Drexel University 1 CS 451 Software Engineering Yuanfang Cai Room 104, University Crossings 215.895.0298 [email protected]
Drexel University 1
CS 451 Software Engineering
Yuanfang Cai
Room 104, University Crossings
215.895.0298
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Project Management - Topics
Schedules And Gantt Charts
Project Milestones
How to Organize Your Team Surgical or Democratic Team?
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Schedules And Gantt Charts
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Schedules And Gantt Charts
What is a schedule? A schedule is:
A listing of planned events Properties:
Ordered by time Shows dependencies between tasks Might show assignment of tasks to personnel
Planned events tied to milestones
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How To Make A Project Schedule Identify the individual component tasks for each
phase or spiral Estimate the size of tasks and amount of time
required Identify dependencies between tasks:
What inputs are required for each task? In what previous task are these inputs created?
Define milestones: High-level milestones Intermediate milestones Low-level milestones (separate personal schedule
document)
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Gantt Charts A tabular notation to document schedule Rows represent task ids and names (listed in
order). Columns—many variations and many optional
notations: Start-date column, end-date column Task duration column (how long? Hours, days, etc.) Task assignment column (who is doing this?) Task completion: percentage-complete column, or a
line through the task bar
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Gantt Charts Columns—many variations and many optional
notations (continued): Timeline—may be in terms of days, weeks, months,
quarters, etc. In the timeline, a task bar indicates duration of task. Milestones (aka checkpoints) shown like a task and a
task bar, but with a special symbol. Summary “tasks” and bars: higher-level name showing
a collection of related tasks (e.g. requirements analysis, or any “phase” or spiral)
Vertical line showing today's date
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Comments On Example Chart Two “summary” tasks: requirements analysis
and requirements specification (note the yellow triangles on the ends of the bars)
Timeline: days in a month Duration column: in days, hours Purple-lines in task bars indicate how much is
completed Vertical line shows today's date (task 3 is late!)
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Comments On Example Chart Milestones: black diamonds, duration of zero “Who” column shows personnel assignments Task dependencies: arrows from one task to
another: First task must be completed before the second
starts Milestones depend on preceding task(s) Tool automatically adjusts chart according to
durations, dependencies
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Tool Support For Gantt Charts
Microsoft Project: Data file standard: MPX Files (“Ms Project
eXchange”) Visio:
Known As “Project Timeline” Diagram Can Import/export Data In Mpx Format
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Project Milestones
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Advice On Milestones For team projects Milestones often tied to sign-off (after review) of major
work-products, such as: Project management plan document Software requirements specification (SRS) document Design document Stage 1 code released (stage 2,...) Final product released
Milestones Must Be Visible To Management, Possibly Customer
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Milestones
Part of top-down approach Break large project into small problems, each of
which can be estimated and planned A milestone is:
An objectively identifiable point in a project Good checkpoints are:
Clear, unambiguous, crisp, verifiable Binary: done or not done
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Milestones
“Coding is 90% complete”: In terms of time, or loc? How do you know?
“Program is designed”: What’s this mean? In your head, or on paper? Has it been reviewed, agreed upon?
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Milestones—Good Examples
Design document reviewed Design document signed-off by management System software successfully passes integration
test data suite Specification document approved by customer All risks determined at last process review
addressed and resolved
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How to Organize Your Team
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Group/Team Structure Differences between programmers:
Productivity: 10:1 Program Speed: 5:1
What if we only hire top people?
Efficiency + Conceptual Integrity vs. Large System
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Group/Team Structure Democratic Team or Surgical Team? A Surgical Team
The Surgeon –-Chief architect, Design and Impl The Copilot ---Impl, Testing, etc The Administrator ---Version control, plan, testing The Program clerk The Editor Two Secretaries The Tool Smith The Tester The language Laywer
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Summary How to plan your project using a Gantt Chart
The concept of milestone
Surgical Team vs. Democratic Team
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Reminder: Reading Homework:
"No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering", by Frederick P. Brooks.
"The Mythical Man Month" by Frederick P. Brooks. Next Tuesday Quiz on papers Term project presentation
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Term Project Presentation Project description
List all the functions of the project What are the input/output How will the user interact with it Web based? Standalone App? Mobile App?
Team member roles The Surgeon –-Chief architect, Design, Document and Impl The Copilot ---Impl, Testing, Document, etc The Administrator ---Version control, plan, testing The Tester
Project plan in a Gantt Chart with at least 4 milestones
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