,

Environmental SystemsDesign Inc.,

Chicago

Erin McConahey, PE, LEED APPrincipal, Arup,

Los Angeles

Robert Bolin, PE, LEED

Mehdi Jalayerian

Erin McConahey,

World of differenceConducting business overseas can be a challenge of globalproportions. Figure in language barriers, culture clashes, lack ofadequate infrastructure, and climate differences, and a projectthat would be difficult even in your home country becomesdownright daunting. Here, engineers with experience oninternational projects offer worldly advice.

CSE1204_MEP_Roundtable_V4msFINAL.indd 8 4/3/12 3:50 PM


Bearn: As we’ve increased our interna-tional experience and exposure, we find not only that repeat customers and new foreign clients are growing the market for us, but that our global U.S. clients are also now inviting us to participate in international projects whereas previously they might have considered us only for projects at home—so it’s quite likely this trend will continue through and beyond the current U.S. economic recovery.

CSE: In which countries are you seeing the most success, and why?

Jalayerian: We are currently focused on the Middle East and India. When reviewing emerging or growing econo-mies, we believe there is going to be long-term growth in the Middle East, India, and Asia. Coupled with long-term economic growth, we have gained insti-tutional knowledge of how to immerse our effort within the business cultures of the Middle East and India and provide value-added services. We believe we are seeing success due to our commitment to these regions and our understanding of the value proposition our clients seek in these locations.

McConahey: Generally speaking in terms of economic outlook of the local industries, East Asia is doing quite well at the moment, followed somewhat by sta-bility in the Australasia region. Europe and the United Kingdom are suffering, and in the Americas, growth is very market-driven and secondarily locality-driven.

Bearn: The unprecedented economic growth in China has led to several suc-cessful data center, pharmaceutical, and commercial projects for us; the Latin America and the Middle East econo-mies are similarly growing while also still undergoing rapid development, and we’ve experienced similar successes there. In other regions, such as Russia, business relationships and niche technical

experience have led to repeat business.

CSE: Have you increased or decreased the number of interna-tional projects your firm takes on?

Bearn: Over the last five or 10 years, the growth rate was quite dramatic. Going forward, it appears the level may stabilize somewhat, neither growing nor contract-ing as an overall percentage.

Jalayerian: For the past 20 years, we have seen steady growth in the number of international projects that require high-performance designs. Our long history of providing practical, efficient, and sustain-able MEP designs has helped to grow our share of international projects.

CSE: What are some of the most notable differences between inter-national projects and domestic projects?

Robert Bolin: This depends on mar-ket sector. Certain international hospital projects embrace the notion of operable windows in part of the building much more readily than in the U.S. This is usually culturally driven, what they have historically incorporated, and the local codes will often allow this whereas it can be much more challenging to incor-porate in the U.S. We also have found in the more recent international projects a willingness to incorporate innovative solutions and strategies that often are cut from U.S. projects. So there has been an opportunity to test new and alternative approaches and technologies in some international projects (by no means all), that then find their way back into U.S. projects after they have been successfully implemented elsewhere.

McConahey: Familiarity with codes, local practices, available materials, and cultural expectations. Our best work occurs when the U.S. office is support-ing an architectural team, and our remote

office is within the construction area anticipated and already has relationships with the local authorities, officials, and construction partners.

Jalayerian: We have found many of these opportunities are at a scale unfath-omable in the U.S. In the U.S., privately owned institutions plan new or major projects based on micro-economic con-ditions. An example is a hospital or a uni-versity may develop a master plan for a campus and implement the plan over 10 to 15 years. Internationally, our clients are planning, designing, and construct-ing major healthcare cities and university towns that incorporate all of the compo-nents in a single development. Due to speed of development, the delivery pro-cess for international projects requires a practical and quick response approach for a successful development.

CSE: What types of projects are you most likely to work on outside the U.S.—for example, do you tend to see more retrofits than new con-struction, or more of any one type of project?

Bearn: Our international projects have been almost exclusively new con-struction. However, the market sectors involved range widely, including offices, hotels, residential, manufacturing, labo-ratories, universities, government facili-ties, and data centers, with no clear single dominant project type.

Jalayerian: For our firm, it is mostly new construction for large-scale complex projects where full design team integra-tion is crucial to proposing innovative design solutions. Examples include the net-zero design for the Masdar World Headquarters in Abu Dhabi, UAE (100,000 sq meters); Kingdom Tower in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) (the world’s tallest); and the Abu Dhabi Financial Center in Abu Dhabi, UAE (large-scale, mixed-use development on



MEP Roundtable

Sowah Island). Each of these develop-ments required design team integration from the start as well as strong partner-ships with local firms with the ability to produce tender documents through a thor-ough understanding of the design intent.

McConahey: We would almost always do new construction. Occasionally, we will do due-diligence studies for Ameri-

can clients interested in evaluating capi-tal investment opportunities in a foreign country.

Bolin: We generally see much more new construction than renovation in our international projects, and they are either typically larger projects where the client desires an international engineer as part of the team, or in a particular market sector where our firm has significant expertise and experience—data centers, healthcare, aviation, mixed-use, super tall towers.

CSE: Outside of occasional language barriers, do you ever encounter “culture clashes” on international projects?

McConahey: As a woman, when I was younger, I ran into the occasional person who was less likely to acknowledge my direct contributions. This happens less frequently now that I am a principal within the firm. My experience is that when I directly show that I have expert knowledge, the concerns regarding my gender disappear in the technical realm, and we establish understandings related to cultural norms regarding proximity, dress, and interaction patterns.

Jalayerian: For the most part, people throughout the world have a better under-standing of English than many Americans have of other languages. Culturally, there is an understanding that there are differences leading to opportunities for all parties to

be successful through collaboration. As true in the U.S., diversity leads to expand-ing knowledge, innovation, and success when approached in a respectful manner. This does not necessarily mean there aren’t bumps in the road, but when there is an underlying respect and the entire team is focused on contributing to the success of the project, cultural clashes diminish.

Bearn: Cultural differences become apparent quickly. One is quickly warned that to drink water during Ramadan would be insulting—even during an all-day presentation. And stories regard-ing the presentation of business cards in China and Japan are now cliché here but still hold true. Fortunately, we foreigners are usually afforded a bit more leeway with such slips of social etiquette than natives might be, usually amounting to a few awkward moments. Moreover, there’s typically a great deal of interest on both sides to learn more about each other’s culture and language; exploring the differences can be a great way to build relationships and put everyone at ease. There can be areas of greater con-cern though—for example, differences in what’s implied by a “contract.” The same cultural affinity for business that might fascinate an American tourist when hag-gling for souvenirs can distress an Ameri-can project manager as he discovers that a contract signing is only a formality, signi-fying the start of renegotiations.

CSE: Do you ever encounter chal-lenges or problems due to lack of access to infrastructure (potable water, electrical utilities, poor road conditions, etc.)?

Jalayerian: Many of the projects we are working on include new infrastruc-ture because they are large-scale devel-opments in newly developed land that

requires new utilities. These types of new developments provide greater opportuni-ties for overall energy-efficiency strate-gies that include central (district) cooling/heating/power generation plants as well as self-contained potable water supply and sewage treatment systems. We work closely with project planners and civil engineers to integrate these infrastructure facilities into the developments.

Bearn: While such conditions certainly exist and persist in many regions of the world, there is generally little evidence of this in the areas we’ve been involved in, but others’ experiences may vary greatly. That said, a sense of adventure and a bit of common sense always come in handy when exploring, both at home and abroad.

CSE: Please describe a situation on an international project where regional codes and standards pre-sented a challenge, and how you worked to overcome that challenge.

Bearn: The electrical systems can be strikingly different, even when working in countries which reference U.S. build-ing codes. In countries such as Saudi Arabia, both U.S. and European codes coexist; it can be unclear exactly which code is applicable and it’s often a contrac-tual requirement to adhere to both sets of codes despite conflicts between them. A quite different problem is faced in China, where the Guo Biao codes are written in a style less like the strict requirements of the U.S. and more like a design guideline, which can lead to difficulty in interpret-ing and understanding them.

Jalayerian: Each country’s build-ing codes are developed based on local knowledge and practices for construc-tion and life safety. Often times the local codes and standards cannot be effective-ly applied to modern projects envisioned for such locations. Although the lack of applicability of local codes presents a challenge to building design profession-als, it presents the opportunity to help the local community of building authorities,

“Each of these developments required design team integration

from the start as well as strong partnership with local firms with

the ability to produce tender documents.” —Mehdi Jalayerian



utility companies, fire “brigades,” con-tractors, and owner-operators to become familiar first-hand with solutions that are typically outside the scope of local codes and experience. An example is the location of electrical transformers within a building and especially for high-rise structures. In the U.S., common prac-tice includes transformers located at grade as well as above-grade levels to allow economy of installation by locat-ing transformers as close as possible to the load centers while improving overall performance and reliability. European standards somewhat limit the location of transformers to mostly on-grade; Chi-nese standards have now recognized the advantage of cost saving and reliability and mostly require it as a base solution; Middle Eastern jurisdictions did not allow this approach but are evolving toward such concepts and in recent years have adapted building code revisions to

specifically allow this important design flexibility.

CSE: What surprises, if any, have you encountered in the area of codes and standards on your inter-national projects?

Bolin: The variation of the codes and standards from international location to location can quickly become overwhelm-ing. In rapidly emerging international locations, the speed of development has also given rise to very rapidly changing codes and standards, so what is applicable to one project can quickly change for the next.

McConahey: There is no consistency in the source of the adopted codes; for instance, electrical codes may be heav-ily influenced by British standards, fire codes may be influenced by American International Codes and the National Fire

Protection Assn. (NFPA), and plumbing codes may be influenced by the Uniform Codes. Additionally, often the codes are written prescriptively for small size buildings.

Bearn: The differences are most evi-dent in the codes concerned with immedi-ate life safety. For example, in the U.S., the emergency power system codes focus a great deal of attention on the segregation of various electrical backup systems and transfer equipment based on their level of criticality; to my knowledge, there is no such requirement anywhere else in the world. In contrast, several other regions of the world have strict requirements for civil defense shelters not unlike the bomb shelters constructed during the Cold War era in U.S. buildings but almost unheard of here today.

CSE: Our audience poll respon-dents have indicated that codes and

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MEP Roundtablestandards are their No. 1 challenge on international projects. Do you agree or disagree, and why?

Jalayerian: I agree that the primary challenge of a building design in a given jurisdiction or country is the application of codes and standards. Engineering designs for any project must take into account the local codes and standards of practice, and particularly in the area of life safety. The selected/installed build-ing systems must consider the applica-tions/configurations that are in line with the local practices and do not impose unnecessary complication for the local municipality and civil defense.

Bearn: I’d certainly agree with that, especially when entering a market for the first time. Foreign codes are organized quite differently from U.S. codes, mak-ing it difficult to determine which codes are applicable and which codes must be purchased. Quite a few foreign codes and ordinances are officially available only in their native language; third-party trans-lations are sometimes available but they are not inexpensive and the quality of the translation varies. Of course, just as with U.S. codes, familiarity and experience with the codes diminishes these problems over time.

McConahey: I agree. It is quite essen-tial to have someone on the ground who understands the nuances and knows the official. Authorities have great personal power in determining aninterpretation, especially on nonstandard projects.

Bolin: Yes, I would tend to agree. I am anxious for the day when the Interna-tional Building Code (IBC) is truly rec-ognized as just that so that there is more consistency around the globe, recogniz-ing that there will always be some local and regional differences.

CSE: What’s the one factor most commonly overlooked in electrical systems on projects outside of the U.S.?

Bearn: Backup power systems need to be reviewed in detail early on in the proj-ect’s conceptual phase. Such systems can have a substantial physical requirement for building footprint, fuel storage, and air intake, and can have a high cost asso-ciated with them. In addition, the code and product listing requirements vary greatly from country to country. Local expectations vary too: in the Middle East, it is common knowledge that domestic

water pumps are “always” provided with generator power, even if there is no writ-ten requirement to do so; this may sur-prise uninitiated Western designers.

Jalayerian: Differences in wiring devices and methods are the most obvi-ous items that can be overlooked in electrical systems design. What are not obvious are the differing conceptual approaches of some counties regarding electrical demand factors. Many coun-tries have a different concept of demand factors at main transformers, and even receptacle socket outlet quantities and their relation to overall building electri-cal demand factors. The approach outside of the U.S. is typically more conscious of conserving materials and of designing less capacity than would be common in a domestic design.

McConahey: Local codes and prac-tices; generally a project refers to a spe-cific countrywide code like the British Standards (BS), or European standards (EN), etc., but little is stated or written of what local authorities may expect and/or require. Sometimes multiple codes are stipulated which may conflict with other codes. An example is buildings outside

the U.S. that are designed for life safety according to NFPA but are using BS, or EN for electrical codes. This poses a conflict because NFPA refers to the National Electric Code, which has dif-ferent requirements.

CSE: Please describe an interna-tional project on which you worked that had an especially unique or challenging electrical system.

Jalayerian: Designing a major high-rise in a developing country presented a real challenge, as that nation’s code and practice explicitly limits install-ing transformers on upper floors. The situation is generally aggravated by the local engineer of record’s refusal to champion the improved design with the local authorities. The approach we have recommended to overcome these varia-tions in practices and to obtain a common understanding is to escort senior ministry officials to another foreign country where such installations have been implemented and are in operation for many years to get familiar with how we had addressed such an installation already on an existing high-rise building.

Bearn: In addition to the language and code issues discussed above, an addi-tional level of effort is required in under-standing the local installation practices. For example, cable tray is used much more frequently for power distribution in other countries than it is in the U.S., even in light commercial applications. Significant construction cost savings can be realized using tray, but the design effort is significantly higher. The overall product marketplace can be quite dif-ferent too: On a recent project in Saudi Arabia, we were asked to use a European emergency lighting system consisting of intelligent dc battery panels with integral ac/dc transfer switches serving fluores-cent ballasts; the ballasts use one single pair of wires for ac power, dc power, and digital communications with the emer-gency lighting panels. It’s a great system, but it’s not yet approved for use in the

“I am anxious for the day when the International Building Code

(IBC) is truly recognized as just that so that there is more consis-

tency around the globe.” —Robert Bolin


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U.S. Similarly, seemingly small details such as convenience receptacle configurations can absorb a surprising amount of time on international projects, such as on a hotel project where the owner is catering to an international clientele or a laboratory which purchases its equipment from the global marketplace and hosts international scientists. “Universal” multistandard outlets are available which can greatly simplify this problem, but only where their use has been approved by the local listing or standards authority.

CSE: What changes in fire protection systems have you seen in international projects recently? What do you see changing in the near future?

Jalayerian: As jurisdictions have adapted provisions of the IBC and applied more international practice standards, products and systems have similarly changed to reflect more universally accepted applications.

McConahey: While I do not have direct experience with the systems on a project, it is my understanding that the use of water mist fire protection systems in place of traditional fire sprinkler systems is becoming more common. This approach is interest-ing in that the impacts of water damage could be significantly reduced for buildings or facilities where operational downtime must be minimized. Looking to the future, the prevalence of using elevators as a life safety system to facilitate more efficient evacuation for high-rise building is expected to grow.

CSE: What fire/life safety factors might engineers overlook on international projects?

McConahey: I think that the No. 1 most important issue for fire and life safety consultants working internationally is to verify the applicable local building/fire authority requirements as soon as possible. Many international jurisdictions have prac-tices and procedures that can be much more restrictive than are commonly enforced in the U.S.

Jalayerian: While following international standards in name, the authorities in some countries appear to be less open to the exceptions within these codes. It’s important to be knowledge-able of the unwritten requirements and local amendments that provide further definition for their application to local practice. Additionally, engineers shouldn’t overlook the availability of qualified maintenance; this may lead to designs depending less on sophisticated engineering support.

CSE: Describe a recent high-rise project on which you worked. What were the challenges of working on this type of building in a foreign country?

Jalayerian: Any time we design a tower that far exceeds a country’s previous experience and the explicit prescriptive scope

of its code, either in scope and/or complexity, it’s a challenge helping the local building authorities to get comfortable with engineered performance-based solutions. At times this requires bringing representatives of that country’s authorities/ministries to a different country to get familiar with how we’ve addressed similar challenges already on an existing tower. Sometimes facilitating discussion on-site between the authorities of the two counties is helpful.

McConahey: The challenges on international high-rise project relate back to understanding the regulatory framework. What may be a common practice in the U.S. may be groundbreaking territory in a foreign country. Design considerations for issues such as smoke control, refuge floors, and the use of elevators vary greatly and must be understood by the entire design team as early as possible in the project.

CSE: What experience have you had with sustainabil-ity concerns on international projects?

Bearn: Sustainability is a global concern; the focus on sus-tainability is not at all unlike that at home.

Bolin: Not surprisingly, there is no “one size fits all” in terms of defining sustainability requirements or aspirations for any



MEP.indd 13 4/4/2012 2:53:52 PM


projects, whether in the U.S. or inter-nationally. What we do find consistent, however, is that most clients on large projects want their buildings to address improved energy, water, and material effi-ciency in some way, but want capital and lifecycle economics to justify it.

Jalayerian: Sustainability and building energy efficiency is an integral part of our practice for all of our designs and within any jurisdiction. Certainly where there has been a strong desire by the building owner for the highest level of energy efficiency, we have worked to enhance our design to achieve higher standards of practice. An example is our integrated MEP design for the net-zero energy Masdar Headquarters in Abu Dhabi, which incorporates high-performance building systems solutions. The project design includes low energy consumption and produces 3% more energy that it consumes. Furthermore, we have provided integrated MEP design for a high-rise building in Seoul, South Korea, which achieves the highest energy effi-ciency grade given to a building in South Korea by the local independent construc-tion institutes.

CSE: How often do you work on international Green Building Council or Green Globes projects? Which program is more accepted interna-tionally?

McConahey: We have primarily seen the use of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) LEED standard over any inter-national code; we have also seen countries write their own green building code.

Bolin: We find that LEED and the Building Research Establishment Envi-ronmental Assessment Method (BREE-AM) remain the market leaders in terms of environmental certification programs

around the world. But various interna-tional markets have moved aggressively to either license LEED and update to reflect local and regional priorities (like Canada), or have developed their own rat-ing systems specific to their own needs (like Estidama in Abu Dhabi, Green Star

in Australia, the Comprehensive Assess-ment System for Building Environmen-tal Efficiency (CASBEE) in Japan, the Green Building Certification Systems (GBCS) in Korea, 3-Star in China, etc.). Regardless of the certification program, we do see the vast majority of our inter-national projects seeking some type of environmental certification.

Jalayerian: We see Green Building Council as well as Green Globe used by many international jurisdictions to establish a benchmark for local practic-es. Many international jurisdictions are writing and adapting their own method to grade sustainability and energy effi-ciency of buildings. Some jurisdictions, such as Abu Dhabi, are adapting green design requirements as an integral part of building codes and approval process.

CSE: In your experience, which climate region is the most difficult to design for? What unique HVAC tools have you used?

McConahey: I find hot/humid climates particularly challenging from a dehumid-ification and energy use point of view. Dedicated outside air systems with total heat recovery are necessary in these areas. That said, I think it is difficult because it is quite different from my experience in the dry Southwestern U.S. I just think that it is necessary to understand the climate very well and to listen to local people who understand unique seasonal differ-ences that might not appear explicitly in

online weather tapes.Bolin: Hot and humid climates pose

the greatest challenges, in my experience. Moisture entrainment into buildings and outdoor ventilation air temperature and moisture content both need to be careful-ly controlled to ensure appropriate indoor air quality. This becomes increasingly important as hydronic cooling systems such as radiant ceilings and slabs and chilled beams become more mainstream for providing comfort cooling to build-ings. We are using building performance modeling tools for energy, solar/daylight, and airflow management simulation on most projects now, regardless of region.

Jalayerian: Building designs in the hot climatic conditions such as Middle East are the most challenging as they require higher interaction and coordination with the entire design team to achieve the highest level of energy efficiency. The HVAC systems selection and design are established based on the building’s architectural enclosure and its orientation. Solar analysis tools as well as computa-tional fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis soft-ware can greatly assist the engineers and architects to integrate system solutions that holistically view the performance of the building environment.

CSE: How do available technolo-gies and demand for new products vary from region to region?

McConahey: The application of vari-ous technologies is as much a matter of taste as it is economics. Eye-catching media architecture projects are tough to keep in a project here in the U.S. The overt nature of the technology is seen sometimes in the states as being too much of a statement, often with costs coming in as secondary issues, if the financial models are correct. Where in Asia, these cutting-edge media archi-tecture technologies are seen as fashion-able and energetic ways to create icons. Simultaneously, advances in white light LED are really being pushed by the U.S. and European markets.

MEP Roundtable

“I just think that it is necessary to understand the climate very

well and to listen to local people who understand unique seasonal

differences that might not appear explicitly in online weather tapes.”

—Erin McConahey


© 2012 Thomas & Betts Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Meetings. The very word con-jures Dilbert comic strips, snarky notes on appointment

calendars, and frustrated sighs as workers gather around the conference table like buffalo at a watering hole. Often, there is no agenda, no goal, no central ques-tion to be answered. Just a round of talk-ing heads rattling off updates to a project manager, who may ask a question or two.

Meetings can be problematic not just because they are improperly planned, but also because they are improperly attended. But here’s a twist: The bad reputation that meetings have are an opportunity for you to advance your career through differentiation. Simply put, planning and facilitating crisp and effective meetings will help establish you as an effective leader or manager.

Plan for crisply segmented meetingsFirst, invite only the people who need

to be there and provide them with an agenda at least several days in advance. State the purpose of the meeting at the top of the agenda, and identify who will keep time and who will take notes. As facilitator, you need to focus on accom-plishing the objective of the meeting, so have others help with the logistics.

The agenda also needs clear out-comes stated in actionable terms. These outcomes are written directly below the stated purpose, for example:

Purpose: Select a boiler manufac-turer for new hospital.

Action item: Project team will deter-mine the boiler manufacturer short-list.

Each outcome will have a designated

time period for discussion, and it will identify the person who will lead the discussion. How much time should a discussion have? Try this rule of thumb: Guesstimate how much discussion time a group needs, add about 3 minutes for final decisions, and then cut that total by 30%. So if you think finalizing the short list will take about 20 minutes, add 3 minutes, then cut 23 minutes by 30% and allot 17 minutes.

When segmenting meetings, eschew 5-minute intervals. Shorter, choppy time frames set a tone of planning and urgency while still providing time for substantive deliberation. They also alert participants to come prepared.

Delegate and empowerAs mentioned earlier, each meeting

should have at least three roles: the facilitator, a timekeeper, and a note-taker. Make assignments in advance when planning the agenda, rotating the roles if possible. Timekeepers move meetings along; they’re vital to staying on track. Have them call out “2 min-utes” when the allotted time segment is closing. This way, you, the facilitator, can call for a final word, last question, or confirming consensus vote or deci-sion.

The note-taker role involves more than recording action items and impor-tant decisions; the note-taker is best suited to wrap up the meeting by read-ing these items aloud, obtaining confir-mation, and e-mailing the notes to all while sitting at the table as the meet-ing closes. Notes are not transcriptions

of everything said, but just the most important points, decisions, and action items. This sounds like a lot, so provide the note-taker with a template that has the agenda built into it as well as the e-mail addresses of the participants.

FacilitateBeing mindful of the behavior pat-

terns of participants is important. Plan in advance how you will deal with peo-ple you will need to interrupt, and how you will do so. Facilitators are obli-gated to interrupt others respectfully when a discussion is getting off task. You also need to engender participa-tion from people who may be shy or have other difficulties communicating. Diplomatically informing such people ahead of time that you will be calling upon them will allow them to prepare what they will say.

Holding crisp, decisive meet-ings will make you a hero. And you should expect your effective meetings will pressure others to follow yourlead.

Smith is the department chair of the Curriculum, Language, and Literacy program at Concordia University Chi-cago. She has more than 12 years of experience in adult teaching and train-ing and has published feature articles on mentoring and training in Consulting-Specifying Engineer. Smith also pro-vides research and training services to firms in the buildings industry on a vari-ety of career skills topics ranging from networking to public presentations.

Career Smart

Tips for effective meetingsSchedule and run efficient meetings with these simple tips.

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ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010: Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, including normative Appendix

A and approved Addenda A, C, D, and E con-tained in the 2011 Supplement, form the current version of the standard. The standard is noted by ANSI as a consensus standard, meaning it was developed and approved by concurrence of more than a simple majority that reached a substantial agreement by directly and materially affected interest categories. The standard also contains Appendixes B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J, which are termed informative and are not part of the standard. However, these appendixes con-tain valuable information regarding methods of compliance and documentation required by the standard. As with any code or standard, it must be read in its entirety to determine the applicabil-ity to the specific project or task at hand.

The standard by itself is not a code nor is it enforceable, unless it has been adopted by refer-ence by an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Portions of this standard, such as ventilation rate tables and formulas, have already been incorpo-rated into some of the model building codes. As with any code or standard incorporated by refer-ence, it is incumbent upon the designer to discuss the requirements and applicability with the AHJ.

The purpose of the standard is to “specify minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide indoor air quality (IAQ) that is acceptable to human occupants and that mini-mizes adverse health effects.” It applies to most all occupancy and use types of new buildings, additions to existing buildings, and changes to existing buildings as identified in the standard. It defines requirements and air-cleaning system

design, installation, and operation and mainte-nance (O&M). Other codes and standards may have ventilation requirements that should also be considered.

Documentation of all aspects of the project ventilation is required as it is defined within the standard. The documentation is required to be formal and is specifically listed in Sections 4 (Outdoor Air Quality), 5 (Systems and Equip-ment), 6 (Procedures: Ventilation Rate Proce-dure; IAQ Procedure; Natural Ventilation Proce-dure); and 7 (Construction and Startup).

Section 4 requires that the outdoor air qual-ity be investigated by the designer and both the regional air quality (geographic) and the local air quality (building site) be documented and discussed with the building owner or represen-tative. Conclusions regarding the discussion and acceptability should remain in the project file.

Section 5 relates to the systems and equipment in the project and requires the design documents to specify minimum requirements for air balance and testing. Design assumptions with respect to ventilation rates and air distribution and effec-tiveness (clarified by Addendum A) must be clearly stated within the design documentation. A personal preference is to show these design criteria on the mechanical project cover sheet. Additionally, mechanical ventilation system con-trols (clarified in Addendum E) and sequences must clearly show that minimum outdoor airflow is provided at all times as required by Section 6 under any load conditions.

Air cleaning, outdoor air intake locations, minimization of rain intrusion, exfiltration (building pressurization) clarified in Addendum C, drain pans, access for cleaning and mainte-

By J. Patrick Banse, Pe, Smith Seckman Reid Inc., Houston

As with any code or standard, Standard 62.1-2010 must be read in its entirety to determine the applicability to the specific project or task at hand.

Codes & Standards

HVAC: documenting ASHRAE 62.1 complianceStandard 62.1 specifies minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide IAQ to building occupants.

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nance, air distribution systems, air classification as noted in the ventilation standard tables, and the supply, return, and exhaust systems and construction requirements must be clearly shown and documented. When required, a summary of each HVAC system may be necessary to show compliance.

Ventilation proceduresThere are three ventilation proce-

dures described in Section 6: The Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP), the IAQ Procedure, and the Natu-ral Ventilation Procedure. Any of these procedures may be used to satisfy the ventilation required as each have specific requirements and are viewed as being a valid basis of design as long as they are properly documented. In each case, the exhaust requirements of section 6.5 (clarified in Addendum d) must be met. The VRP is a prescriptive method based on minimum ventilation rates in the breathing zone based on occupancy type, number of occupants, quality of outdoor air, distribution effectiveness, and class of air. Formulas in the standard are used to determine the breath-ing zone ventilation air of each space and occupancy density. Table H-3 in the Appendix identifies a clear way to document the ventilation airflow for each space. Documentation for this

method by the designer requires that a written description of the equipment, methods, control sequences, setpoints, and the intended operational function shall be provided. A table show-ing minimum and maximum outdoor air intake airflow for each system shall also be provided.

Documentation for the IAQ proce-dure requires the design documents to include: contaminants of con-cern considered, sources and emis-sion rates, concentration limits and exposure periods, and the analytical approach used to determine ventila-tion rates and air cleaning. Contami-nant monitoring and evaluation plans must also be included. The IAQ pro-

cedure may be combined with the VRP and documented as to how the ventilation rates and air-cleaning were achieved. Table H-4 in the Appendix may be used to properly show the IAQ procedure with the requirements of Section 6.3.

The Natural Ventilation Procedure is required to be designed in accordance with proper opening sizes and locations as well as to the minimum ventilation rates required by Section 6.2 and/or 6.3 of the standard. The documentation for this pro-cedure must include all design criteria and assumptions as well as system operation requirements to achieve the required outdoor airflow.

Section 7 identifies requirements during the construction and system start-up phases of the project. Items included in this section are protective measures, cleanliness, air filters, HVAC test and balance, and drain pan testing. The contractor is required to provide this documentation to the building owner or representative that consists of O&M manuals, HVAC control system description with schematics and sequences, air balance report, construction drawings, and design criteria and assump-tions. Section 8 of the standard is concerned with O&M and the requirements apply to buildings and their ventilation systems and components constructed or renovated after adoption of this section. The engineer and facility manager should discuss these requirements with the AHJ to determine if and how compliance with this section may be required.

Inclusion of this standard through reference by an AHJ will require both the designer and contractor to provide detailed information both on the design drawings and after installation is complete to show not only compliance, but methods used to achieve and maintain the requirements during building opera-tion. Rethinking how information is presented on drawings and what additional information is required post-construction may reduce the potential anxiety of 62.1-2010 compliance.

Banse has more than 35 years of experience in the consulting engineering field with the past 30 years in healthcare design and engineering. He is a member of Consulting-Specifying Engineer’s Editorial Advisory Board.

Codes & Standards

Standard 92.1-2010 by itself is not a code nor is it enforceable, unless it has

been adopted by reference by an authority having

jurisdiction.


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The term “emergency generator” is often used mistakenly as a description of any type of gen-

erator used to provide power in a facil-ity. However, it is important that the engineer review the code requirements when deciding on the classification of an alternate power source. The NEC has several categories that apply to genera-tor power sources: emergency, legally required standby, and optional standby systems.

A newer classification, critical opera-tions power systems (COPS) was added in the 2008 NEC. These system classifi-cations affect how generators are applied within the distribution system. There are big differences between these types of systems. When communicating with code officials, it is important to use the correct term—emergency or standby—and not mix up the two, unless you have a system with both types of loads.

Several relevant codes and standards have requirements for these classifica-tions:

n NFPA 70: National Electrical Code, Articles 700, 701, 702, 708

n NFPA 99: Health Care Facilitiesn NFPA 101: Life Safety Coden NFPA 110: Standard for Emergency

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NEC Article 700 classifies emergen-cy systems as “those systems legally required and classified as emergency by municipal, state, federal, or other coded, or by any governmental agency having jurisdiction.” The NEC further states that “these systems ... automatically supply illumination, power or both … essential for safety to human life.” In practical terms this normally includes providing

power to egress lighting, fire detection and protection, certain types of elevators, public safety communications, or any system where loss of power would cause serious endangerment to life or health within 10 secs of normal power loss.

The NEC also contains requirements for legally required standby systems in Article 701. Code-required standby systems may include communications, selected ventila-tion or smoke removal systems, lighting, or certain types of industrial processes that may create hazards or hamper firefight-ing operations if power was not available. The code-required standby systems must be available within 60 secs and may be routed in the same raceway as normal power systems.

Beyond emergency or standby systems, there are two other systems that can be applied as generator power sources. Optional standby systems (Article 702) consist of loads that do not affect life safety but would result in unacceptable financial or operational losses to a facil-ity. Typical loads could include data processing, communication systems, refrigeration, selected HVAC loads, and manufacturing or critical industrial processes. Second, the 2008 version of the NEC added a new section on COPS (Article 708). These are systems, opera-tions, or facilities designated by local, state, or federal government as “mission


By Brian a. rener, Pe, LeeD aP, M+W Group, Chicago

The NEC has several categories that apply to generator power sources. It is important to review the code requirements when deciding on the classification of an alternate power source.

Classifying generator power sources

Figure 1: This computer rendering shows M+W Group’s leading-edge prototype design for a new modular data center. The design provides for incremental build strategies using optional standby generators, dual feeds, and double-ended sub-stations in each module to allow for concurrent maintainability at virtually any point in the system. This electrical and mechanical system design allows any Tier level required up to and including a level of Tier 3. Optional standby power systems are paralleled outside in enclosures and can be added to a bus in either “N” or “N+1” configurations using various types of generators including rotary coupled continuous power generator sets. Courtesy: M+W Group Chicago



critical.” Examples can include police or fire stations or other facilities for rea-sons of public safety, national security, or business continuity. This new section has some notable requirements for engineer-ing practices like commissioning, which have long been practiced in data centers and other previously unclassified “mis-sion critical” facilities.

Loading and generator sizingOnce the loads have been classified

into either emergency or standby, we need to examine loading issues such as availability and sizing.

Emergency power is required to be available within 10 secs or less. Standby systems must be available within 60 secs or less, according to the NEC.

In most electrical system sizing, demand or diversity is applied to the elec-trical loads. However, in both emergency and legally required standby systems the entire load must fully applied, without demand factors. This also includes the starting currents of motors on emergen-cy systems. This is particularly impor-tant with loads like fire pumps. Optional standby systems may use load demands calculated using NEC or other methods

It is highly recommend that a generator sizing program be used when calculating loads. Inductive loads, such as motors and transformers, present special concerns with inrush. Transformers, in particular, are overlooked in this regard when being energized by a generator. Electronic or nonlinear loads also present issues with

harmonics and voltage regulation. It is not uncommon for data centers to pres-ent leading power factor, which presents problems with voltage regulation.

The power factor rating of genera-tors should also be of particular note to engineers. Engine generators are “kW limited,” that is, they are rated using a 0.8 lagging power factor. Therefore, engi-neers need to focus on using the kW rat-ing as well as the kVA rating of a genera-tor. An additional consideration for sizing is that most engine-driven generator sets are rated for 77 F. You must derate 0.4% for every 10 F above 77 F. Most genera-tor sets are rated for 3300 ft above sea level. You must derate the unit by 1.5% for every 1000 ft above that altitude.

As part of the generator sizing, volt-age drop is an issue with emergency or standby generators. Most systems can function with a 20% maximum voltage dip. However, certain systems require less. Examples of voltage drop require-ments are shown in Table 1.

When a single alternate power source, such as a generator, is used to supply both emergency and nonemergency loads, the system must be carefully reviewed. Emergency and nonemergency loads are allowed to be placed on a single generator under certain conditions. Unless the gen-erator has the capacity to handle the full load (including starting currents), load shedding or sequencing must be imple-mented on the nonessential loads.

Power distribution requirements Under NEC, emergency circuit wiring

must be routed separately from legally required or optional standby circuits (see Figure 2). However, legally required standby circuiting may be combined with optional and other loads.

Emergency generator power distribu-tion systems must also have fire protec-tion when installed in buildings with occupancies of 1,000 people or greater, or in certain types of buildings that are taller than 75 ft. This fire protection shall be accomplished by one of two methods:

Emergency power is required to be available within 10 secs or less. Standby systems must be available within 60 secs or less.

Figure 2: Emergency circuit wiring must be routed separately from legally required or optional standby circuits. Courtesy: M+W Group Chicago



1. Installing the distribution in spaces protected by sprinklers, or

2. Providing a 2-hour-rated enclosure for the circuit wiring.

The fire protection requirements also apply to the physical feeder circuit equip-ment itself (panels, transfer switches, etc.), which must be in 2-hour-rated rooms, or rooms with fire protection.

Emergency and legally required stand-by generator power distribution systems also are required under the NEC to be selectively coordinated. This will require a protective device coordination study, looking at fault levels, and overcurrent devices to ensure that faults are isolated by opening the protective device nearest the fault, allowing the rest of the sys-tem to function. Optional standby sys-tems are not required to be selectively coordinated. Another notable protection requirement is that emergency and legally required standby power systems are not to have ground fault protection, but rather ground fault alarms.

Fuel sources andenvironmental issues

There are typically two fuel choices when considering generators: diesel and natural gas. Natural gas generators are normally used in optional standby sys-tems and with generator less than 300 kW. When considering generators for emergen-cy systems, the possible interruption of a natural gas utility source, and the 10-sec start-up time, normally leads engineers to specify diesel. However, dual-fuel genera-tors may also be considered. The amount of on-site fuel should be sufficient to pro-vide a minimum of 2 hours of run time.

A rough rule of thumb for diesel con-sumption by a generator is 7 gal/hour for

every 100 kW of generator capacity. In many cases where generators used, the desired run times are much longer. It is not unusual to see 8, 24, or even 72 hours of fuel needed for some mission critical facilities. In these cases, the engineer will need to carefully examine where to store the fuel. “Belly tanks” under the gen-erator are common, as are separate fuel tanks. The size of these storage tanks can be very significant, and the use of belly tanks may notably elevate the generator and require catwalks for access. NFPA 110 7.9.5 specifies a maximum of 660 gal diesel storage inside or on the roof of a structure.

The use of generators always requires a careful review of emissions requirements. EPA tier classifications range from T1 to T4, with T4 being the most “clean” type of generator. Local and state require-ments will need to be reviewed for any new generator installed at a site. Howev-er, in many instances these requirements may be tied to whether the generator is used for emergency or standby uses. EPA defines an emergency generator as operating a maximum of 100 hours per year for testing, during times when the normal source is available. Specifically, the amount of anticipated time the gen-erator will be running per year can affect environmental permitting. Locally based environmental engineers can assist with these code evaluations and permitting at the intended generator site.

TestingFor both emergency and legally

required standby generators, testing is

Transfer switches in emergency systems

Automatic transfer switches (ATSs) are by far the most commonly used form of transfer switches for emergency or legally required standby power systems. ATSs

traditionally consist of switches but may also use a collection of motor-operated circuit breakers, or more recently may be solid-state “static transfer switches” if rated per UL 1008.

ATSs contain voltage and frequency monitors that have settings when the primary power source has dropped out (typically 75% to 95% of normal levels) and when it has returned (typically 85% to 98% of normal levels). When the power has dropped below the preset level, the ATS will transfer to the alternate power source within a normally selectable time of 0 to 6 secs. Delays to retransfer back to normal power are provided from 0 to 30 min. This delay to retransfer is desirable to ensure that the normal power source has fully returned and is stable before retransferring. If the ATS is using a nor-mally off-line power source, such as an emergency generator, the ATS will send a start signal to the generator.

ATSs must be able to handle the anticipated full load current continuously for an anticipated minimum life of at least 20 years. Current ratings range from 30 to 4,000 amps. Typical ratings include 30, 40, 70, 80, 100, 150, 225, 260, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,600, 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 amps. The engineer should select a transfer switch equal to or greater than the calculated continuous current.

A transfer switch must be capable of withstanding and closing into the available fault current at its location in the system until the overcurrent protection device upstream clears the fault. The engineer should determine the available fault current at the trans-fer switch location and the ratings of the overcurrent protection devices to be used with the ATS. Methods for calculating short circuits and applying protective devices can are found in ANSI/IEEE Standard 242-2001: Recommended Practice for Protection and Coor-dination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. In addition, UL 1008: Standard for Safety Automatic Transfer Switches lists minimum requirements and testing for ATSs including withstand ratings and coordination ratings with overcurrent protection. The engineer should be familiar with the contents of these publications before specify-ing and applying ATSs.

Table 1: Examples of voltage drop limits for generator loadsSystem Voltage drop

Fire pump controllers <15% NEC 695.7 (A)

Elevator controllers <15%

UPS systems <15%

HID lighting <20%

Variable speed drives <20%

Courtesy: Generac


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required. There are two types of tests to be performed: The first is an acceptance test done upon installation but before becoming operational. A good source for acceptance testing is ANSI/NETA ATS-2009. The second test is operational test-ing to be performed periodically, subject to the local authority, during the life of the system. NPFA 110-2010 has requirements for testing and maintenance procedures. Written records are to be maintained for either type of system. Of note, emergency systems are required to be tested “under maximum anticipated load” whereas legally required systems are required to be tested “under load.”

As mentioned earlier, generators are also used in COPS defined under Article 708 of the NEC. This section goes beyond the testing required for emergency and legally required standby systems to require commissioning. Commissioning is a common practice in mission critical facilities and includes component, system, baseline, and functional performance tests.

There are notable differences between emergency and standby generators within NEC. The engineer should be careful in using the terms, and understand the requirements, considerations, and specifications when designing generator power systems.

Rener is manager, electrical platform leader and manager of quality assurance with M+W Group, Chicago. He is a member of the Consulting-Specifying Engineer editorial advisory board. This article is dedicated to his late father, Pierre J. Rener, who taught him and many others about effective communication, dedication to one’s profession, and the importance of education and lifelong learning.

Generators are also used in critical operations power systems (COPS) defined under Article 708 of the NEC.

Figure 3: In this installation, two 1 MW Generac Gemini units are fueled by diesel. The use of generators—whether diesel, dual-fuel, or other source—always requires a careful review of emissions requirements. Courtesy: Generac



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The philosopher Albert Borgmann said, “Technology is most celebrat-ed when it is most invisible—when

the machinery is completely hidden, com-bining the simplicity of godlike effort-lessness with blissful ignorance about the mechanisms that operate.”

Lighting, essential to see or do anything for life, work, or play, is such a basic tech-nology. Today it is expected to be present everywhere, including the still-in-use 30 million commercial/ institutional struc-tures erected in the United States prior to 1940, and even more residential units of that age. It is also the easiest discipline with which to conserve energy and reduce CO2 emissions. Unfortunately, lighting is often the last considered in planning and the first to be jettisoned in the budget crunch, when it should be designed as early as possible.

Good lighting enhances all design, con-serves energy, and increases productivity, safety, security, personal comfort, sales, attendance, and profit. On the other hand, artificial illumination could consume up to 40% of a commercial structure’s energy, and prolonged exposure to harmful infra-red (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted by all light, natural and artificial, could accelerate disintegration of fugitive organ-ic material components and contents (any-thing that once grew, like wood, paper, textiles, leather, ivory, lacquer, feathers, or bone).

In lighting, one size/type does not fit all. There are many tools of differing

Good lighting enhances design, conserves energy, and increasesproductivity, safety, security, personal comfort, sales, attendance, and profit.

BY GERSIL N. KAY, IESNA, Conservation Lighting International Ltd., Philadelphia

Specifying LEDsfor commercial use

LitePad is a slim-profile, LED light source that creates a soft, even panel of light, as

shown on this Christian Dior facade in New York City. With a unique form factor

and lightweight design, LitePad can be used in locations where larger conven-

tional luminaries simply cannot fit.Courtesy: Rosco

CSE1204_FLIGHT_V5msFINAL.indd 28 4/3/12 3:55 PM


energy efficiency available for the light-ing designer. However, only if all the most energy-efficient technologies best suited to the particular application are known and used, can affordable, sustainable sophis-ticated illumination be created within the increasing energy conservation regula-tions. The best practice: Keep the design of task and atmospheric lighting as simple as possible.

Advances in lightingEvery day, there are many revolutionary

developments in lighting. Light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are one. Semiconductor LEDs are solid state lighting (SSL) and, like glass fiber optics (GFO) functional architectural lighting, based on total inter-nal reflection, they differ completely from conventional incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, and metal halide lamps.

LEDs are no longer an evolving topic but are now becoming mainstream for commercial or retail use, such as colleges/universities, data centers, laboratories and research facilities, high-rise multipurpose buildings, offices, hospitals, hospitality, recreation, factory/storage facilities, the-aters/assembly, museums, water features, landscapes, libraries, retail stores, and other nonresidential facilities.

Illumination with LEDs could be func-tional (task, display, ambient, architectural features) or decorative. It may be interior or exterior, directional (spotlight), or ambient (general); automated or manu-ally operated; wireless or wired; individu-ally or centrally controlled with adjacent systems; or have special effects of color, motion, and dimming. Existing lighting fixtures may be retrofitted or historic light levels and colors recreated.

Sustainability is based on each compo-nent’s life expectancy, not just that of the chip. Binning (assembly of chips) deter-mines distance of light thrown, resolution, and angle of visibility.

Color temperature of light is crucial. Higher Kelvin temperatures (4,100 K) allow older eyes to see better with less energy consumed. The color temperature selected depends upon the décor, with lower Kelvin degrees (2,700 K) to enhance

warm colors (red/yellow/orange), and higher ones for cool colors (blue/green, etc.). A new Color Rendering Index (CRI) from the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST, part of the U.S. Department of Commerce) is based on vibrant rather than pastel colors.

With LEDs, the metric sought is lumens (visible light output) rather than wattage (energy consumed). Lighting designers also should learn the light distribution, color quality and appearance, and shape and size of the bulb if retrofitting into an existing socket, as well as electrical com-patibility with an existing system (trans-former, dimmer, and connected load).

Where to startInitially, a realistic lighting budget must

be created so it will not be halved later, emasculating an originally good plan. Every area should have at least two light levels, to provide contrast and direction. “Value engineering” should not cheapen the design beyond expected usability. If specs are so reduced, the whole activity is a waste of effort and money. Better to do it right, in phases, when funds are available.

To create clear, precise specifications, there is a learning curve to understand LED equivalency compared to conventional sys-tems. Some of the LED differences from conventional lighting systems are:

n Standards for comparison with con-ventional products are still not complete.

n Price is high, but will decrease with increased quantities marketed.

n Sustainability and dependability: Although very energy-efficient, current LEDs could lose 30% of light level in only 25,000 hours (five years). Then this most expensive lighting may have to be replaced, making it less sustainable for permanent functional architectural uses. As an example, substitution with LED T8s has a proposed payback of two years, but today’s stock-assembled components may only last for five years before light levels decrease below 70%, leaving a relatively short life, after which the illumination no longer performs as designed.

n Smartest product decisions are made not on just the initial cost of the equip-ment alone, but on the total estimate for design, installation, interfaces, controls, programming, maintenance, operation, and final disposal of the system for the first five years of the source/system. This actual payback time is the deciding factor.

n The SSL lifecycle length is based on the durability of all the LED components and how they are put together, not just the chips. The cheapest LEDs won’t perform adequately because of this great dispar-ity in quality of LEDs. You get what you pay for.

n Binning is based on required resolution, distance of thrown light, and viewing angles.

n Unless specifically designed, all light-ing is vulnerable to temperature, vibration, electromagnetic interference, moisture, and voltage drops. Some, like compact fluorescents lights (CFLs), cannot be

Restaurants benefit from various LED lights, as seen in this McDonald’s. Courtesy: Cree



repeatedly turned on and off, or have to be burned in a certain position.

n Additional energy may be needed with present LEDs to dissipate the exces-sive heat from the driver (ballast). Newer methods of disposing of heat produced by light could extend the designed LED light levels for much longer periods than now anticipated.

n Extra air conditioning may be requiredn In retrofitting existing lighting fix-

tures with LEDs, there may not be suf-ficient space for dissipating heat.

n Some LEDs, like halogen, are too glaring,

n All LEDs may not be dimmable, and some marked dimmable are not dimmable, even with the right controller.

n Flicker in dimming could be annoy-ing or even physically sickening to some.

n Some present LED light levels are still not high enough for some applications.

n Is there sufficient color selection?Replacement of individual chips could

be noticeable among older ones.n Some current white LEDs may change

color unexpectedly.n Low-voltage LEDs require proper

ballasts for fluorescent replacements.n Compatible interfaces and controls

must be included.n With the speed of research and devel-

opment, some present LEDs may be obso-lete before installed.

The trick is to make the lighting an asset for the client. Thus, a combination of psychiatrist, technician, and imaginer has to discover the client’s lighting goals and evaluate capabilities of resources to achieve them. There must be awareness of the possibilities afforded, while remain-ing open-minded to avoid shoehorning the same old signature modus operandi into every job. The lighting designer/speci-fier is the customer’s representative, and should think “we,” not “me.”

Are LED replacement lamps and bal-lasts merely being put into existing fix-tures, or is a whole new lighting system needed? Today’s LEDs need conversion from ac to dc. Their design may have to include programming, in which case full lighting and electrical services rather than just ordering bulb/lamps and ballasts are needed. Controls are now more than just on/off. Thus, LEDs are not a do-it-yourself job. The more complicated the design, the more experienced the designer has to be.

Whether it is upgrading existing venues or installing anew, the lighting specifier has to know where to search for intersti-tial spaces in walls, ceilings, floors, land-scapes, or even furniture within which to conceal lighting hardware and controls.

Appropriate decorative fixtures, color, and light levels for the décor have to be chosen. It is amazing how few educated people know what professional lighting designers are, or do, or their value to the building industry.

Sometimes the client, dazzled by fanci-ful but misleading advertising, insists on a particular product or method that may not be the best lighting solution for that project. Diplomatic attempts should be made to dissuade such unwise choices. Likewise, aggressive energy conservation without an equal increase in productivity will inevitably fail. People always find ways to circumvent unwanted or imprac-tical restrictions.

Before starting any lighting design specs, there are preliminary steps. Resourc-es should be consulted such as the Nation-al Electrical Code (NEC); International Assn. of Electrical Inspectors (IAEI); National Fire Protection Assn. (NFPA); UL; Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA); International Assn. of Lighting Designers (IALD); New York’s State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO); National Park Service; Internal Revenue Service (IRS); National Electri-cal Contractors Assn. (NECA) and non-union groups; Lighting Controls Assn. (LCC); International Energy Conservation Code (IECC); U.S. Green Building Coun-cil; Green Globes; Americans with Dis-abilities Act (ADA); Building Owners and Managers Assn. International (BOMA); U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE); International Building Code (IBC); and federal, state, and local requirements. In certain geo-graphical areas, seismic, wind, or water issues should be considered. Compare detailed photometric performance data using LM-79 and LM-80 for equivalency between conventional sources and new-est technologies. Additional research may have to be made.

Always seek third-party objective sources for information on and compari-son of LED directionality, efficacy, and other properties. Check groups like the DOE’s CALiPER program, Energy Star, and LED Lighting Facts for independent

Lighting types directly affect humans’ perception of color. These LEDs are shown in a commercial retail store, installed in troffers. Courtesy: Cree

Lighting is the easiest discipline with which to conserve energy and reduce CO2 emissions.


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testing, and investigate commissioning authorities’ experience on performance. Don’t forget to question previous users.

Caveat: There are many makers of LEDs, some better than others in bright-ness, binning, rendering color, lamp life, heat dissipation, scalability/interchange-ability, dimming, and durability. Much higher priced than incandescent bulbs, not all LEDs provide the same quality and dependability. Look for good manufactur-ing methods, warranty, and expected life.

In every case, to keep safety and dependability uppermost, existing elec-tric power and service initially should be checked for capacity and condition. Pro-visions for near-future (within five years) anticipated additions should be included in design to save further labor and cost later. Savvy owners have an energy audit of the entire building/complex to see where savings can be made, even if it is done in phases.

To decide if LEDs are the best deci-sion for the usage, ask such practical questions as:

� Are they affordable for the available budget?

� Do they provide adequate perfor-

mance for the specific lighting task: color, light level, special effects?

� Is there sufficient space for heat dis-sipation in retrofitting?

� Are they convenient for occupants to operate, control, and maintain?

� Will they be sustainable for the expected length of time needed?

� Can interchangeable components from varying makers be used?

� Are there interfaces and controls com-patible with LEDs?

� Can sufficient energy be stored effec-tively for emergency operation?

� Are they attractive to enhance both architectural design and contents?

� What is the length of their warranty?

Keeping it all togetherAfter understanding the client’s “lighting

wish list” and deciding that LEDs are the best choice for the particular project, a design is created, specs written, walk-throughs taken, and bids made and con-tracted out. Before hitting the first nail, specs should call for an initial meeting with the entire construction team to make everyone—from owner/developer and architect to first-year apprentice—aware

of the goals of the project and how to achieve them. This is the time to begin discussing any expected problems, get-ting everyone’s suggestions for flexible solutions.

It goes without saying that the three C’s of construction—communication, coordi-nation, and cooperation—have to be pres-ent for a successful outcome. Specifica-tions for each job should be unique for its LED lighting requirements. Establish priorities in scheduling work to avoid duplication of effort. There has to be a central authority in charge of the whole operation to monitor schedules, reject unauthorized substitutions, and expedite necessary change orders.

Every company involved should have the latest drawings so no one arrives on the job and finds the construction changed without notice. For example, if air condi-tioning ducts are now where lighting was originally shown, unexpected expensive change orders will occur.

Specs should call for a neat, workman-like installation with adequate protection for existing features. To avoid accidents and lawsuits, good housekeeping prac-tices should be written in the specs. Spell

Here is a partial checklist for designing and specifying LEDs:

� Suitable applications for LEDs?� Warranties?� Indoor or outdoor use?� Total system price and payback time?� Efficacy?� Directionality?� Transition from ac to dc?� Voltage: high or low?� Range of dimming ability?� Dimming without color shift? � Lamp life?� Light levels? Some specifiers slightly over-

design and initially under-run to extend lamp life. � Relative price compared to expected length

of service?� Flicker?� Uniform light distribution?� Noise?

� Range of colors and dependable white?� Physical effects of lighting on certain people?� Photometrics compared to conventional

luminaires?� Suitable “open” controls (fully functional

interoperability between devices of different manufacturers)?

Programs like ZigBee may not yet be suit-able for large installations.

� Binning?� Unintentional color shift and stability?� Color rendition? � Replacement issues for individual failed

chips?� Heat dissipation for the driver?� Effects of voltage change, harmonic and

electromagnetic interference?� Selecting of compatible interfaces and

controls?� Adequate space for retrofitting LEDs into

existing fixtures?� Possible additional air conditioning loads

required?� Moisture?� Vibration?� Temperature of the surrounding environ-

ment?� Affected by adjacent lighting/HVAC/life

safety systems?� Architectural impediments for lighting opera-

tion?� Appropriate resolution (high or low) for the

application?� Provisions for emergency lighting?� Special conditions like seismic areas or

wind? � Combining several lighting products and

techniques for exceptional effects?� Is there LM-79 and LM-80 performance

data?

Lighting designer’s checklist

The best practice: Keep the design of task and atmospheric lightingas simple as possible.


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out detailed installation instructions in the documents instead of merely copy-ing stock boilerplate clauses. Combining theatrical with architectural lighting tech-niques often adds special, unique lighting effects. Similar to that for HVAC, com-missioning for major commercial lighting schemes is a factor.

Specialists should be on hand to repair penetrations in existing decorative features made for the lighting. The entire project should be treated holistically, not by each trade/discipline separately. Full integration of the lighting system within a building means daily supervision to ensure that the intention of the lighting is carried out cor-rectly. If individual plans and specs are not created for each commission, and the same old stock lighting that ignores the client’s ongoing economic welfare is proposed, it will only waste money and create great customer dissatisfaction.

Of course, the project is not complete

until a scheduled maintenance program is in place and occupants are taught correct operating instructions.

Lighting by building typeIt is assumed that the reader is familiar

with accepted lighting techniques used with conventional lighting equipment. Working with LEDs is just another light-ing job employing those same methods, but adjusted for SSL. Those techniques won’t be repeated here because they can be found in IESNA publications and many other sources. Here are some directional and ambient details to be addressed with all types of lighting, including LEDs:

Offices: Some offices have artwork or collections displayed museum-style. Such items are treated just like museum exhib-its. The caveat: Over-exuberant energy conservation without an increase in pro-ductivity will ultimately fail. If the office staff has to wear miners’ caps to see, they

won’t be profitable. The back of cubicle desks is not where the light is needed. Who can find correct files in dim lighting?

Private offices, cubicles, large open spaces, food service areas, restrooms, storage, or corridors may each use differ-ent types of lighting. However, adequate light levels and controls for the particular purpose must be provided, even for main-tenance. Individual controls pertaining to the task are needed. Otherwise, people will always find ways to circumvent unwanted or impractical lighting.

Institutional: Museums and libraries have an added requirement of protect-ing fugitive organic materials (anything that once grew, like wood, paper, textiles, leather, ivory, lacquer, feathers) from pro-longed exposure to harmful IR and UV rays emitted by all light, natural and arti-ficial. Both LEDs and GFO delay dam-age from IR and UV. They may be used together or separately.

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Theaters/assembly areas: Theatrical critics often mention the lighting, both on stage and in the front-of-house. It is part of the ambiance. Poor lighting could diminish the efforts of the performers or the enjoyment of the building. Sports sta-dium lighting is a whole new ballgame. LED outdoor displays replicate fireworks and other special effects. Be sure that any lights that will be used outdoors (and all connections) are made for outdoor use, because indoor versions will be ruined by the elements.

Poorly designed LED fixtures will cause glare; don’t use them. Eliminate glare also when retrofitting LEDs into existing fix-tures. Moreover, be sure there is room to dissipate heat.

Medical: Hospitals and nursing homes deserve a whole article of their own. Patients often have to deal with hot, hard-to-reach bedside reading light, and many hospitals have glaring spots in examining rooms, and dreary hallway and cafeteria illumination. MRI and operating rooms require special lighting including explo-sion- and shock-proof equipment not affected by electromagnetic interference, voltage surges, harmonics, or other such problems. Adequate energy storage for emergency generation is vital.

Retail: Retail merchandising should attract customers with well-lit displays in a comfortable environment that directs traf-fic easily, points out special features, and represents correct colors. The smart store offers more than expected to make shop-ping easier and more convenient. Just step-ping over a shop’s threshold indicates the quality of merchandise. A jumbled mass of goods badly lit screams low quality.

During renovation, every effort should be made to keep the store open. Hot coun-ters, glaring, bad color, misfocused, or too dim lighting chases prospective cli-ents away. Every kind of lighting, from electronic signage and e-commerce kiosks to theatrical special effects, could be employed to keep the client in the build-ing and attentive to the goods.

Hospitality/food service: “Cooking” restaurant patrons like the food under

hot lighting is as bad as plunging them in darkness so they can’t see the menu, the food, or their companions. Keeping them in the dark is not “intimate”; it is simply bad lighting. How many people have to hang over the side of the hotel bed to read by the distant light on the nightstand? Who has found they can’t see to shave or apply makeup in a poorly lit hotel or restaurant

bathroom? Is it difficult to read room numbers in the low yellowish light in the hospitality’s hallway?

Because the same lighting techniques used with traditional products have to be tailored to the different characteristics of the SSL, there has to be design innova-tion such as noticing how viewers perceive lighting, associating dissimilar factors that might possibly work together, constant questioning, observing surroundings to note how good and bad SSL lighting con-serves energy and diminishes CO2 emis-sions, and making mock-ups in labs or on-site, like Thomas Edison did to find ideas that have practical use. Lighting, similar to music, should have rhythm and contrast: fast and slow, loud and soft.

For large projects, consider integrated operation of lighting with other disci-plines, now that sensors and connectivity are no longer one-way isolated procedures. They now communicate uses centrally, and interact with adjoining systems and the Internet. Advanced controls connected to the BAS can predict failures in a timely

manner to avoid costly shutdowns. There-fore, lighting controls cannot be carelessly hidden behind pillars or other architectural features so that they cannot operate prop-erly. Wireless controls are eminently suit-ed for existing structures, saving labor and material, but make sure that frequencies are not disrupted by outside interference.

Looking forwardAn even more exciting version of LEDs

is organic LEDs, or OLEDs. For more than a decade, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and forward-thinking companies here and abroad have been developing this technol-ogy. It could very well change lighting and architectural design drastically. Bendable OLEDs are sheets of very thin carbon-based polymer sandwiched with electric current. The process is known epitaxy. Properties include energy efficiency, fast response, wide view angles, exceptional color reproduction, outstanding contrast levels, and high brightness.

Manufactured roll-to-roll, similar to newspaper printing, OLEDs will be much cheaper to produce than automobile-like assembling of LEDs with many compo-nents from various sources. OLEDs can be inserted into windows to be either transparent or translucent with changing color. Interior designers could use them in straight or curved surfaces or as wallpaper. Emergency crews could have safety cloth-ing that is lit with OLEDs. Indeed, appli-cations are limited only by the designer’s imagination. One of the biggest drawbacks so far is the life of the battery or other movable power source. Latest lithium-ion batteries use 1/10 the energy and last 10 times as long as previously.

With the rapid developments in light-ing technology, as soon as the designer gets used to LEDs, there will probably be an even newer technique to learn, so stay tuned.

Kay is president and founder of Conserva-tion Lighting International and Building Conservation International. She is a mem-ber of the Consulting-Specifying Engineer editorial advisory board.

Lighting, similar to music, should have rhythm and contrast:fast and slow, loud and soft.

The 20-ft OLED globe “Geo Cosmos” panels are shown close-up. The globe was installed in a museum. Courtesy: Mitsubishi

The 20-ft OLED globe “Geo Cosmos”


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The 2012 International Building Code (IBC) allows the option of applying various design approach-

es to a mixed occupancy building. The strategy can drive the requirements for the fire-resistance of assemblies. For a mixed occupancy building, the options identified in 2012 IBC Section 508: Mixed use and occupancy, include:

n Accessory occupanciesn Separated occupanciesn Nonseparated occupancies.

Accessory occupanciesThe intent of the accessory occupancy

provisions recognizes that buildings often have rooms or spaces different from but accessory to the main occupancy. When such areas are limited in size, they do not represent a significantly different hazard or risk as compared to that of the main occupancy. As such, the code allows the accessory occupancy to be nonseparated from the main occupancy and does not require the accessory occupancy to be

The code application options for mixed occupancy buildings, when applied strategically, can minimize the amount of fire-resistance-rated construction required by code.

By John Mahoney, Pe, LeeD aP, Arup, Washington, D.C.

Code strategies for mixed occupancy buildings

The Revel Entertainment Hotel Casino Resort in Atlantic City, N.J., is a 55-story building with various occupancies, including dining, retail, assembly, and entertainment spaces. Courtesy: Arup

CSE1204_FFIRE_V5msFINAL.indd 36 4/3/12 3:57 PM


included in allowable area determination for building construction type.

The accessory occupancy provisions require that the space be accessory or ancillary to the main occupancy and that it does not exceed 10% of the area of the

story in which it is located. The acces-sory occupancy is also not permitted to exceed the tabular values in the 2012 IBC Table 503: Allowable heights and build-ing areas, without increases such as those for sprinkler protection to the tabular

values. The space is individually classi-fied in accordance with Chapter 3: Use and occupancy classification. For most occupancy classifications, no separation is required between the main occupancy and accessory occupancy. High-hazard

Example 1: Type II-B analysis� Group B office building with Group A-3 spaces on every story � Three stories � 30,000 sq ft per floor � Fully sprinklered � Side yards of at least 30 ft provided on all sides of the building � Typical floors � Group B area: 28,000 sq ft on each floor � Group A-3 area: 2,000 sq ft on each floor

Accessory Nonseparated

Number of stories (IBC 504) Number of stories (IBC 504)

Group A-3� Tabular allowable number of stories: 2� Sprinkler increase: 0 (not applicable to accessory)� Allowable number of stories: 2� Actual number of stories: 3

Actual exceeds allowable. Type II-B construction is not permitted with the accessory occupancy approach per IBC 508.2.3.

The construction type must be increased to at least Type II-A for an accessory approach.

Group A-3� Tabular allowable number of stories: 2� Sprinkler increase: 1� Allowable number of stories: 3� Actual number of stories: 3

Actual does not exceed allowable, Type II-B allowed by code.

Group B� Tabular allowable number of stories: 3� Sprinkler increase: 1� Allowable number of stories: 4� Actual number of stories: 3

Actual is within allowable.

Allowable area (IBC 503) Allowable area (IBC 503)

Group B, Type II-B (23,000 sq ft)

Automatic sprinkler system increase (Is)Is = 2

Frontage increase (If )If = [ F / P – 0.25 ] W / 30

If = [1 – 0.25] 30 / 30

If = 0.75

Maximum permitted area per story (Aa)Aa = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ]

Aa = 23,000 sq ft + [23,000 sq ft x 0.75] + [23,000 sq ft x 2]

Aa = 86,250 sq ft

Actual area per story: 30,000 sq ftActual does not exceed allowable, Type II-B allowed

by code.

Result: Type II-B not allowed due to Group A-3 space on third story. Construction type must minimally be Type II-A.

Group A-3, Type II-B (9,500 sq ft)

Automatic sprinkler system increase (Is)Is = 2

Frontage increase (If)If = [ F / P – 0.25 ] W / 30

If = [1 – 0.25] 30 / 30

If = 0.75

Maximum permitted area per story (Aa)Aa = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ]

Aa = 9,500 sq ft + [9,500 sq ft x 0.75] + [9,500 sq ft x 2]

Aa = 35,625 sq ft

Actual area per story: 30,000 sq ftActual does not exceed allowable, Type II-B allowed

by code.

Result: Type II-B allowed.

Note: Calculations for nonseparated Group B are not shown as the tabular values for Group A-3 are more restrictive than the Group B values. The nonseparated occupancies approach requires compliance based on the most restrictive allowances for the occupancy groups involved.

In this example, the nonseparated approach allows the building to be of Type II-B construction. The accessory approach does not allow Type II-B and would require the construction type to minimally be Type II-A. The allowable height requirements of the accessory occupancy are only applied to the accessory occupancy, not the entire building. As such, the accessory provisions allow the Group A-3 spaces on the first or second stories, but not the third story. The nonseparated approach is advantageous as it would allow the Group A-3 spaces on the third story with unprotected construction. Courtesy: Arup



occupancy classification Groups H-2, H-3, H-4, and H-5 are exempt from the separation allowance and must comply with the separation requirements for sep-arated occupancies. Consider an office building with an accessory storage area. The storage area is classified as a Group S occupancy but is not required to be sep-arated from the main Group B occupancy when applying the accessory occupancy provisions.

The accessory occupancy does not need to be accounted for in construction type determination and related height/area determination for a building. The allow-able building area and allowable building height are permitted to be based solely

on the main occupancy classification(s). The accessory occupancy must comply with the tabular values of Table 503 for such occupancies, but it does not need to be accounted for as a separate occu-pancy when determining the minimum type of construction and limits on height and area.

For an office building with a storage area, the Group S classification would not be included for the purpose of deter-mining the minimum required type of construction and the maximum permit-ted allowable area/height of the build-ing. The construction type and height/area can be based solely on the Group B classification. Even though the build-

ing allowable height and area are not impacted, the accessory storage occu-pancy must be located in the building to meet the allowable area and height provisions for a storage occupancy for the type of construction. As an example, a business occupancy of Type II-B con-struction would not be allowed to have an accessory Group S-1 storage area on the fourth story because storage occupancies of Type II-B construction are only permit-ted up to three stories in height.

Nonseparated occupanciesThe nonseparated occupancy provi-

sions allow multiple occupancies with-out a physical separation between them. Occupancies are individually classified in accordance with IBC Chapter 3 but are not subject to the 10% area limit applicable to accessory occupancies. The requirements of the code are based on the occupancy classification of the space, except that the most restrictive requirements of Chapter 9: Fire protec-tion systems, are applied to the total nonseparated occupancy fire area. If the building is a high-rise, the most restric-tive requirements of the high-rise provi-sions also apply throughout the building.

Area limits, height limits, and con-struction type requirements are based on the most restrictive occupancy groups involved. For an office building with a storage area, the construction type and limits for height/area can be based solely on the Group S values in the code. Essen-tially this means that the construction type would be determined as if the entire building were a Group S occupancy.

The accessory and nonseparated pro-visions can be advantageous to avoid requirements for fire-resistance ratings between occupancies. In some instances, however, consequences may outweigh the advantages. For example, a nonseparated strategy could result in a need for a great-er type of construction when compared to a separated occupancy or accessory occupancy approach. This would occur if the size of a nonseparated occupancy fire area exceeded the tabular values for area/

The nonseparated occupancy provisions allow multiple occupancies without a physical separation between them.

The Yang and Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building at Stanford University in Palo Alto, Calif., is a 166,000 sq ft facility with occupancy spaces for classrooms, laboratories, offices, and storage. Courtesy: Arup


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Area limits, height limits, and construction type requirements are based on the most restrictive occupancy groups involved.

Example 2: Type II-B analysis� Group S-1 and Group S-2 occupancies � Two stories � 80,000 sq ft per floor � Fully sprinklered � Side yards of at least 30 ft provided on all sides of the building � Typical floors � Group S-1 area: 30,000 sq ft on each floor

� Group S-2 area: 50,000 sq ft on each floor

Separated Nonseparated

Number of stories (IBC 504) Number of stories (IBC 504)

Group S-1� Tabular allowable number of stories: 2� Sprinkler increase: 1� Allowable number of stories: 3� Actual number of stories: 2

Actual does not exceed allowable. Type II-B construction allowed.


Actual does not exceed allowable, Type II-B construction allowed.


Actual does not exceed allowable. Type II-B construction allowed.

Allowable area (IBC 503) Allowable area (IBC 503)

Group S-1, Type II-B (17,500 sq ft) & Group S-2, Type II-B (26,000 sq ft)

Automatic Sprinkler System Increase (Is )Is = 2

Frontage Increase (If )If = [ F / P – 0.25 ] W / 30

If = [1 – 0.25] 30 / 30

If = 0.75

Maximum permitted area per story (Aa)Aa, S-1 = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ]

Aa, S-1 = 17,500 sq ft+ [17,500 sq ft x 0.75] + [17,500 sq ft x 2]

Aa, S-1 = 65,625 sq ft

Aa, S-2 = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ]

Aa, S-2 = 26,000 sq ft + [26,000 sq ft x 0.75] + [26,000 sq ft x 2]

Aa, S-2 = 97,500 sq ft

Area determination

[S-1 Actual / Aa, S-1 ] + [S-2 Actual / Aa, S-2 ]

[30,000 sq ft / 65,625 sq ft] + [50,000 sq ft / 97,500 sq ft] = 0.97

Sum of ratios does not exceed 1. Type II-B allowed. (IBC 508.4.2)

Result: Type II-B construction allowed.

Group S-1, Type II-B (17,500 sq ft)

Automatic Sprinkler System Increase (Is )Is = 2

Frontage Increase (If )If = [ F / P – 0.25 ] W / 30

If = [1 – 0.25] 30 / 30

If = 0.75

Maximum permitted area per story (Aa )Aa = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ]

Aa = 17,500 sq ft+ [17,500 sq ft x 0.75] + [17,500 sq ft x 2]

Aa = 65,625 sq ft

Actual area per story: 80,000 sq ft

Actual exceeds allowable, Type II-B not allowed.

Result: Type II-B not allowed based on allowable area

calculation. Type of construction must minimally be Type II-A

for a nonseparated approach.

Note: Calculations for nonseparated Group S-2 are not shown as the tabular values for Group S-1 are more restrictive than the Group S-2 values. The nonseparated occupancies approach requires compliance based on the most restrictive allowances for the occupancy groups involved.

In this example, the separated approach allows Type II-B construction while the nonseparated approach minimally required Type II-A. It may be more desirable to use the separated approach and provide a one-hour separation between the Group S-1 and S-2 occupancies as compared to comply with Type II-A requirements for the nonseparated approach. Courtesy: Arup


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height (with appropriate increases) for a type of construction that would otherwise be permitted when determined using a separated or accessory approach.

If the most restrictive occupancy in a nonseparated occupancy fire area exceeds 10% of the floor area, or it is not acces-sory to the main occupancy, the accessory provisions are not a viable option. In such cases the engineer has the option of using the nonseparated occupancies provisions or using the separated occupancy provi-sions with fire-resistance-rated separa-tions as required between occupancies. The minimum type of construction required to for each strategy may differ.

Separated occupanciesThe separated occupancy provisions

require physical separation by fire barrier walls and/or horizontal assemblies with a fire-resistance rating between occupan-cies. Occupancies are located in separate fire areas, and each fire area is required to comply with the code based on the occu-pancy classification of that portion of the building. The engineer has the option applying any of the options available for mixed occupancies to a given fire area.

Construction type requirements are based on the height of each fire area and the sum of ratios of the actual area divided by the allowable area for each separated occupancy. Area limits require the sum of the ratios to not exceed one. Additionally, for separated occupancy buildings with more than three stories above grade plane, the aggregate sum of the ratios for each story is not permitted to exceed three.

When applying code provisions to a fire area that utilizes the separated occu-pancies approach, each fire area is con-sidered separately. The provisions of the code are applied only to that specific fire area unless the code indicates otherwise. The concept to apply the code to each fire area separately is a significant differ-ence from the nonseparated occupancies provisions. The nonseparated occupan-cies provisions require the most restric-tive provisions of the high-rise and fire

protection systems requirements to apply throughout the nonseparated areas.

If a nonseparated occupancy fire area is of a size that would require a greater type of construction when compared to a sepa-rated occupancy approach, the separated

occupancy approach may often be more desirable. That is, it may be more desir-able to provide fire-resistance rated sepa-rations between occupancies than provide fire-resistance ratings for the structural frame, floors, and roof of the building.



FFIRE.indd 41 4/4/2012 3:35:56 PM

A comprehensive review should always be performed when selecting a code strategy.


Incidental usesIncidental use areas are spaces with

ancillary functions associated with a given occupancy that generally pose a greater level of risk compared to the main occu-pancy group classification in which it is located. These types of spaces require protection features, such as physical sepa-ration, which are intended to address the higher relative fire hazard of these areas.

Prior to the 2012 edition of the IBC, the incidental use provisions could be strategi-cally applied at the option of the engineer. The engineer had the option of applying the incidental use provisions or applying the separated or nonseparated occupancies provisions of the code. In the 2012 IBC, the incidental use provisions were moved to Section 509: Incidental uses, through which the incidental use requirements apply regardless of the code strategy for mixed occupancies. Therefore, application of the incidental use provisions is no lon-

ger optional in the 2012 IBC. However, some of the rooms or areas that were his-torically identified as incidental uses have been revised in recent editions of the code. For example, prior to the 2009 IBC, stor-age rooms greater than 100 sq ft in area had been included in the incidental use provisions of the code. With the 2009 and 2012 editions, storage rooms are no longer considered incidental uses.

These strategies can be used in com-bination with each other. For example, a building may contain multiple fire areas, and each fire area can utilize a different strategy for a mixed occupancy building. Some fire areas within a building may uti-lize the accessory provisions, while other fire areas in the same building can utilize a different strategy to achieve a particular goal or to optimize the design.

A comprehensive review should always be performed when selecting a code strate-gy. In conducting a comprehensive review,

the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are identified and used as the basis for selecting the desired approach. Regardless of the strategy used, it should be documented and included in the build-ing permit application submittal. It should also be kept on file by the building owner or manager. The original code application strategy when a building is permitted is a fundamental piece of information that is critical to evaluating future changes and alterations to that building. If an alteration project is not coordinated with the original code application concepts, it could com-promise the original approach and create compliance issues.

Mahoney is an associate in Arup’s Wash-ington, D.C., office. He has extensive experience in applying the fire protection and life safety aspects of the codes and standards to various building types and occupancies.

The International Commerce Centre in Hong Kong contains a world-class hotel, office spaces, and retail spaces within its 118-story tower. Courtesy: Arup


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45Consulting-Specifying Engineer • APRIL 2012

CSE1204_POY_V10msFINAL.indd 45 4/3/12 4:01 PM

40 Under 40: The Consulting-Specifying Engineer 40 Under 40 program was born out of Consulting-Specifying Engineer’s ongoing mission to foster mentoring in the engineering industry. 40 of the most talented young engineers supporting the building community are nominated by their mentors and honored throughout the year in print, online, and in person.

Product of the Year: 2011 marks the 7th year that Consulting-Specifying Engineer holds the annual Product of the Year (POY) contest. It is the premier award for new products in the HVAC, fi re, electrical, and plumbing systems engineering markets. Look for the POY winners in the September 2011 issue.

Giants: The MEP Giants contest features the top MEP fi rms, listed by total MEP design revenue. The MEP Giants list is one of the most popular portions of Consulting-Specifying Engineer’s Web site. For 31 years, the MEP Giants list is used by many engineering fi rms to track their growth and prominence within the MEP Engineering industry. Look for the full MEP Giants specialfeature and poster with the August 2011 issue.

Webcasts: Need some CEUs? Look no further than www.csemag.com/webcast.Topics covering every vertical—critical power, lighting, emergency, HVAC, codes and standards, LEED—give engineers a great opportunity to learn about the latest industry practice while getting CEU credits for no charge.

eNewsletters: The wide array of eNewsletters gives engineers a way to stay on top of the latest news in a convenient and easy-to-read electronic format. Sign up for NewsWatch; Business of Engineering Management Report; Fire, Security, Life-Safety; Electrical; HVAC; Pure Power; Product Showcase; Green Scene, and Codes & Standards.

www.csemag.com: CSEmag.com is one of the highest-rated industry websites with industry news updated throughout the day, a top-notch search engine that segments results by category, and thousands of archived articles. You’ll also fi nd Webcasts, videos, white papers, case studies, and eNewsletters—an all-around go-to site to gather information and fi nd solutions.

Subscribe today at

www.csemag.com

Supporting engineers In-Personand offering High-Value Content Online and In-Print

cse201105_inPrntOnline.indd 1 5/10/2011 3:21:41 PMCSE2012004_046.indd 46 4/4/2012 3:38:50 PM

Consulting-Specifying Engineer • APRIL 2012 47

Another year of innovation

and technological advance-

ment has led up to the eighth

annual Product of the Year awards. This

year, companies submitted their new and

improved products to be judged for this

distinguished honor. Here, we have listed

the finalists in each of the nine categories.

It is now up to Consulting-Specifying Engi-

neer readers to determine which products

will stand out from the crowd and win gold,

silver, and bronze.

Go to www.csemag.com/votepoy and

vote for the products you feel are best in

their categories. Then cast a separate vote

for the Most Valuable Product of 2012 for

the overall winner. The results will appear

in September 2012 in print and online.

www.csemag.com/votepoy

BY EMMA RENEE DUTTONContent Specialist

Vote for this year’s

best productsWho will win gold in 2012? Consulting-Specifying Engineer

announces the finalists for this year’s eighth annual Product of

the Year competition, and our readers will have the final word.

Cast your votes online at www.csemag.com/votepoy.

� Electrical distribution 48

� Emergency, on-site, standby power 53

� Equipment-level sensors and controls 54

� Fire, life safety, mass notification 55

� HVAC/R 57

� Lighting 62

� Plumbing and water management 65

� Software: design, modeling, analysis 67

� Test instruments, meters, data loggers 68


Electrical distribution


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Remote switch actuator toolCBS ArcSafe developed this remote switch actuator tool for RSA-180 Masterpact NT circuit breakers. This allows service personnel to safely charge, close, and trip their PowerBreak II switchgear while standing 30 to 150 ft outside the arc flash hazard boundary in accordance with the NFPA-70E and CSA Z462 Guidelines for Arc Flash Safety.www.CBSArcSafe.com

Remote racking system CBS ArcSafe developed this RRS-3MBII remote racking system single application tool for GE Magne Blast circuit breakers of all elevating motor voltages and control circuit layouts. This console allows service personnel to remove and install their Magne Blast Switchgear while standing 30 to 150 ft outside the arc flash hazard boundary, reducing the need for a full-body arc flash hazard suit. Operating on standard 120 Vac wall power, the console includes a current monitor for comparing and quantifying racking mechanism conditions, radio remote for cordless operation up to 100 ft, and pushbutton controls. No software programming or cubicle or switch-gear modification is necessary.www.CBSArcSafe.com

Self-adjusting pre-fab ringThis Rapid Ring self-adjusting pre-fab ring designed by Cooper B-Line al-lows for tool-free installation in as little as 15 secs, available for 1- to 4-gang SKUs. Installation of the system includes four steps: removing the protective plate, connecting the wiring device, positioning the device assembly, and then pushing it into place. Manufactured in the United States by union-made assemblies, the pre-fab ring is self-adjusting to fit finished wall depths of 0.5 to 2 in. and various types of tile. It features a quick-release protective plate with a raised surface for routing, and it fits most standard boxes and brackets.www.BLineRapidRing.com

Remote switchactuator toolCBS ArcSafe developed this remote switch actuator tool for GE RSA-76 Power Break II circuit breakers. This allows

service personnel to safely charge, close, and trip their PowerBreak II switchgear while

standing 30 to 150 ft outside the arc flash hazard boundary

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Surge protectorCooper Bussmann’s surge protective devices provide power quality that is free from damaging surges and overvoltage conditions, with specific modules for photovoltaic, wind power, UL, low-voltage, and IEC applications. These surge protectors feature modular DIN-Rail design with color coding and a rejection feature for end-user ease of identification, installation, and maintenance. They also include easyID local visual indication of surge mod-ule status and optional remote contact signaling integration with monitoring systems. All modules feature an IP20 finger-safe design, and where applications require, certain devices are also vibration and shock resistant according to EN 60068-2 standards. www.CooperBussmann.com

Fusible coordination panelboardCooper Bussmann developed this Quik-Spec Coordination Panelboard, which offers flexible, fully fused configurations with options for 600, 800, and 1,200 A mains and branches from 1-600 A, all rated 200 kA SCCR at 600 Vac. It has a footprint up to 40% smaller than that of similar panelboards. The 600 to 1200 A main versions are available with MLO mains and offer a choice of 1-, 2-, and 3-pole branch disconnects capable of holding fuses from 1 to 600 A in a floor-mounted NEMA 1 enclosure. This panelboard features finger-safe CCPB discon-nect with a safety interlock feature that prevents the removal of an energized fuse with permanent lockout/tagout provisions. www.CooperBussmann.com

Modular mountable fuse holderThe Cooper Bussmann CH Series of modular finger-safe DIN-Rail mountable fuse hold-ers have a high SCCR rating up to 200 kA, available for elec-trical systems requiring class CC or midget fuse protection. With a captive, fully backed-out phil-slot screw and a 6 mm wire clamp lug, these modular fuse holders offer ganging of multiple poles and DIN rail mounting without the use of tools. They feature an open fuse indicator, a 4 mm lockout feature in the fuse carrier, and a version rated up to 1000 Vdc for use with solar PV fuses. The manufacturer provides a variety of comb bus bars and a monitoring accessory. www.CooperBussmann.com

Loadbreak connector systemThe Clēēr Loadbreak Connector system designed by Cooper Power Systems is a 600 A/15 kV single-phase rated loadbreak connector that offers a visible break and a visible ground without de-energizing, un-bolting 600 A terminations, or moving heavy cables. This system can be easily ret-

rofitted; offers a visible break when used for sectionalizing, splicing, or in-line; and features vacuum switchgear with visible, front panel circuit traceability. The loadbreak connector is fully submersible for use in both surface and subsurface installations. This design allows

for sectionalizing in tight spaces, while the adjustable bracket allows mounting at vari-ous angles for easy access, even from above ground for vault applications.www.CooperPower.com

Time delay fuseFUSETRON 250 V FRN-R and 600 V RFS-R energy-efficient, dual-element, time-delay fuses are manufactured by Cooper Buss-mann and allow for closer sizing to load with smaller fuse amp ratings than non-time-delay fuses on most motor and transformer primary applications. These fuses fit any class K5 or H fuse blocks and holders, and with a 2:1 se-lective coordination amp ration, they prevent overcurrent events from opening upstream fuses. Features include a 200 kA interrupting rating for protection against fault currents, and insulated end caps to reduce exposure to live parts and to extend air gap distance between blades of adjacent mounted fuses or to housing.www.CooperBussmann.com




USB wall chargerCooper Wiring Devices’ combination USB charger with tamper-resistant shutters supports any electronic product that is capable of being charged with a 5 V power adapter. An LED light indicates that the device is charging, and an automatic grounding system eliminates the need for a bonding jumper in the grounded metal enclosure. This product offers durability with injection-molded housing and PVC resin in five colors, as well as added cor-rosion resistance from a zinc-plated steel mounting strap. www.CooperWiringDevices.com

USB wall charger

Portable generation switchEaton expanded its heavy-duty double-throw safety switches to support 1200 A. Used to transfer service from a normal power source to an alternate source or to switch from one load circuit to another, this 1200 A DT switch is designed for fusible or nonfusible two-source switch configurations up to 1200 A for both commercial and industrial ap-plications. The device features two vertically oriented switches in one enclosure with three-position operation, preventing the two switches from being closed at the same time. Safety features include receptacle compartment safety interlocks, utility isolation without key interlocks, material selection, and a trap door system.www.Eaton.com

Automatic transfer switchEaton’s 400 A bypass contactor auto-matic transfer switch for critical standby power applications includes a field-selectable, multitap transformer panel, and it permits operation on a wide range of system voltages. This design offers isolated compartments with barriers and an ability to test power-switching elements during the drawout process. The 400 A transfer switch can be equipped with the ATC-300+ or ATC-800 controllers, and may be used to provide emergency power to life safety and other critical loads for maintenance of the main transfer switch without interruption of power to the load. www.Eaton.com

Automatic transfer switch

Energy meter panelboardEaton’s Pow-R-Line lighting panel-boards integrate the Eaton IQ35M meter to the panelboard, with a height similar to traditional lighting panels. This entire panelboard is metered with current transformers and wiring, and the factory wiring of the meter eliminates field installation. The IQ35M monitors voltage, current, power factor, and frequency, as well as real, reac-tive, and apparent power and energy. This device allows the user to verify energy bills, make informed load shifting and shedding decisions, allocate energy costs, and produce an energy profile. www.Eaton.com

Push-in connectorThe ArrowLink SPD push-in connectors manufactured by Cooper Wiring Devices utilize a simplified installation process and are designed to increase efficiencies. During the rough-in and trim-out phases, the connectors allow installers to terminate conductors, attach connec-tors, and mount the device in less time than traditional pigtail installations. These devices connect directly to the building wire, allowing for a reduction in wire volume inside the outlet box. They feature six color-coded terminal openings that provide feed-through capabilities, and a 6-in. #12 AWG ground lead with ring terminal and captive ground screw. www.CooperWiringDevices.com

Circuit breakerEntelliGuard R Retrofill from General Electric updates legacy circuit break-ers with minimal modification, and is compatible with shutters, second-ary and neutral disconnects, and position switches in existing breaker cubicles. This unit increases short circuit rating on AK25 and AKR30S while maintaining UL approval, with a single finger cluster design that generates less heat. The trip unit and all indicators are visible through the door, which is available pre-punched with or without holes for pilot lights and RELT switch for all stack widths. Features include the EntelliGuard TU Trip Unit for arc flash protection and selectivity, and field-installable accessories.www.GEIndustrial.com



Level 2 electric vehicle charging stationThe WattStation wall-mount electric vehicle charging station, manufactured by General Electric, delivers a full-cycle charge to a 24 kWh battery in 4 to 8 h. This charging station features ground fault protection, a backlit charging icon, and zero energy consumption when not in use. It can withstand outdoor conditions and can be hardwired or plugged into a NEMA 6-50 receptacle upon installation by a certified electrician or contractor. A mount-ing plate with heavy-duty screws and a key lock secure the WattStation in place, and GE provides a step-by-step installation video. Features include commerce and card reader capability, user authentication, metering, and open architecture network communications.www.GEIndustrial.com

Lighting panelboardSchneider Electric’s NF measurement and verification lighting panelboard is factory installed to monitor energy usage at the most granular branch circuit level and provide end-to-end power monitoring and control. The panelboard incorporates individual branch circuit power metering in one device, support-ing up to 84 monitoring points through board-mounted individual CTs. This panelboard’s capability can be used to verify sustainable energy conservation measures, provide data for establishing baseline performance studies, and alert users when energy parameters fall outside of an established norm. This device features main metering capability through optionally provided CTs as well as network communications. www.Schneider-Electric.us

Level 1 and level 2 electric vehicle charging stationsElectric vehicle chargers manufactured by Legrand for residential and light commercial applications are weatherproof

rated, have built-in ground fault protection, and are compatible with all plug-in electric vehicles. Choices in-clude the Level 1 15 A/120 V charger and the Level 2 20 A/240 V charger. This Level 1 portable charger can be taken on the road, and it plugs into a standard 15 or 20 A receptacle. Level 2 chargers are hardwired to a 20 A circuit, and they charge vehicles

in approximately 3 to 6 h. www.Legrand.us

Floor boxLegrand/Wiremold developed this Wiremold Evolution Series floor box that offers high capacity and multifunctional capability for power, communications, and audio/video. The same box can be installed in raised, carpet-covered concrete, terrazzo, polished concrete, and wood floors without additional parts or accessories. Boxes are available in 6-, 8-, and 10-gang configurations for standard, on-grade, and fire-classified applications. Knockout sizes range from ¾ to 2 in., and knockout plates can be removed for greater capacity. The cover of this floor box opens 180 deg and features an egress door system that locks into position when open and automatically closes around cables when closed. www.Legrand.us

Photovoltaic switched combinerThe Eaton switched combiner provides a single point to combine incoming photovoltaic strings and disconnect dc power close to PV modules, uniting Eaton’s 600 Vdc solar disconnect and source-combiner box in one enclosure. Fusible versions of this combiner allow isolation of the fuse when the switch is in the “off” position. The fuse holders are hard-bussed to the main disconnect, and the enclosure allows for mounting in vertical or horizontal orientations. Options include surge protection, current monitoring, and wire-less communication. This monitor measures dc current per channel, as well as total and average dc current.www.Eaton.com



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Pole extenderWiremold Tele-Power pole extenders are available in 5-ft sections that snap together to create a single standard pole or to extend the length of an exist-ing pole, allowing for on-site modifications. This extender slips securely onto the original pole and can be cut to length. The mounting system ensures that the finished pole is as strong and durable as a single unit. Legrand/Wiremold offers prewired and unwired Tele-Power pole extenders that can be combined in the field to make a single 10-ft pole. Factory-wired units come with two 20 A, 125 V duplex receptacles, mounting hardware, end plate, and ceiling trim. www.Legrand.us

Overflow racewayThe Wiremold OFR Series overfloor raceway system was designed by Legrand/Wiremold for permanent or temporary installations where ac-cess through floors and ceilings is not an option. This system provides four channels of capacity and access to a wide range of power, com-munications, and A/V connectivity. It attaches directly to floor coverings, including carpet, tile, and wood, with no need for removing or cutting ex-isting floor coverings. The textured black powder finish is paintable and resists scuffing and scratches. This overfloor raceway system includes transition fittings to feed from Wiremold DS4000, 4000, and 2400 Series wall-mounted raceways and from Vista Point5 Architectural Columns.www.Legrand.us

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Emergency, on-site, standby power

GeneratorThe generator manufactured by MTU Onsite Energy features the 8 V MTU Series 1600 engine for the 400 kW power node, with a displace-ment of approximately 1.75 liters per cylinder, high-pressure common rail fuel injection, and a compact exhaust silencer. This unit is standby-rated to a 24-hour average load factor of 85% with a varying load. Outlet boxes accommodate a digital voltage regulator and modular accessories, and the main circuit breaker can be mounted on either side of the control box. The generator can accept full load in one step and is available in output voltages of 208, 240, 380, 440, 480, or 600 V.www.MTU-Online.com

Hybrid energy storage systemVYCON’s Hybrid VDC XEB is an energy storage system that combines flywheel technology with batteries to provide 300 kW of power and ex-tended runtime. The flywheel handles power anomalies to reduce the frequency of battery cycles. Throughout its 20-year life, the flywheel charges and discharges at high rates without degradation or bearing damage, and up to five of these systems can be paralleled for higher power. The system includes an aerospace-grade steel flywheel hub, a high-speed permanent magnet motor generator, a contact-free mag-netic levitation system, a touchscreen display, and a monitoring system that integrates with various three-phase UPS makes and models. www.VyconEnergy.com

Backup power deviceThe Eaton 9E uninterruptible power system is a backup power device that delivers facility and industrial envi-ronment power manage-ment. This system’s tower configuration delivers power protection for expanding loads in space-constrained facili-ties while operating at up to 98% efficiency. The 9E offers internal batteries up to 60 kVA, saving floor space when compared to external battery cabinets. The system’s small physical footprint allows for space utilization for revenue-producing equipment and materials. The 9E integrates

with Eaton’s Intelligent Power Software Suite, which allows for management and monitoring of multiple power devices across a network from any Internet-enabled computer.www.Eaton.com

Diesel emission monitor systemThe Rypos AT-IV Active DPF/SCR system monitors the condition of emission controls for a diesel engine and uses predictive analysis to proactively regenerate the DPF and to precondition the exhaust under any load condition or exhaust temperature. There are no idle time limitations or cold start restrictions. The filter is packaged in an integrated low-profile housing, and the filter media can also act as a load bank. This system allows users to determine a compliance schedule, and it can be populated with just one reduction technology while allowing for installation when either or both of the remaining requirements are needed. www.Rypos.com


Equipment-level sensors and controls


Arc flash relayThe Littelfuse PGR-8800 arc-flash relay protects per-sonnel and equipment by rapidly detecting developing arc-flash incidents and tripping the circuit before signifi-cant damage occurs. This relay can detect an arc flash in less than 1 msec, and it detects both current and light to minimize nuisance trips and to provide overcurrent protection. The compact, stand-alone unit features up to 24 light sensors, including optional fiber-optic cable sensors that can protect difficult-to-reach compartments. The relay offers adjustable light level and wide-angle de-

tection, built-in LED to indicate local sensor health or trip state, and application tool s to help determine sensor placement and maintenance schedules.

www.Littelfuse.com

Remote control portalThe inSite for ModSync tool from Synex Controls provides a private portal for remote Web-based access to a facility’s boiler room controls. In conjunction with the ModSync sequencing system, users can access real-time system status, make adjustments, monitor maintenance sched-ules, receive e-mail and text-message alerts, and review systems reports. The user-friendly, full-color, icon-based interface is available for multiple administrators using Web browsers, Web-enabled phones, and an iPhone app. The system can be retrofitted and customized, and its features include response to outdoor temperature, setback scheduling, system interface flexibility, multiple setpoint modes, trending and performance monitoring, alarm status and history, and building integration.www.SynexControls.com

Variable frequency driveCooper Crouse-Hinds’ ACE Series explosion-proof variable frequency drive (VFD) can be safely and reliably installed in Class I, Division 1 or 2 hazard-ous areas. Currently available up to 60 hp, this drive features a NEMA 7 enclosure with active cooling technology that allows the VFD to be housed inside the classified enclosure without the risk of overheating and failing while operating in ambient temperatures up to 50 C. In addition to installa-tion savings, this drive provides soft start capabilities and built-in, real-time diagnostics. It can lower energy consumption by allowing a motor’s power level to be adjusted exactly to performance needs with an explosion-proof keypad and window.www.Crouse-Hinds.com

Motor controlGE’s Limitamp AR arc-resis-tant medium-voltage motor control delivers increased safety, reliability, and ease of maintenance for industries like petrochemicals and gas, meeting the IEEE C37.20.7 standard and providing Type 2B protection. Arc flash ener-gy is contained and exhaust gases redirected up through vent flaps at the top of the enclosure and away from the system through a plenum. Features include heavy-duty, reinforced 0.12 thick steel side panels and a fully isolated low-voltage compartment in the front door. This control is available for one- and two-high full-voltage nonre-versing 400 A, NEMA 1, 50 kA motor starters, rated for 2.4 to 7.2 kV.www.GEIndustrial.com



Fire, life safety, mass notification

Fire/smoke damper monitoring systemThe Ruskin Inspector is a fire/smoke damper monitoring system that includes a control panel, a fire/smoke damper interface, and a digital I/O device for the continuous moni-toring and automated testing of dampers. Product activity is logged and viewable for diagnostics and preventative maintenance using a solid-state panel PC with no moving parts. Factory programming of the system is job-site specific, and the closest distribution board powers the devices. A twisted-pair network cable can connect up to 60 devices per network channel. This system allows for phased commissioning and future expan-sion with open and interoperable protocol and optional online remote access.www.Ruskin.com

Desktop notification and positioning systemThe Situational Awareness and Response Assistant (SARA) eMessenger system developed by Status Solutions delivers desktop notification of emergency and non-emergency events. This system uses SARA’s vector-mapping positioning system with Inovonics EchoStream RF infrastructure. The positioning model includes fixed devices such as wall-mounted panic buttons, motion sensors, and smoke detectors, as well as virtual points of interest within the facility or campus. When this system receives a panic signal, the positioning system provides the closest position, with accuracy to a specific room. The eMessenger displays pop-up alerts with color-coded text, audio, or a combination of both, serving as a facility’s real-time locating service. www.StatusSolutions.com

Mass notification systemCooper Notification’s mass notification system with WAVES High Power Speaker Array (HPSA) 7100 Series has been scaled and designed for stand-alone applications in the fire alarm market, and can be integrated with a facility’s existing audio source, including voice-capable fire alarm control panels and paging systems. Vertical line speaker arrays provide a narrow vertical output pattern, which focuses sound at audiences with less distortion due to reflections; the amplifier is better than 90% efficient with less than 0.1% total harmonic distortion. Low current draw, improved battery standby time, increased battery life, and fewer speakers/drivers result in a reliable, low-maintenance system. www.CooperIndustries.com

Firefighter telephone control systemThe Farenhyt IFP-FFT firefighter phone system developed by Silent Knight by Honeywell provides supervision, annunciation, and control for local and remote telephone handsets. With a single loop of wire, this system supports 72 connections with up to 10 phones in concurrent use. Phone activation and corresponding trouble conditions are detected by the fully supervised system and displayed on the FFT’s main panel, which firefighters also use to control local and remote handsets. Compatible accessories for the system include remote handsets, a handset cabinet, handset jacks, a lockable cabinet with connected handset, and a connected telephone cabinet with breakable glass.www.Farenhyt.com

Strobe and speaker expander platesSystem Sensor designed the SpectrAlert Advance dual strobe and dual strobe with speaker expander plates to lower cost and improve aesthetics for emergency com-munications system and mass notification system applications. The expander plates combine the functions of two to three notification devices on a single mounting plate and back box, and they can be easily installed by one person. These strobe and strobe speaker expander plates are designed for use in 12 or 24 V systems, and they use an amber lens strobe for private mode general utility signaling that meets Dept. of Defense specification requirements.www.SystemSensor.com


Fire, life safety, mass notification


Open-area smoke detection systemThe open-area smoke imaging detection (OSID) system designed by Xtralis features an emitter that sends both IR- and UV-coded light signals to the imaging sensor, which enables the system to discriminate between real smoke and other objects, including steam and dust. The wide-angle imager compensates for vibrations and building movement, and can locate and lock in an emitter that is roughly aligned. Up to seven emitters can be used concur-rently with a single imager, each placed at different heights to provide volumetric coverage. Absolute calibration provides detec-tion up to 492 ft regardless of lighting conditions, smoke color, airflows, or other envi-ronmental conditions.www.Xtralis.com

Local operator consoleGamewell-FCI by Honeywell designed a second version of its local operator console (LOC) used to remotely control emergency mes-saging and system operation. A telephone and 16 programmable switches allow this LOC-TEL to direct prerecorded and live voice messages to any designated area within a facility. A lower-cost alternative, it meets the mass notification requirements of LOCs as mandated by the Dept. of Defense. The INI-VG integrated voice gateway can support up to 16 LOC-TEL, and each LOC-TEL can support one INCC-TEC and one AOM-TELF telephone control module. This LOC’s 16-gauge steel backbox features a wide-screen Lexan window and a keylock or optional thumb quarter turn latch.www.Gamewell-FCI.com

Smoke detection systemIndustrial VESDA VLI is a smoke detection system developed by Xtralis for fire protec-tion in harsh envi-ronments. Features

include absolute detection thresholds, clean-air bar-riers for optics protection, air filtration, and protection against dust and water spray. The smoke detector’s filter is designed to reduce contamination in the sampled air, improving longevity and reducing service and maintenance. Without the need for application engineering, the system monitors detection chamber background with an in-service confirmation. A modular design allows for field replacement of the intelligent filter, aspirator, secondary filter, and detection cham-ber, and the aspirator enables pipe lengths of up to 1,200 ft.www.Xtralis.com

Smoke and CO detectorNOTIFIER by Honeywell designed the IntelliQuad PLUS detector, offering carbon monoxide (CO) detection with smoke detection and nuisance alarm rejection as part of an ONYX series fire alarm system that quickly verifies a true fire or CO emergency. One unit combines four sensing elements for smoke, CO, light/flame, and heat. Separate signals for CO and smoke allow the system to respond appropriately based on the event type. When combined with the addressable B200S sounder base, the IntelliQuad PLUS serves as an affordable alternative for commercial sleeping spaces, eliminating the need for a separate CO detector, smoke detector, mini horn, monitor modules, and associated wiring and junction boxes.www.NOTIFIER.com



HVAC/R

Heat exchanger Bell & Gossett’s BPX BPDW brazed plate heat exchanger can be used as a refrigerant condenser, an evaporator, an oil cooler, and in other applications. This heat exchanger is designed to provide leak protection, safety, thermal ef-fi ciency, and durability in a compact, low-cost unit. Design features include true double-wall construction including port regions, double-wall plate design with unique air vent leak paths, complete peripheral braze for additional strength, four dedicated leak ports for quick and easy leak detection, and dependable protection of fresh water streams for cooling of oils and refrigerants. www.BellGossett.com

Geothermal heat pumpClimateMaster designed the Tranquility 22 Digital Series geothermal heat pumps with features including a two-stage compres-sor, Energy Star Tier 3 effi ciency, integrated variable-speed water fl ow, variable-speed fan with soft start and constant afm control, digital communicating controls, and true plug-and-play functionality. The integrated electronic communicating interface to thermo-stat, fan motor, and geo source pump allows for confi guration, monitoring fault display, and diagnostics at the thermostat. The cabinet’s

small physical footprint makes it suitable for installation in tight spaces and in replacement/retrofi t applications. Tranquility 22 Digital systems are available in vertical and horizontal confi gurations in six capacities.www.ClimateMaster.com

Rooftop unitAAON RN Series packaged rooftop units (55 to 140 tons) are engi-neered for effi ciency and energy savings at both full and partial load. Rigid polyurethane foam panels provide increased thermal resistance, reduced air leakage, and resistance to microbial growth. Direct-drive backward-curved plenum fans do not have belt energy loss-es and are more effi cient than forward-curved fans. Variable speed scroll compressors offer precise load-matching capability by automatically adjusting capacity to match the load cooling requirements, providing signifi cant energy savings at part load conditions. The rooftop unit can be customized and factory-tested to meet nearly any building requirements without signifi cant factory or fi eld modifi cations.www.AAON.com

Portable fanYellow Jacket is a 105-lb portable fan designed by Big Ass Fans for fl exibility, quiet operation, and long-term durability. The heavy-gauge steel carriage is engi-neered to withstand harsh environments, including run-ins with forklifts. The housing is made from high-density polyethylene with vibration dampening properties. The 3-D progress pitch blades are made from high-performance polyamide nylon to maximize effi ciency and airfl ow cover-age. Oversized wheels and an ergonomic handle provide maneuverability, or the fan can be mounted on ceilings, walls, and fl oors. Airfl ow amount and di-rection are controlled with a locking position mecha-nism that allows for 10 variable speeds.www.BigAssFans.com

Motor shaft voltage test kitThe AEGIS shaft voltage test kit measures and documents the voltages of motors controlled by variable frequency drives (VFDs). The kit can test every VFD-controlled motor at a facility to determine whether it is subject to stray shaft voltages great enough to damage bearings. The kit includes a replaceable probe tip with high-density conductive microfi bers that ensure continuous contact with a rotating motor shaft. Electro Static Technology manufactures the tip and extension rod with optional magnetic base, while Fluke makes the 10:1 probe and the Fluke 190 Series II ScopeMeter portable oscilloscope that displays and saves the voltage waveform.www.est-aegis.com

resistance, reduced air leakage, and resistance to microbial growth. Direct-drive backward-curved plenum fans do not have belt energy loss-es and are more effi cient than forward-curved fans. Variable speed scroll


HVAC/R


Steam boiler with control system Fulton’s compact, low-footprint, gas-fired Tribute vertical tubeless steam boiler for commercial and industrial applications can operate at sub-9 ppm NOx and includes an advanced boiler control system. It uses a fiber mesh burner, variable-speed fan, and integrated gas train, providing low emissions combustion with only 4 in. incoming gas pressure. Features include full 4 to 1 modulation and a stainless steel jacket. The Fulton SC-750 touchscreen control system shows current boiler status with high-tech display parameters for burner firing rate, stack temperature, steam pressure, boiler water tempera-ture, and stack emissions levels. The module also displays the status of the boiler feed water pumps, de-aerator water temperature, and boiler water level. www.Fulton.com

Screw chillerThe YORK YVAA air-cooled variable-speed screw chiller was manufactured by Johnson Controls for efficiency, reduced sound, and sustainability. The chiller offers flexible energy consumption with efficiencies up to 11.6 EER and an option to con-figure an integrated part load value up to 19.8 EER. This chiller features low kW/ton at both full-load design and off-design conditions. SilentNight and sound attenuation options work with the programmable control to optimize for sound performance by load-limiting the chiller. This device uses a refrigerant with no ozone-depletion poten-tial and no phase-out date, a falling-film evaporator, and a microchannel condenser coil to reduce refrigerant charge.www.JohnsonControls.com

Wet rotor circulatorThe MAGNA 32-100 variable-speed wet rotor circulator from Grundfos has a per-manent magnet motor, reducing power consumption. The motor design delivers a starting torque four times higher than the standard induction motor while avoiding slippage and allowing flows from 0 to 52 gpm and a noise level less than 35 db. The

AUTOADAPT feature controls this pump performance within a defined performance range, ensuring the lowest possible energy consumption without sacrificing comfort.

Current conditions can be analyzed and adjusted with an integrated frequency converter. A 10-ft cord connects the circulator to a wall outlet with no need to open a terminal box.

www.Grundfos.us

HVAC systemThe SunSource HVAC system developed by Lennox can effectively double the rooftop unit’s efficiency rating, integrating a rooftop unit, solar modules, and microinverters to power commercial buildings. The system feeds solar energy directly into a 3- or 6-ton Energence rooftop unit, and supplies any excess electricity to the rest of the building or to the power grid. Real-time energy production is recorded and monitored by a communications module. Installation does not require a high-dc-voltage line, and each microin-verter’s output is limited to 50 V. During a power outage, the microinverters stop transmitting to the rooftop unit and the main building panel.www.Lennox.com



HVAC/R

Water source heat pumpThe Daikin McQuay Smart-Source water source heat pump product line from McQuay International includes a variable-speed inverter pump with high efficiency and low sound levels in a system that continuously adjusts compressor speeds. This water source heat pump comes in a range of sizes and a breadth of options that include smart dehumidification, waterside economizers, and in-ternal electric heat. The SmartSource platform is geothermal ready, including an option for factory-mounted loop water pumps.www.McQuay.com

Rooftop ventilation systemModine Manufacturing’s Atherion is a 15- to 30-ton packaged rooftop ventilation system designed to meet ASHRAE 189.1 and 62.1 standards for efficiency and indoor air qual-ity. This stainless steel primary heat exchanger offers a maximum of 8,700 cfm outdoor air, low static pressure, a built-in air bypass, optional preheat for frost control, and a gas heating option using Modine’s Conservicore Technology. This unit is factory designed, programmed, and installed with the Modine control system, supplying interoperability with network communications. An optional energy recovery module uses the waste en-ergy from the building to temper the incoming load while delivering 100% outside air. www.Modine.com

Rooftop unitThe Daikin McQuay Rebel commercial rooftop unit from McQuay International features part-load efficiencies that can be greater than 19.5 IEER, which is 60% to 70% better than the ASHRAE 90.1 minimum standard. This Rebel system functions as a variable air volume heat pump unit and is avail-able in 3- to 15-ton sizes. Its variable heat pump has a hybrid gas and electric option as well as a modulating hot gas reheat option that contributes to efficient operation in colder weather climates. The system features Daikin’s variable inverter scroll compressor and variable ECM fan motors that reduce noise. www.McQuay.com

Hydronic heat exchangerWith Mitsubishi Electric Cooling and Heating’s variable refrigerant flow PWFY hydronic heat exchanger, a closed-circuit water heater available in two sizes and configura-tions, daily cost of hot water generation is four times less than with a gas heater and 10 times less than with an electric heater. Using waste heat from the cooling cycle, this exchanger can heat water to 115 F and cool water to 50 F in the HEX configura-tion. In the booster unit configuration, it works with a compressor to heat water to 160 F. Three operation modes provide a full temperature range based on outdoor ambient temperature, and circulation to prevent pipe freeze. www.MEHVAC.com

Compressor with communicationsEmerson Climate Technologies, a business of Emerson, manufactured this Copeland Scroll compressor with CoreSense communications modules to give air conditioning customers com-

munication, protection, and diagnostics onboard. The compressors can stream real-time diagnostics to the system controller. By using the compressor as a sensor, data from inside the system can be accessed and monitored in real time by the controller, improving perfor-mance and reliability. The system allows for automatic and proactive shutdown when ad-verse operating conditions are detected. Diagnostics and protection include missing phase,

reverse phase, short cycling protection, motor temperature protection, locked rotor, and fault history over the life of the compressor.www.EmersonClimate.com


HVAC/R


Wireless sensor system Powercast Corp.’s Lifetime Power wireless sensor system for HVAC control and building automation powers wireless sensor nodes without batteries or wires, but instead with remote transmitters that broadcast radio frequency energy. This system has three parts: battery-less sensor nodes embedded with Powerharvester receivers so they may be powered wirelessly, the WSG-101 BAS gateway, and the TX91501 Powercaster transmitter. One gateway can scale up to 800 sensor points and 100 sensor nodes including the WSN-1001 temperature and humidity sensor; the WSN-1101 temperature, humidity, and light sensor; and the WSN-1102 CO2 sensor. The gateway interfaces to wired BAS networks via industry-standard protocols.www.PowercastCo.com

Programmable HVAC/R controller The Modicon M168 programmable logic controller was designed by Schneider Elec-tric to help OEMs and end users improve performance, optimize costs, and speed time-to-market for HVAC/R machines. Using flexible architectures, customized design, and SoHVAC software, which allows single programming and commissioning, this control-ler offers solutions for small/medium chillers, rooftop units, refrigeration racks, and air han-dling units. The Web-enabled capabilities of this controller allow machine OEMs and end users to remotely monitor energy consump-tion, machine shutdowns, and other problems. The controller can be integrated into building management system platforms through com-munications protocols to control all building functions.www.Schneider-Electric.us

Variable-speed drivesSchneider Electric designed the new Altivar 212 variable-speed drive and the S-Flex enclosed version to provide OEMs and control panel builders with energy-efficient and eco-nomical solutions for pump and fan applica-tions. These ac drives adjust motor speed to the required flow of air or fluids, reducing energy costs by 50%. Electronic motor controls decrease the mechanical stress on belts, piping, and ductwork with no need for valve

or inlet guide vane maintenance. Embedded reduced harmonic technology reduces the wire size and the size of upstream over-current protection devices and operates 10% more efficiently than typical ac drives.www.Schneider-Electric.us

Air conditionerMovinCool’s CMW30 water-cooled, ceiling-mount air conditioner is designed for ap-plications with dense heat loads, where an air-cooled model cannot be used due to the lack of available space for hot exhaust air. This unit’s cooling capacity is rated at 29,400 Btu/h total and 22,000 Btu/h sensible for com-puter rooms. It is 20-in. high; fits above a drop ceiling; includes a built-in mounting bracket, flanges, and vibration isolators; and can be in-stalled using standard hardware. No external condensing unit, refrigerant connections, or charging are necessary. The unit has an IEER of 17.0, made possible by a variable-speed inverter compressor and inverter fan motors. www.MovinCool.com

Brushless permanent magnet motorsNovaTorque’s Generation 2.0 PremiumP-

lus+ 3- and 5-hp brushless permanent magnet motors are designed with a conical, flux-focusing stator and rotor

hub geometry, enabling low-cost ferrite mag-nets to deliver rare-earth-like motor performance.

These motors have motor-only rated point efficien-cies of 93% and 92% for 3- and 5-hp versions, respec-

tively. Variable frequency drives drive these motors, which are packaged in standard NEMA frame sizes and mounting dimen-sions for easy substitution. Due to high power density, these motors are available both in the mounting frame size typical for induction motors, as well as one frame size smaller. www.NovaTorque.com



HVAC/R

Chiller plantThe EarthWise ice-enhanced, air-cooled chiller plant from Trane allows building owners, mechanical system designers, and op-erators to take advantage of less expensive off-peak energy by making ice, which is stored and used for cooling during expensive peak periods. This EarthWise solution provides a predesigned package that streamlines the process of creating and deploying a cooling system that is designed to reduce operating costs and to support the Smart Grid. Standard system configurations include customizable control logic, dashboards, wiring diagrams, and sup-porting drawings. A packaged skid with pumps, valves, sensors, and ancillary items also is available. www.Trane.com

Solar-powered diffuserTitus HVAC’s EOS is a solar-powered diffuser featuring wireless energy harvesting. This diffuser addresses the imperfect split compromises commonly found in a build-ing’s perimeter system, where half the air discharge is supplied in the heating and half in the cooling configuration. EOS delivers both heating and cooling by using an auto-changeover function powered entirely by solar energy, eliminating the wasteful compromise by automatically changing the air discharge pattern to the correct horizontal or vertical position for heating and cooling applications. With the energy-harvesting feature, this dif-fuser allows energy savings of about 30% over traditional linear diffusers in the split system. www.Titus-HVAC.com

Water source heat pumpThe Versatec Base from WaterFurnace combines high-efficiency and value-added features in a compact water source heat pump for water loop and geothermal appli-cations. These units feature a reciprocating single-capacity compressor paired with a PSC blower motor. This heat pump includes an optional two-position water valve, an automatic control valve, and an optional factory-installed, low-pressure drop wa-ter solenoid valve for variable-speed pumping applications. The cabinet is made of heavy gauge galvanized steel for corrosion resistance. Standard foil-faced insulation can be upgraded to FormiShield Plus coil coating, which protects against formicary corrosion, or to ThermaShield, which protects against condensation.www.WaterFurnace.com

In-floor chilled beamsTate’s in-floor active chilled beams bring water under the floor to cool air directly at the perimeter of a building, avoiding many concerns of overhead chilled beams including spider ducting, damage from leaking water lines, and latent loads producing condensation. The beam catches cold air as it falls, heats it, and supplies the heated air to the space, saving energy and providing maximum heating performance. The three product options consist of a two-pipe model with supply and return water connections, a four-pipe model featuring two supply and two return water connections, and a two-pipe model using electric heat at the perimeter.www.TateAccessFloors.com


Lighting


LED light fixtureCorelite’s Loft Micro LED series from Cooper Lighting maintains the elegant and modern style of its fluorescent counterparts with a 17% reduction in power consumption as a direct/indirect LED fixture. This suspended fixture may be mounted individually or continuously with 4-, 8-, and 12-in. modular sections, suited for any application with demanding aesthetic and perfor-mance considerations. Available in two microprofile styles with two different lens media, these fixtures showcase Cooper Lighting’s ALM LED module, delivering a soft, diffuse volume of pure white light on both task and ambient surfaces with a guaranteed system life of 50,000 h.www.CooperLighting.com

Fluorescent retrofit kitsCooper Lighting’s series of Metalux fluorescent retrofit kits are designed to exceed today’s energy needs and guide-lines while improving light quality. The Metalux Commercial, OpticaHP, ArcDuo, and Cruze retrofit kits were developed around one platform that combines the latest optical, energy-saving lamp, and ballast technology to consume less energy without any loss in effective light-ing. These retrofit kits include unique construction features with Advanced Retrofit Technolo-gy, one-piece tool-less reflectors with “squeeze and fit” mounting capability, and Ready-Set captive and secure self-tapping screws. Additional contractor-friendly fea-tures include prewired ballast and assembly, no parts bag, and installation in less than 10 min. www.CooperLighting.com

LED floodlightThe Champ FMV LED 100 to 400 W floodlights from Cooper Crouse-Hinds are designed for use in gas or dust hazardous areas, combining 60,000 h rated lamp life with a heat sink designed for high ambient temperatures and thick protective housing. These floodlights can be used for outdoor or indoor applications at a wide range of mounting heights, with high-efficiency drivers, LED arrays, and optics that give the familiar butter-fly beam light pattern. Using existing mounting adapters, the floodlights require no new conduit runs during installation. Additional options include a warm white version, a guard to protect each fixture from damage, and a visor for dark sky compliance.www.Crouse-Hinds.com

LED luminairesThe Lumark Crosstour LED wall pack luminaire series from Cooper Lighting offers high lumen output and a low-profile design with solutions for wall, surface, post, low-level, and inverted instal-lations on all standard junction boxes without adaptor plates or loose hardware. This fixture’s optical reflector projects light in a forward throw direction, while a full cutoff door provides focused illumination, allowing for greater spacing between fixtures. This series includes small and large housing configurations with die-cast aluminum construc-tion, a sealed LED optical chamber, and impact-resistant tempered glass. The luminaires are dark sky friendly and have a projected LED life of 50,000 h.www.CooperLighting.com

LED luminairesThe Indy LED Designer Cove and Indy LED Multi-Spot luminaires designed by Juno Lighting Group for retail and commercial applications combine flexibility and aesthetics with up to 1,000 lumens of PAR30 halogen, bright-white light from only 22 W input. Both fixtures offer three beam spreads and feature one, two, or three LED heads, which easily detach from the housing for adjustments. These luminaires recess into ceilings with an open hous-ing design and a rotating, tilting, expandable yoke assembly. With color temperatures of 2,700, 3,000, and 4,100 K and 85 CRI minimum, these luminaires are dimmable and designed for quick installation in suspended grid, plaster, or drywall ceilings.www.JunoLightingGroup.com



Lighting

Occupancy light sensorThe PlugTail P&S PlugTail Sensor was designed by Legrand/Pass & Seymour to help contractors meet ASHRAE energy-efficiency standards and government incentive requirements, sensing occupancy and responding with light. At rough-in, the pre-stripped connector leads are installed instead of pigtails without the need for a wire caddy. A polybag keeps the connector free of dirt, dust, and joint compound until trim-out, and this device is installed on existing PlugTail switch boxes in less than a minute by clicking the connector and tightening the mounting screws. These 60 Hz occupancy light sensors are designed with load maximums of 800 W at 120 V and 1,200 W at 277 V. www.Legrand.us

Volumetric LED illuminationAcuity Brands’ Lithonia Light-ing RTLED RELIGHT assembly

kit provides indoor volumetric illumination in easy one-to-one fixture replacement installs from

below the ceiling, with energy sav-ings from the use of LED lighting, full range

dimming, and flexible, embedded nLight control options. All electrical components are shipped installed and prewired on the light engine for simple electrical connection via the installed driver quick disconnect. Controlling high-angle light, this lighting reduces glare for most computer monitors and displays. This lumi-naire kit is available in 2x2-ft and 2x4-ft configurations for deep-cell parabolic and lensed troffer fluorescent fixture upgrades.www.Lithonia.com

Mini LED step lightsThe Juno Lighting Group LED modular mini step lights are designed for commercial and theatrical applications, consuming 2.6 W and available in four distinct optics that can be horizontally or vertically mounted. When used with Juno electronic low-voltage dimmers, the LED driver

has a 100% to 20% or better dimming range and can accommodate an input voltage of 120 Vac at 60 Hz. An outdoor version of these step lights is UL and cUL listed for wet locations with corrosion-resistant paint, and gaskets protect-ing against contaminants. These lights are field interchangeable in standard j-boxes, mounted directly to an aluminum heat sink, and available in 3,000 and 4,100 K color temperatures.www.JunoLightingGroup.com

Architectural coffer LED Acuity Brands’ Lithonia Lighting ACLED is an indoor volumetric LED luminaire delivering ambient white light in a classic yet contemporary architectural style with a stan-dard deep regressed door frame and step baffles. This luminaire provides energy savings from the use of LED lighting, full range dimming, and a plug-and-play dataport for the embedded nLight controls interface that allows for constant system monitoring and lumen management and compensation. The ACLED creates volumetric light through frosted acrylic tile without extending below the ceiling plane. It is available in a 2x2-ft configuration and features 3,300 delivered lumens at 41 input W.www.Lithonia.com

LED luminaireAcuity Brands’ Lithonia Lighting STLED is an indoor surface-mount LED luminaire with a high-efficacy light engine for general ambient lighting applications. This luminaire provides energy savings from the use of LED lighting, full range dimming, and a plug-and-play dataport for the embedded nLight controls interface that allows for constant system monitoring and lumen management and compensation. Volumetric illumina-tion is achieved by creating an optimal mix of light to vertical and horizontal work surfaces, and an angled mounting surface combined with a crescent-shape linear faceted refractor system obscures and integrates individual LED images and uniformly washes fixture surface with light. www.Lithonia.com



Lighting

Volumetric LED fixtureAcuity Brands’ Lithonia Lighting VTLED is a volumetric LED luminaire designed for general-purpose illumination environments. It provides energy savings from the use of LED lighting, full range dimming, and a plug-and-play dataport for the embedded nLight controls interface that allows for constant system monitoring and lumen management and compensation. The linear faceted reflector cavity softens and distributes light while minimizing luminous contrast between the fixture and ceiling. This fixture may be mounted and wired in continuous rows, and is available in a 2x2-ft configuration with a 2,200 or 3,200 lumen package and a 2x4-ft configuration delivering 4,600 lumens, with an efficacy up to 96 lumens/W.www.Lithonia.com

Terminal blocksWAGO’s 2060 Series 1-, 2-, and 3-pole SMD terminal blocks bring push-button actuation to PCB-based LED lighting and compact electronic devices, eliminat-ing specialty tools to meet torque specs and increase connection reliability. Flex-

ible or stranded conductors use the push button for termination/removal. The buttons are concaved and slotted for actuation via ballpoint pen or small screw-driver. CAGE CLAMP terminations are maintenance-free, and vibration- and thermal-cycling resistant to exceed LED longevity. These terminal blocs are UL/cUL recognized: 1-pole units carry a 600 V/9 A rating; 2- and 3-pole models are rated 250 V/9 A. Just 4.5 mm high, these devices also suit electronics requiring low-profile SMT components. www.WAGO.us

Troffer LEDAcuity Brands’ Lithonia Lighting TLED is a general-purpose lighting troffer, expand-ing the range of the company’s indoor LED ambient lighting solutions. The TLED delivers high-quality ambient white light for general illumination while reducing energy consump-tion, maintenance costs, and a building’s environmental footprint. It features nLight enabled controls to achieve enhanced energy savings and faster ROI. The TLED is available in a 2x2-ft configuration and features 3,300 delivered lumens at 41 input W. www.Lithonia.com

Lighting control relay panelThe Schneider Electric LPL lighting control relay panel with LonWorks protocol offers cost-effective and code-compliant lighting control. The LPL is prepackaged in standard configura-tions available with 8, 16, 32, 48, or 64 heavy-duty and/or plug-in relays, relay controllers, and optional time clock and input controllers. The heavy-duty relays carry up to 20 A full load and are rated for over 120,000 mechanical operations. Whether from a stand-alone system, a soft-wired networked panels system, or a fully programma-ble network system, the LPL supports all common sequences encountered in lighting control with software scheduling, event programming, daylight harvesting, and motion sensing inputs. www.Schneider-Electric.us

Outdoor lighting sensorWattStopper developed this FSP-211 digital high/low passive IR fixture integrated outdoor sensor to control lighting in areas such as parking facilities and pedes-trian pathways. This sensor mounts in the bottom of a lighting fixture and raises or lowers the electric lighting level to high, low, or off based on motion and ambi-ent lighting. A wireless handheld infrared tool controls options for high/low mode, sensitivity, and time delay. This sensor works with LED and fluorescent lighting, including 0 to 10 V dimmable ballasts. It is IP66 rated in wet and cold locations, and a choice of four lenses ensures light coverage for mounting heights ranging from 8 to 40 ft.www.WattStopper.com



Plumbing and water management

Pressure pipeAquatherm has extended its Greenpipe potable water pipe line up to an 18-in. di-ameter, and the Climatherm HVAC pipe line up to a 24-in. diameter. These large polypropylene-random pipes are recyclable and ideal for large chilled water sys-tems. The pipes have a reduced standard dimension ratio of pipe diameter to wall thickness in order to keep weight and costs down. Systems using Climatherm SDR 17.6 or Greenpipe SDR 11 are connected via heat fusion, which turns the pipe and fitting into a single material, creating durable monolithic connections that eliminate toxic materials, glues, resins, and open flames from piping installations. www.AquathermPipe.com

Water heaterA natural gas engine powers the Ilios high-efficiency water heater from Ilios Dynamics, a subsidiary of Tecogen. The modular unit cap-tures and repurposes waste heat with a 1.2 to 1.8 coefficient of per-formance, offering up to twice the efficiency and half the fuel consumption of a conventional gas-fired boiler. This water heater can produce 400,000 to 600,000 Btu/hr of hot water for domestic, commercial, and industrial facilities, and it is scalable to serve larger thermal loads with a gas demand of 2,000 therms per month or more. With Tecogen’s ultra-low emissions exhaust, criteria pollutants are reduced to near zero. Federal investment tax credits and accelerated depre-ciation are available, reducing the payback time to an estimated four-year range.www.IliosDynamics.com

Toilet valveThis Selectronic commercial hands-free, battery-powered, dual-flush toilet valve from American Standard automatically adjusts flush volume. The valve releases a light flush when motion is detected for less than 60 secs. Otherwise, a standard flush volume is used. The sensor’s range is preset at the factory and can be adjusted either manually or via remote control. Valve features include a self-cleaning piston, chemical-resistant seals, and piston operation that eliminates rubber diaphragms. This valve is offered as a complete 11½- or 27-in. rough-in version, as well as a retrofit model without the stop valve and vacuum breaker. www.AmericanStandard.com

FaucetChicago Faucets’ concealed undermount faucet features a retrofittable restricted-swing spout option that keeps the water off the deck and in the sink, complementing vandal-proof outlets and handles for high-abuse installations. A one-piece, cast brass body delivers durability and strength with flexible stainless steel hoses for adjustability. Fewer parts and pre-assembled components allow one-person installation and reduced maintenance. This faucet features a fully threaded valve body that adjusts to almost any deck thickness, using interchangeable handles, spouts, outlets, and cartridges from the company. To meet the latest codes and standards, options include ECAST faucets for lead-reduction laws and CALGreen-compliant models. www.ChicagoFaucets.com

FaucetThis KWC AVA single-lever, fixed-spout basin faucet with COOLFIX technology provides cold water in the standard middle position. The only way to draw warm water is to rotate the lever clockwise and away from the middle position. This basin faucet also incorpo-rates the Neoperl Caché aerator, which reduces water flow from the conventional 2.5 gpm to 1.5 gpm. The slim proportions and cubic contours of this faucet are designed to offer years of reliable service with minimal maintenance. Features include continuously variable flow rate and temperature, flexible connection hoses with 3/8-in. compression, and fastening by means of a threaded sleeve M33 x 1.5.www.KWC.us.com


Plumbing and water management


Water heater tankPVI Industries designed the AquaPLEX hot water storage vessel, which eliminates the need for tank linings. This tank is a blend of austenitic and ferritic steels that combine grain structures to make it highly resis-tant to various types of corrosion, higher in tensile and yield strength than carbon steel, and typically 15% less in weight than a polymer- or nickel-lined water heater. A passive layer of protection is formed when the high chromium content combines with the oxygen, resulting in virtually no material loss or corrosion when the tank is exposed

to the dissolved oxygen or other aggressive agents found in potable waters. www.PVI.com

Water control valveThis drain tempering valve (DTV) from Therm-Omega-Tech is designed for appli-cations where discharge flow to a drain or sewer must be tempered. Hot effluent passes over the thermal actuator, which opens the cold water inlet port only when the effluent exceeds a specific setpoint temperature. As the hot effluent cools, the DTV automatical-ly modulates to reduce the cold water inlet flow. At about 10 F below the full open tem-perature, the cold water inlet is fully closed to conserve water. This self-operating, clog-resistant valve requires no outside power source and is easy to install with standard pipe fittings and tools.www.ThermOmegaTech.com

Shower systemMoen Commercial’s slide-bar grab-bar shower system provides a safe and environmentally friendly solution for commercial showering applications. This system includes a chrome hand shower and a heavy-duty 1½-in.-diameter stainless steel, ADA-compliant grab bar. The hand shower includes a nonpositive pause function, and the grab bar can be mounted to hold up to 500 lbs at any angle with no studs required. Three flow rates are available: 1.5 gpm or 1.75 gpm eco-performance models, and a 2.5 gpm model. This system features bal-ance pressure to maintain temperature, integral stops allowing water supply shutoff at the valve, and brass Posi-Temp rough-in values with adjustable temperature limit stops.www.MoenCommercial.com

Water control valveThe Circuit Solver Thermostatic Recirculation Valve (TRV) from Therm-Omega-Tech eliminates oversize recirculating pumps, minimizes heat loss, and lowers flow in hot water return lines. Installed on each hot water supply branch line immediately downstream of the last runout to a hot tap, this valve includes a thermal actuator that opens or closes to establish a flow rate that maintains water temperature within 3 F of the setpoint. This TRV is available for a multibranch domestic hot water system or a system with no branches, saving energy by modulating flow to precisely match system heat loss. It is rated for at least 200,000 cycles, is NSF-61 certified, and meets ANSI/AWWA C800. www.ThermOmegaTech.com

Pipe press systemVictaulic designed the Vic-Press, a flame-free press system that joins pipe in seconds. This press-to-connect system, designed for off-the-shelf stainless steel pipe, is an industrial-grade solution for quickly and reliably joining small-diameter piping systems. Pipe is cut to size and deburred, marked for visual verification, and inserted into a lubricated coupling, fitting, or valve. A handheld tool presses the component onto the pipe-end, providing a positive mechanical interlock and cre-ating a rigid, permanent, leak-tight joint. Press detection technology confirms any unpressed joints as the system is filled. This system reduces rework and requires 70% fewer hours than welding to install.www.Victaulic.com

Pipe pressViega designed the MegaPress and MegaPre-ssG systems for installing schedule 5 to schedule 40 black iron pipe in sizes of ½ to 2 in. The systems make watertight and airtight connections in less than seven seconds under flow condi-tions without hot permits, welding rods, or cutting oils. The systems use a stainless-steel grip ring with an EPDM sealing element for the MegaPress system that is ASME B31-compliant for pressure and boiler piping, or HNBR for the MegaPressG system that is CSA LC4-compliant for fuel gas and oil applications. The company’s Smart Connect feature quickly and easily identifies connections that need pressing.www.Viega.com


Software: design, modeling, analysis

Data center management softwareSchneider Electric’s StruxureWare for data centers is a second-generation, vendor-neutral management software suite that enables an integrated view of the physical systems of the data center to provide data gathering, monitoring and automation, and planning and implementation functionalities. From a single point of access, it provides intelligent monitoring, automation, planning, and reporting on critical facility management systems. This software consists of seven applications that provide users with multiple options to create and share management dashboards, from detailed reports on single assets to broader perspectives for global operations. The dash-boards offer multisite options to support comparisons and corporate energy governance activities.www.Schneider-Electric.com

Electrical design softwareDesign Master Software has improved support for 3-D-BIM in Design Master Electrical 8.0, which can now export an IFC file for 3-D collision detection. This software runs inside AutoCAD and its 3-D model now includes con-duits, cable trays, and vertical panel clearances, which are exported as 3-D solids in the IFC file. This software update also includes a material takeoff feature available to all users, equipment sizing based on MCA and MOCP, an improved voltage drop schedule, a command to update all schedules on the drawing, a toggle to hide devices in one-line diagram, a command to join broken circuits, and motor voltage options above 600 V.www.DesignMaster.biz

Building efficiency systemPanoptix is a combination of software and services designed by Johnson Controls to monitor and improve building performance for any size facility. The software includes an open technology platform for collecting and managing data from disparate building systems and other data sources, as well as a suite of cloud-hosted building efficiency applications that work with any building management system. The system includes four applications that detect abnormal energy consumption, track energy usage and carbon emis-sions, create energy baseline models, and provide comparative analysis. With Panoptix, the company provides building and energy services to help custom-ers implement operational improvements and energy-savings measures on-site, online, and by phone. www.JohnsonControls.com



Test instruments, meters, data loggers


Thermal imagersFluke added four additional products to the P3 Series thermal imagers: the Ti27 and Ti29 models measure temperature from -20 to 600 C with a high temperature color alarm for industrial applications, and the TiR27 and TiR29 models measure temperature from -20 to 150 C with a low temperature or dewpoint color alarm for building inspection and maintenance applications. These thermal imagers feature interchangeable lenses, 76,800 total pixel image count for the Ti32/TiR32 models, thermal and spatial resolution with Fluke IR-Fusion that simultaneously displays visible light and infrared im-ages, and Fluke SmartView professional IR software for viewing, annotating, editing, and analyzing. www.Fluke.com

Power quality analyzersThe Fluke 430 Series II three-phase power quality and energy analyzers are handheld tools that measure electrical power consumption, quantify wasted energy, and improve the performance and lifespan of electrome-chanical equipment. Three measurement functions are combined with hardware, software, and firmware improvements. The Unified Power function provides the ability to calculate the monetary cost of the wasted energy and to automatically quantify the energy wasted by harmonics and unbalance. The Inverter Efficiency function simultaneously mea-sures the input and output power inverters. The 435 model includes PowerWave, a “fast capture” system that displays waveforms, half-cycle RMS voltage, and current values to measure interaction during switching operations. These analyzers have up to 32 GB memory, a swappable SD memory card, and USB connectivity. www.Fluke.com

Smart metersLeviton’s Series 3000 line of UL-listed smart meters measure power use in a building with enhanced measurement func-tionality, greater communications capabilities, and indicators to ensure proper installation and accurate data collection. Designed for commercial, institutional, industrial, and govern-ment applications, these meters monitor power consumption for individual tenants, departments, and pieces of equipment, or other loads, to account for their actual energy usage. They measure kWh, demand, instantaneous power, V, A, W, VAR, and VA per phase. These meters are equipped with an isolated pulse output channel and an RS-485 two-way serial port and open architecture platform for integration with AMR/BAS/BMS/EMS systems.www.Leviton.com


Operations can account for 60% of the life cycle cost of a building, so managing energy and operational effi ciency is critical to maintaining your facility’s overall value. And it gets harder with age. Siemens experts can help your facility do more for less. We take the time to understand your operations and long-term business requirements. We then provide answers

s

tailored to meet your specifi c needs and budget constraints. With strategies, systems, services and fi nancing options designed to maximize building performance, we can help your building reach peak effi ciency at any stage in its life cycle. Greater effi ciency means less waste, an improved environmental impact and more for your bottom line.

usa.siemens.com/efficient

Your budget does more when your facility consumes less.Siemens can help your facility become smarter, more efficient and green.

Answers for infrastructure.input #25 at www.csemag.com/information

CSE2012004_069.indd 69 4/5/2012 5:15:31 PM

Product & Literature Digest

Upload your Digital Ads to the CFE Ad Portal. It’s Easy and Secure!

Sign up today... it’s FREE! Log on today at http://ads.cfemedia.com and start using this simple, fast and convenient service! Follow the easy step-by-step instructions to submit a new ad. Once uploaded, review your ad on screen for compliancy, then approve for submission. The portal also offers helpful tips for pdf creation, plus a useful archive and status report of all ads you have submitted.

http://ads.cfemedia.com

cse201009_portalFiller.indd 1 9/14/2010 5:22:05 PM

Place Your Advertisement TODAY! For further information on advertising contact:

Tom Corcoran at 215-275-6420 email: [email protected]


Input #100 at www.csemag.com/information



Fike’s Integrated VoiceMessaging SystemFike’s advanced Integrated Voice Messaging system is now Listed to the new UL 2572 Mass Notification Sys-tems standard, making it ideal for Mass Notification (MNS) or Emergency Communication (ECS) Systems. Additionally, Fike's ECS system offers several key product enhancements, including an optional Local Operating Console (LOC) or remote microphone. For more information, visit http://www.fike.com/prod-ucts/faive.html.

Email: [email protected]

Phone: 866-758-6004

Uponor 2012Product CatalogThe new 2012 Uponor Product Catalog is now available for order-ing and download-ing from www.uponorpro.com. With a compre-hensive offering of quality products for plumbing, radi-ant floor heating and cooling and pre-insulated pipe systems, Uponor is the superior solution for all your commercial applications. To learn more, visit www.uponorpro.com or call 800.321.4739.

View on-demand Webcasts for free at www.csemag.com/webcast

• Update on the 2011 National Electric Code • How Secure Power Can Add to Your Bottom Line • Driving Cooling Efficiencies in the Data Center • Update on Codes, Standards, and Regulations for Standby/Emergency Systems

Earn FREE AIA accredited learning units or professional development hours (PDH) while learning about the latest industry trends.

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• Update on the 2011 National Electric Code • How Secure Power Can Add to Your Bottom Line • Driving Cooling Efficiencies in the Data Center • Update on Codes, Standards, and Regulations for Standby/Emergency Systems

cse201203_AIAClass_filler.indd 1 2/27/2012 3:24:37 PM

CSE1204_ProdMart.indd 70 4/4/12 2:09 PM

PUBLICATION SERVICESJim Langhenry,Co-Founder and Publisher, CFE Media630-571-4070, x2203; [email protected]

Steve Rourke, Co-Founder, CFE Media630-571-4070, x2204, [email protected]

Trudy Kelly, Executive Assistant630-571-4070, x2205, [email protected]

Elena Moeller-Younger, Marketing Manager630-571-4070, x2215; [email protected]

Michael Smith, Creative Director630-779-8910, [email protected]

Paul Brouch, Web Production Manager630-571-4070, x2208, [email protected]

Michael Rotz, Print Production Manager717-766-0211 x4207, Fax: [email protected]

Jeff Adee, Direct Mail List Services630-288-8323; [email protected]

Rick Ellis, Audience Management DirectorPhone: 303-246-1250; [email protected]

letters to the editor Please e-mail us your opinions [email protected] or fax us at 630-214-4504. Letters should include name, company, and address,and may be edited for space and clarity.

Information For a Media Kit or Editorial Calendar, email Trudy Kelly at: [email protected].

REPRINTSFor custom reprints or electronic usage, contact: Wright’s Media – Nick IademarcoPhone: 877-652-5295 ext. 102Email: [email protected]

PUBLICATION SALESMidwestMatt Waddell [email protected] West 22nd St. Suite 250 Tel. 312-961-6840Oak Brook, Illinois 60523 Fax 630-214-4504

West, TX, OKTom Corcoran, [email protected] W. 22nd St. Suite 250, Tel. 215-275-6420Oak Brook, IL 60523 Fax. 484-631-0598

NortheastRichard A. Groth Jr. [email protected] Pine Street Tel. 774-277-7266Franklin, MA 02038 Fax 508-590-0432

InternationalStuart Smith, [email protected] Global Media Ltd. Tel. +44 208 464 5577 Fax +44 208 464 5588

71

Advertiser IndexPUBLICATION SERVICESJim Langhenry,Co-Founder and Publisher, CFE Media630-571-4070, x2203; [email protected]

Steve Rourke, Co-Founder, CFE Media630-571-4070, x2204, [email protected]

Trudy Kelly, Executive Assistant630-571-4070, x2205, [email protected]

Elena Moeller-Younger, Marketing Manager630-571-4070, x2215; [email protected]

Michael Smith, Creative Director630-779-8910, [email protected]

Paul Brouch, Web Production Manager630-571-4070, x2208, [email protected]

Michael Rotz, Print Production Manager717-766-0211 x4207, Fax: [email protected]

Jeff Adee, Direct Mail List Services630-288-8323; [email protected]

Rick Ellis, Audience Management DirectorPhone: 303-246-1250; [email protected]

letters to the editor Please e-mail us your opinions [email protected] or fax us at 630-214-4504. Letters should include name, company, and address,and may be edited for space and clarity.

Information For a Media Kit or Editorial Calendar, email Trudy Kelly at: [email protected].

REPRINTSFor custom reprints or electronic usage, contact: Wright’s Media – Nick IademarcoPhone: 877-652-5295 ext. 102Email: [email protected]

PUBLICATION SALESMidwestMatt Waddell [email protected] West 22nd St. Suite 250 Tel. 312-961-6840Oak Brook, Illinois 60523 Fax 630-214-4504

West, TX, OKTom Corcoran, [email protected] W. 22nd St. Suite 250, Tel. 215-275-6420Oak Brook, IL 60523 Fax. 484-631-0598

NortheastRichard A. Groth Jr. [email protected] Pine Street Tel. 774-277-7266Franklin, MA 02038 Fax 508-590-0432

InternationalStuart Smith, [email protected] Global Media Ltd. Tel. +44 208 464 5577 Fax +44 208 464 5588

1111 W. 22nd St. Suite 250, Oak Brook, IL 60523630-571-4070 Fax 630-214-45041111 W. 22nd St. Suite 250, Oak Brook, IL 60523

Consulting-Specifying Engineer does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any person for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions in the Advertiser contacts regardless of whether such errors result from negligence, accident, or any other cause whatsoever.

Request more information about products and advertisers in this issue by using thehttp://csemag.com/information link and reader service number located near each item. If you’re reading the digital edition, the link will be live. You may also check the circle adjacent the page reference to indicate which companies you are interested in, then FAX this back to CSE at 630-214-4504 for FREE information. When you contact a company directly, please let them know you read about them in Consulting-Specifying Engineer.

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Acuity Brands Controls .................. 11 ....................6 ................770-922-9000 ................. www.acuitybrandscontrols.com ........... �

Aquatherm, Inc. .............................. 26 ....................13 ..............801-805-6657 ................. www.aquatherm.com ............................ �

Baldor Electric Company ................ C-2...................1 ................479-646-4711 ................. www.baldor.com .................................... �

Caterpillar Inc. ................................. 39 ....................18 ..............309-675-4096 ................. www.catelectricpowerinfo.com/pm ..... �

Edwards, a UTC Fire &Security Company .......................... 16 ....................9 ................941-739-4226 ................. www.utc� reandsecurity.com ................ �

Electro Static Technology Inc ......... 44 ....................21 ..............866-738-1857 ................. www.est-aegis.com ................................ �

E-Newsletters .................................. 26 .......................................630-571-4070 ................. www.csemag.com .................................. �

Generac Power Systems, Inc .......... 1 ......................2 ................800-436-3722 ................. www.generac.com ................................. �

Hubbell Incorporated ..................... 31 ....................15 ..............475-882-4000 ................. www.hubbell.com .................................. �

Industrial AutomationNorth America at IMTS 2012 ......... 69 .......................................312-924-1688 ................. www.ia-na.com ...................................... �

Leviton Manufacturing Co ............. 41 ....................19 ..............800-323-8920 ................. www.Leviton.com .................................. �

Lutron Electronics Co ...................... C-4...................24 ..............888-588-7671 ................. www.lutron.com .................................... �

Metra� ex ......................................... 20 ....................11 ..............312-738-3800 ................. www.Metra� ex.com .............................. �

Mitsubishi Electric Coolingand Heating Solutions ................... 6 ......................5 ................800-433-4822 ................. www.mitsubishipro.com ....................... �

MTU Onsite Energy ........................ 5 ......................4 ................920-451-0846 ................. www.mtu-online.com ............................ �

PowerSecure, Inc. ........................... 43 ....................20 ..............866-347-5455 ................. www.powersecure.com ......................... �

Pritchard Brown .............................. 13 ....................7 ................800-231-2258 ................. www.pritchardbrown.com .................... �

Reliable Controls ............................. 27 ....................14 ..............250-475-2036 ................. www.reliablecontrols.com/contact ...... �

Russelectric Inc ................................ 21 ....................12 ..............800-225-5250 ................. www.russelectric.com ............................ �

Schweitzer Engineering Labs ........ 33 ....................16 ..............509-336-7946 ................. www.selinc.com ..................................... �

Solutions for Engineers .................. 46 .......................................630-571-4070 ................. www.csemag.com .................................. �

Therm-Omega-Tech Inc .................. 52 ....................22 ..............877-379-8258 ................. www.ThermOmegaTech.com/CSE ........ �

Thomas & Betts Corporation ......... 15 ....................8 ................901-252-8000 ................. www.tnb.com ......................................... �

Universal Electric Corp ................... 35 ....................17 ..............800-245-6378 ................. www.uecorp.com ................................... �

Uponor, Inc. ..................................... 18 ....................10 ..............800-321-4739 ................. www.uponorengineering.com.............. �

Wheatland TubeJMC Steel Group ............................. 2 ......................3 ................800-257-8182 ................. www.wheatland.com ............................ �

Yaskawa America Inc ..................... C-3...................23 ..............800-927-5292 ................. www.yaskawa.com ................................ �

www.csemag.com Consulting-Specifying Engineer • APRIL 2012

CSE1204_ADINDEX_FINAL.indd 71 4/3/12 3:59 PM


Q: Describe the formal technical mentor-ing program at KJWW.A: We mentor experienced and inexpe-rienced new hires. It is important to pro-vide a strong technical foundation, intro-duce KJWW standards and processes, and integrate new staff into the KJWW community. We use progress reports and discipline-specific competency/experi-ence worksheets. Staff are introduced to design topics, provided with projects using those concepts, and then are rated on their ability to work independently. There is suggested modular training, and the mentors review homework and answer questions. At first, new staff members need considerable attention; it is time-consuming, but the payoffs come as they learn where and how to find information and where and who to go to for additional information and support.

Mentoring provides a system for orderly growth. There were 17 engineers being mentored in November of 2004, and in 2008 there were more than 275 mentees. More than half of our staff was being mentored. At the time, we were growing rapidly, had acquired another firm, and added another firm location. Currently, there are 64 employees in our technical mentoring program—more than half of them are in our India office.

Q: How is your informal mentoring pro-gram structured?A: A new team structure has enhanced our staff’s opportunity to receive very individ-ual attention from team leaders, supervi-sors, and client executives. We truly have an open-door policy, and it is not uncom-mon to see a relatively inexperienced engineer sitting with one of our principals or associate principals. KJWW staff are

great storytellers and are happy to talk about past experiences and share war sto-ries. This type of informal mentoring is really ingrained in the KJWW culture. We have tried to leverage these experience-sharing opportunities with noon seminars, where we feature one or two seasoned staff members in video conference con-versations with all U.S. locations.

Q: What does KJWW offer for staff in its Leadership Development program?A: An outside organizational psycholo-gist assists KJWW with our Leader-ship Development project. This begins a process of increased self-awareness and strength development. The human resources department and education man-agers facilitate quarterly discussions on relevant leadership topics (characteristics of leadership, how to motivate, commu-nication, etc.), and staff can be matched with internal coaches if they choose.

Q: Where does all of this mentoring take place?A: On the job, at lunch, traveling to job-sites, during noon seminars with small and medium enterprises. As a matter of fact, most interactions are informal knowledge-gathering opportunities. Even our Business Program instructors enjoy KJWW staff. They come early or stay after class to talk with individuals and they are available via e-mail or phone to support staff development. As mentioned earlier, education is part of our culture. It’s very much organized like a family: parents teach children and children teach younger children—with the oversight of the parents. And most staff do not even ask “why?” It’s just the way it is at KJWW.

2 More Minutes

Mentoring is ‘the way it is’ at Midwest firm

Firm: KJWW Engineering Consultants

Location: Rock Island, Ill.

Employees: More than 400

Company description: KJWW Engineering provides consulting engineering services for building and infrastructure systems. As an employee-owned firm, KJWW offers a combination of mechani-cal, electrical, structural, tech-nology, acoustics, architectural lighting, and medical equipment planning services for the highest level of integration among interde-pendent systems.

profile

Brandon Pierson, PE, LEED AP (left), a senior mechanical engi-neer at KJWW, reviews a design strategy with mechanical engineer Rachel Korth. Courtesy: KJWW

CSE1204_MORE_V4msFINAL.indd 72 4/3/12 3:58 PM

One red cup sits on a small bleacher area for each of the associates on the line in our Buffalo Grove, Illinois manufacturing and distribution center. In those cups, we put any screws damaged during our processes.

Know how many screws we collect on average each month? Twenty-fi ve. That’s right. Only 25 damaged screws for every 40,000 processed. Pretty impressive, huh?

At Yaskawa, our people are committed to quality because to them it’s not just a job – it’s personal.

Never compromise on quality. Call Yaskawa today.

TWENTY-FIVE

YA S K AWA A M E R I C A , I N C .D R I V E S & M O T I O N D I V I S I O N

1 - 8 0 0 -YA S K AWA YA S K AWA . C O M

Follow us: For more info:http://Ez.com/yai302

©2012 Yaskawa America Inc.input #23 at www.csemag.com/information

CSE2012004_0C3.indd 3 4/4/2012 3:49:39 PM

©2012 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | P/N 368-2590 REV A

Meet building energy codes simply and affordably with Lutron solutionsOccupancy sensing for any application

Specify Lutron on your next project to dramatically reduce lighting energy consumption.Learn more by visiting www.lutron.com/RPS

Ceiling-mountRadio Powr SavrTM occupancy sensor

Wall-mountRadio Powr Savr occupancy sensor

In-wallMaestro® occupancy sensing switch

Applicationspaces

Meet and exceed building energy codes

• Break rooms• Private offi ces• Open offi ces• Conference

rooms• Hallways• Stairwells• Restrooms

ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Automatic Receptacle Control (8.4.2)

Automatic Lighting Shut-off (9.4.1.1)

Space Control (9.4.1.2)

Additional Controls, Stairwell Lighting (9.4.1.6 g)

IECC 2012

Light Reduction Controls (C405.2.1.2)

Occupancy Sensors (C405.2.2.2)

CA Title 24 2008

Area Controls (131 a)

Shut-off Controls (131 d)

CS

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AP

RIL

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2 -

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MU

S, I

NC

. 215

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LTRN-9997-12 Sensors CSE.indd 1 3/14/12 3:52 PM


CSE2012004_0C4.indd 4 4/4/2012 3:51:11 PM

cse04'12

Documents

computer rendering

produce tender

alternate

modular data

optional standby

smith seckman

green building

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