8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
1/31
Visibility Monitoring usingVisibility Monitoring usingMobile PhonesMobile Phones
Sameera Poduri, Anoop Nimkar
and Gaurav S. Sukhatme
Department of Computer Science
University of Southern California
Presented by:
Andrew Arbini
Brandon Gozick
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
2/31
Problem Definition0 As pollution around the
world increases, monitoring
air visibility is important for
our health as well as the
environment.
0 Develop an air visibility sensing system that uses off-
the-shelf sensors and can be easily deployed to beused by a large number of people.
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
3/31
Introduction
0 Airborne particulate matter is a
serious threat to both our health
and environment.0 Air quality
0 Driving Safety
0 Tourism
0 Manmade air pollution has decreased visibility:
0 West Coast 44% (140 miles to 55 miles)
0 East Coast 22% (90 miles to 20 miles)
0 Air Visibility Monitoring Stations are low in number!
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
4/31
Introduction
0 Particulate Matter
(PM2.5 & PM10)
0 Causes 22-55k deathsper year
0 Asthma
0 Heart disease
0Lung cancer
0 Cardiovascular issues
0 Premature Death
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
5/31
Introduction
0 (a) California Air Quality by County
0 (b) California Monitoring Stations
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
6/31
Hardware and Sensors0 HTC G1 3.1 megapixel camera
0 Any Smartphone containing:
0 Camera
0 Accelerometer
0 Magnetometer
0 Optional
0 GPS
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
7/31
Software0 Created and tested using Android 1.5 SDK
0 Camera has fixed focal length
0 Preset, no zoom
0 Camera and Orientation API
0RGB image is segmented by user and sent to server
tagged with:
0 Location, weather conditions, time0 Accelerometer, magnetometer, GPS
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
8/31
System Overview
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
9/31
System Architecture0 Mobile Phone
0 GPS, time Solar Position
0 Accelerometer + Magnetometer Orientation0 Sky Segmentation
0 Server
0 Matlab
0Luminance prediction0Radiometric correction
0Turbidity
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
10/31
System Architecture
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
11/31
Methodology0 User takes a picture of sky
0 Orientation roll is less than 5
0 User segments/crops picture sky pixels
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
12/31
Turbidity0 What is it?
0 The measure of the fraction of light scattering due to
haze as opposed to molecules.
0 Turbidity (T)
0 Vertical optical thickness (tm)
0 Vertical optical thickness of the haze atmosphere (th)
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
13/31
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
14/31
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
15/31
Visibility Estimation
0 t Turbidity value
0 Intensity, I, computed from RGB values
0 I = 0.2126R + 0.7152G + 0.0722B
0 Turbidity increases as the Luminance Ratio increases
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
16/31
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
17/31
Particulate Matter &
Turbidity0 PM and T averaged over 50 days in Los Angeles
0 PM concentration peaks in morning (traffic)
0 PM and Turbidity are directly proportional
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
18/31
Air QualityIndex (AQ
I)
United States Environmental Protection Agency: Air Quality (2009)
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
19/31
Air QualityIndex (AQ
I)
Allentown, Pennsylvania
Average AQI of United States 2009
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
20/31
Experiments0 Static Camera for test samples and easy analysis
0 Mobile Phone0 Camera
0 Accelerometer
0 GPS
0 Magnetometer
0 HTC G1
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
21/31
Static Camera0 South Mountain Web Camera - Phoenix
0 Altadena Weather Station Altadena, San Gabriel Valley
0 USC Rooftop Camera Station Los Angeles
0 HTC G1 with weather-proof box
0 Logs images every 15 minutes
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
22/31
Static Camera0 South Mountain
Camera
overlookingPhoenix
0 t = turbidity
0 Good, t=2
0 Fair, t=3
0 Poor, t=6
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
23/31
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
24/31
Clear vs. Hazy
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
25/31
Application
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
26/31
Application
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
27/31
Application0 Collective Database (Server)
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
28/31
Improvements
0 Calculated turbidity value correlates to measured AQI
and Smog/Hazy days very well.
0 More phone deployment for a bigger user database
0 iPhone, Blackberry, Windows Mobile, and more Android
phones
0 Application currently does not function correctly
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
29/31
Related Work
0 Image processing based visibility mapping
0 Mixed computational analysis
0 Air quality mapping using mobile phones
0 Embedded environmental sensors
0 Sky Model based Camera Calibration
0 Stationary camera
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
30/31
Questions | Comments
8/8/2019 CSCE5520 Visibility Pollution Monitoring
31/31
R
eferences0 http://www.epa.gov/air/
0 S. Poduriand A. Nimkar and S. Sukhatme(2010),
Visibility monitoring using mobile phones,University of Southern California, Robotics Embedded
Systems Laboratory.
0 J. Lalonde, S. Narasimhan and A. Efros (2010), What
do the sun and the sky tell us about the
camera? International Journal on Computer Vision, vol.
88, pp 22-51.