Kap. 2 Kap. 2 Chemical Chemical bonding bonding Ionic bonding Van der Waals bonding Metal bonding Covalent bonding Crystalline materials show a range of different bond types: Blended Blended Ionic bonding Ions are charged species Cl Na O C O O 2 E bond = E electro - E rep Cl Na Na Madelung energy r ( )( ) r e r e e E e 0 2 0 4 4 πε − = πε − + = Like charges repell each other ( ) ( ) e ioniccharg Geometry r e E e × × πε − = 0 2 4 2 0 2 A 4 Z r e N E e α πε − =