CSCW – Module 7 – Page 1 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Module 7 : Shared Workspaces
Dec 27, 2015
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 1 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
Module 7 :
Shared Workspaces
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 2 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
Collaboration ProcessCollaboration ProcessGroupwareGroupware
informal
formal
Workflows
Bureaucratic processes
Collaborative problem solving
Video-conferencing
Synchronous Text Communication
Conversation
Shared Context
Shared Space
?
Audio-conferencing
Tangibles, RoomWare
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 3 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
informal
formal
Workflows Bureaucratic processes
Collaborative problem solving
Video-conferencing
Synchronous Text Communication
Conversation
Shared Context
Shared Space
?
Audio-conferencing
METHODS
What do we observe?
• division of labor
• quality of interactions
• grounding
• task performance
• user satisfaction
How do we analyze ?
• Visualization (D1)
• Inferential statistics (D2)
• Qualitative analysis (D3)
METHODS
What do we observe?
• division of labor
• quality of interactions
• grounding
• task performance
• user satisfaction
How do we analyze ?
• Visualization (D1)
• Inferential statistics (D2)
• Qualitative analysis (D3)
DESIGNDESIGN
Collaboration ProcessCollaboration ProcessGroupwareGroupware
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 4 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
informal
formal
Collaborative problem solving
Shared Workspaces
• Text editors
• Concept map
• Workspaces
• File Repositories
Collaboration ProcessCollaboration ProcessGroupwareGroupware
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 5 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
informal
formal
Explicit regulation of the control
Collaboration ProcessCollaboration ProcessGroupwareGroupware
Turn Taking
FirstCome,FirstServed: Temp. Object locking mechanisms
Project Managment
Conversation
Application
Object
Granularity
Flexibility
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 6 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
informal
formal
Collaboration ProcessCollaboration ProcessGroupwareGroupware
Turn Taking
Coordination
AWARENESS Tools
Spatial Metaphor
Private / public
Mutual Modelling
Rights
User Administration
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 7 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
Task Space
Reflection Space Discussion Space
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informal
formal
Collaboration ProcessCollaboration ProcessGroupwareGroupware
Grouding
Deictics
Explain
Shared Task
Representation
CHAT
Explain
Audio
Acknowledge
Acknowledge
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 9 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
> " Hi colleague
> ' Where are you?
> ask MS about last night
> look gun
> ask MS about last gun
> read insurance
> read all from DN2
> read Hans from DN2
> compare DN1 with DN2
MOO Whiteboard
> " skjhkjh
dfsdfsf
> ask Helmut about last night
> ask MS about mona
> look painting
> read all from DN1
> read Hans from DN1
> compare DN1 with DN1
MOO Whiteboard
20 pairs
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 10 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
Restaurant
Kitchen
Private
Bar
Room5 Room6 Room7 Room8
Room1 Room2 Room3 Room4
Lobby Entrance
MLVMLVLisa JonesClaire & Rolf
Loretan
Colonel Von Schneider
Lucie Salève Heidi Zeller
Hans Wenger
Marie Salève
Oscar Salève
Jacques Salève
Giuzeppe Vesuvio
Ski jacketSki jacket
GunGun
PaintingPainting
InsuranceInsurance
NoteNote
Gun OylsterGun Oylster
PhoneLogPhoneLog
RegistryRegistry
WHO KILLED MONA-LISA?WHO KILLED MONA-LISA?
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 11 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
MOOAuberge Guest Room: 4You enter a largue blue room with a small window. You see Helmut, Ski Jacket, and Gun here.Obvious Exits: Out (to Lower Corridor).> look gunYou see an old Swiss army pistol.> ask helmut about last nightI stayed at the bar until 9 Pm and then went to bed.> page sherlock Interesting isn't? Sherlock has received your page.He pages « He lies ».Sherlock joins you.
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 12 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
??How does the whiteboard help to
• ground utterances
• share solutions
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 13 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 14 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 15 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
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Whiteboard roles:
• envisionning solutions
• grouding utterances
• explanatory schema
• deictics
• shared memory
• regulation
> " skjhkjh
dfsdfsf
> ask Helmut about last night
> ask MS about mona
> look painting
> read all from DN1
> read Hans from DN1
> compare DN1 with DN1
MOO Whiteboard
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 17 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
The whiteboard is the central space
for sharing information
(in this task)
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 18 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
Communication8% Facts
14%
Inferences41%
Management33%
Technical4%
Communication8% Facts
14%
Inferences41%
Management33%
Technical4%
Communication1%
Facts49%Inferences
41%
Management9%
Communication1%
Facts49%Inferences
41%
Management9%
Persistent Non-Persistent
Persistent
Non Persistent
Display
Kn
owle
dge
Whiteboard
MOO dialogues
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 19 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
informal
formal
Workflows Bureaucratic processes
Collaborative problem solving
Video-conferencing
Synchronous Text Communication
Shared UnderstandingShared Understanding
Shared Context
Shared Task Shared Task RepresentationRepresentation
?
Audio-conferencing
Collaboration ProcessCollaboration ProcessGroupwareGroupware
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 20 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
0.37
0.06
0.50
0.38
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Talk Whiteboard
Facts
Inferences
Rat
e of
ack
now
ledg
men
t
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 21 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
Levels of GroundingIf agent A wants to communicate information X to agent B, A may get different
information/feedback about the extent to which B shares X:
(Level 1) Access:A can infer that B can (not) access X
For instance, in a virtual space, if A knows that B is in room 7 and that information X is available in room 7, then A knows that B can access X. If A knows that X is only available in Room 8, and B is not in room 8, A knows B can’t access X.
(Level 2) PerceptionA can infer that B has (not) perceived X
For instance, if A writes a note on the whiteboard and B moves that note, A can infer that B has seen it (and probably read it). Lack of perception is harder to infer, except for cases of lack of access or behaviour that is inconsistent with understanding, when understanding is simple given perception.
(Level 3) UnderstandingA can infer that B has (mis-)understood X
For instance, in a virtual space, if A says "let's ask him a few questions" and B moves to the room where "him" is located, then A can infer that B knows who has been referred to as 'him'. If B goes to the wrong room, or asks for repair, A can infer misunderstanding or lack of understanding.
(level 4) AgreementA can infer that B (dis-)agrees on X.
For instance, if A proposes B goes to room 7 and B goes there, A can infer that B agrees. If A writes a note on the whiteboard and B draws a red cross on the top this note[1], A can infer that B disagrees.
Dillenbourg & Tramn
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 22 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
Deg
ree
of s
hare
dnes
s
Acces
Visibility
Understanding
Agreement
Fact
s in
whi
tebo
ard
Fact
s in
talk
Infe
renc
es in
talk
Infe
renc
es in
whi
tebo
ard
0.37
0.06
0.50
0.38
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Talk Whiteboard
Facts
Inferences
Rat
e of
ack
now
ledg
men
t
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 23 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
Grounding varies according to Grounding varies according to
-The mediumThe medium
- The role of this piece of The role of this piece of information in problem solvinginformation in problem solving
CSCW – Module 7 – Page 24 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova
informal
formal
Workflows Bureaucratic processes
Collaborative problem solving
Video-conferencing
Synchronous Text Communication
Shared UnderstandingShared Understanding
Shared Context
Shared Task Shared Task RepresentationRepresentation
?
Audio-conferencing
Intensive and Specifc
Grounding
Mechanisms
Intensive and Specifc
Grounding
Mechanisms
Collaboration ProcessCollaboration ProcessGroupwareGroupware