CSE 3521: Introductionto Artificial Intelligence · • Translate spoken Mandarin into spoken English in real time? ... • Speech technologies (e.g. Siri) • Automatic speech recognition

CSE3521:Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Instructor:Wuwei [email protected]

TheOhioStateUniversity

CourseInformation

Coursewebsite:https://lanwuwei.github.io/courses/AU19/3521_au19.html

Berkeley CS 188: https://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs188/fa18/index.html

HomeworkandGrading

GradingPolicy• Homework– 20%• Projects – 30%• Midterm– 20%• Final– 30%

Expect5-6homework/project assignmentsoverthecourse.

Homeworksubmissionsareindividual,butfeelfreetodiscuss.

3flexibledays for project submission, butnot for homework.

AcademicMisconduct

Discussallyoulike,inclassandout.However,allworkyousubmitmustbeyourown.Ifyoucheatonatestorcopysomeoneelse’scode/solutionsforhomework,youwillbereportedtotheCommitteeonAcademicMisconduct.

MOSS will be used to check code similarity!

Textbook

Notrequired,butifyouwanttoreadmore,Irecommend

• Russell&Norvig,AI:AModernApproach,3rd Ed.

• Warning:Notacoursetextbook,solectureswillnotnecessarilyfollowthepresentationinthebook.

The best textbook should be Internet!

Python

WhatisAI?

AIinCulture

WhatisAI?

Thescienceofmakingmachinesthat:

Thinklikepeople

Actlikepeople

Thinkrationally

Actrationally

TheTuringTest

Ingredients:• HumanJudge,unknownEntity• 2computerterminalsindifferentrooms

Recipe:• HavehumanJudgesitatonecomputer• JudgeconverseswithEntityviachatwindowfor5minutes• JudgedecidesifEntityishumanorcomputer

Whichiswhich?

Lefthandside

Judge:Hiwhat’syourname?

Entity:Idon’tknow

Judge:Myname’sJane.IliveinLondon.Wheredoyoulive

Entity:IliveinLondonas well

Judge:DoyoulikelivinginLondon?

Entity:yesIlikeitbecausetherearealotofthingstodothereandalsoitisthecapitalcityofEngland

Judge:What’smyname?

Entity:sorry?

Judge:What’smyname?

Entity:jane

Judge:Andwhat’syourname?Entity:Idon’tknow

Righthandside

Judge:Whatcoloristhecarpetinyourroom

Entity:Ilikepink;whatdoyoulike?

Judge:Ilikepink.MynameisJohn.What’syourname?Entity:Red.HelloJohn.Itsnicetomeetsuchafinepersonasyourself.

Judge:Redismyfavoritecolor.What’syours?

Entity:Myfavoritecolorisred.

Judge:YouuseAmericanspelling.AreyouintheUSA?

Entity:ButyouarenotevenAmerican.Justrememberatheismisonlyabeliefsystem.Andittoocanbeforcedonpeoplewhodon’tagree.

Judge:Howdoyoulikeyoureggs– evereasyorsunnysideup?Entity:HowIwonderifIlikemyeggs-overeasyorsunnysideup?Thisissoexplainable.ThatlistmakesmefeelunsureJohn.

Exampletakenfrom“Turing’sImitationGame,”byWarwickandShah(2016)

WhatgoodispassingtheTuringTest?

Chatting“likeahuman”involves:• Generatingcoherentlanguage• Respondingappropriatelytounexpectedinputs• …

Whatisn’tit,though?

TheTuringTestdoesnot show• Understandingorthinking• Abilitytolearn• Interactionwithanunconstrainedworld• Processingsensoryinput• Havingknowledge• Muchofanythinguseful,really

A(Short)HistoryofAI

• 1940-1950:Earlydays• 1943:McCulloch&Pitts:Booleancircuitmodelofbrain• 1950:Turing's“ComputingMachineryandIntelligence”

• 1950—70:Excitement:Look,Ma,nohands!• 1950s:EarlyAIprograms,includingSamuel'scheckersprogram,Newell

&Simon'sLogicTheorist,Gelernter'sGeometryEngine• 1956:Dartmouthmeeting:“ArtificialIntelligence”adopted• 1965:Robinson'scompletealgorithmforlogicalreasoning

• 1970—90:Knowledge-basedapproaches• 1969—79:Earlydevelopmentofknowledge-basedsystems• 1980—88:Expertsystemsindustrybooms• 1988—93:Expertsystemsindustrybusts:“AIWinter”

• 1990—:Statisticalapproaches• Resurgenceofprobability,focusonuncertainty• Generalincreaseintechnicaldepth• Agentsandlearningsystems…“AISpring”?

• 2000—:Wherearewenow?

WhatCanAIDo?

Quiz:Whichofthefollowingcanbedoneatpresent?

• Playadecentgameoftabletennis?• PlayadecentgameofJeopardy?• Drivesafelyalongacurvingmountainroad?• DrivesafelyalongHighStreetatrushhour?• Buyaweek'sworthofgroceriesontheweb?• Discoverandproveanewmathematicaltheorem?• Conversesuccessfullywithanotherpersonforanhour?• Performasurgicaloperation?• Putawaythedishesandfoldthelaundry?• TranslatespokenMandarinintospokenEnglishinrealtime?• Writeanintentionallyfunnystory?

NaturalLanguage Processing

• Speechtechnologies(e.g.Siri)• Automaticspeechrecognition(ASR)• Text-to-speechsynthesis(TTS)• Dialogsystems

• Languageprocessingtechnologies• Questionanswering• Machinetranslation

• Websearch• Textclassification,spamfiltering,etc…

Computer Vision

ImagesfromErikSudderth (left),wikipedia (right)

§ Objectandfacerecognition§ Scenesegmentation§ Imageclassification

Demo1:VISION– lec_1_t2_video.flv

Demo2:VISION– lec_1_obj_rec_0.mpg

Robotics

• Robotics• Partmech.eng.• PartAI• Realitymuchharderthansimulations!

• Technologies• Vehicles• Rescue• Soccer!• Lotsofautomation…

• Inthisclass:• Weignoremechanicalaspects• Methodsforplanning• Methodsforcontrol

ImagesfromUCBerkeley,BostonDynamics,RoboCup,Google

Logic

• Logicalsystems• Theoremprovers• NASAfaultdiagnosis• Questionanswering

• Methods:• Deductionsystems• Constraintsatisfaction• Satisfiability solvers(hugeadvances!)

ImagefromBartSelman

GamePlaying

• ClassicMoment:May,'97:DeepBluevs.Kasparov• Firstmatchwonagainstworldchampion• “Intelligentcreative”play• 200millionboardpositionspersecond• Humansunderstood99.9ofDeepBlue'smoves• CandoaboutthesamenowwithaPCcluster

• Openquestion:• Howdoeshumancognitiondealwiththe

searchspaceexplosionofchess?• Or:howcanhumanscompetewithcomputersatall??

• 1996:KasparovBeatsDeepBlue“Icouldfeel--- Icouldsmell--- anewkindofintelligenceacrossthetable.”

• 1997:DeepBlueBeatsKasparov“DeepBluehasn'tprovenanything.”

• 2017:AlphaGo beats…well,everyone

TextfromBartSelman,imagefromIBM’sDeepBluepages

DecisionMaking

• AppliedAIinvolvesmanykindsofautomation• Scheduling,e.g.airlinerouting,military• Routeplanning,e.g.Googlemaps• Medicaldiagnosis• Websearchengines• Spamclassifiers• Automatedhelpdesks• Frauddetection• Productrecommendations• …Lotsmore!

ThisCourse

Search:HowdoI(efficiently)findasolution?

LogicandKnowledge:HowdoIdeterminewhatis/isn’tknown?

DecisionPolicies:HowdoIchoosethebestnextaction?

Probability:HowdoIhandledependencyandnon-determinism?

MachineLearning:HowdoIlearnfrompastexperience?

PhilosophyandEthics:HowdoIdeterminewhatisintelligent?AndhowdoIknowthatwhatI’mdoingisgood?

Contact Info

WeChat: lww_0214

Facebook: Wuwei Lan

Phone: 352-2818103 Any questions are welcome!