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CRYSTAL-FACE &
MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) Retrievals of cloud thermodynamic phase, optical thickness, and particle
size
S. Platnick1, M. D. King1, J. Riedi2, S. Ackerman3, G. T. Arnold1,4, J. Dinsick1,4,M. Gray1,4, E. Moody1,4, G. Wind1,4, M. Fitzgerald5, J. Myers5
1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 2 Laboratoire d’Optique Atmospherique, U. Lille, 3U. Wisconsin, Madison, 4 EER Systems, 5NASA Ames Research Center
MODIS Atmosphere Team RetreatSt. Michaels MD18 March 2003
adapted from C-F STM, Salt Lake City UT, 26 Feb. 2003 et al.
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Outline• Overview of CRYSTAL-FACE
• The MODIS Airborne Simulator
– overview
– calibration
• Data
– web site and quicklook imagery, L1B
• Case study examples
• Future efforts
S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003
XX
NewNew
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C-F Aircraft PlatformsER-2: remote sensing of cirrus, aerosols, gases, radiative flux
Platnick, Newman, King
Proteus: remote sensing of cirrus, aerosols, gasesBill Smith, Allen Larar (LaRC)
CIRPAS Twin Otter: in situ boundary layer, radiative fluxRick Flagan (CalTech)
UND Citation: in situ sampling below/lower anvil (crystals,ice nuclei, water vapor)
Mike Poellet (UND)
WB-57: in situ sampling above/upper anvil(crystals, aerosols, tracers, water vapor, radiative flux)
Randy Friedl (JPL), Marty Ross
NRL P-3: Eldora doppler radarHans Verlinde (PSU)
S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003
80 ms-1, 19 kft, 5 hrs
200 ms-1, 70 kft, 8 hrs
175 ms-1, 58 kft, 6 hrs
185 ms-1, 62 kft, 6.5 hrs
120-170 ms-1, 43 kft, 3.5 hrs
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Microwave Temp. Profiler (MTP) Mahoney (JPL)
Microwave Temp. Profiler (MTP) Mahoney (JPL)
Cloud Radar System (CRS)
Heymsfield (GSFC), Mace (Utah)
Cloud Radar System (CRS)
Heymsfield (GSFC), Mace (Utah)
Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) McGill (GSFC)
Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) McGill (GSFC)
Solar Spectral Flux Radiometers (SSFR) Pilewskie (Ames)
Solar Spectral Flux Radiometers (SSFR) Pilewskie (Ames)
ER-2 Doppler Radar(EDOP)
ER-2 Doppler Radar(EDOP)
superpod,
(unpressurized aft)
centerline pod
Q-bay, E-bay
nose cone
superpod
Conical Scanning Sub-mm wave Imaging Radiometer
(CoSSIR) Wang (GSFC), Evans (CU)
Conical Scanning Sub-mm wave Imaging Radiometer
(CoSSIR) Wang (GSFC), Evans (CU)
MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) King (GSFC), Platnick (UMBC)
MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) King (GSFC), Platnick (UMBC)
Radiation Meas. System (RAMS) Valero (Scripps) Radiation Meas. System (RAMS) Valero (Scripps)
S-20
Vaisala DropsondeHalverson (UMBC), Starr (GSFC)
Vaisala DropsondeHalverson (UMBC), Starr (GSFC)
Meteorological Meas. System(MMS) Bui (Ames)
Meteorological Meas. System(MMS) Bui (Ames)
JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) Herman (JPL)
JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) Herman (JPL)
same
proposal
rt. eng. cheek
CRYSTAL-FACE ER-2 Instrument Payload
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ER-2, Proteus payload is an “A-train” simulator: Aqua (MAS, SSFR, RAMS, NAST-I/M), CloudSat (CRS), Calipso (CPL), Parasol (POLDER, RSP), …
Satellites intercomparisons of interest:
Aqua (18 April 2002, 1330 local): MODIS, CERES, AIRS, AMSR-E
Terra (1030 local): MODIS, CERES, MISR, ASTER
Envisat (March 2002, 1000 local): interest from SCIAMACHY team (also flies AATSR, MERIS)
ER-2/Proteus platform synergy
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Key West Naval Air Station
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S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003
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Ground Sites:
remote sensing (radar, lidar, radiometers, etc.)
Western site: PARSL (PNNL Atmospheric Remote Sensing Laboratory) - Everglades City
94, 35 GHz, lidar, radiosondes, radiometers, met, etc NPOL (NASA polarimetric radar) - Big Cypress National Preserve
Eastern Site:Tamiami airport
Miami 94 GHz radar, ceilometer, IR, met data; Tsay SMART
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PicturesWB-57: 7-13-02
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PicturesWB-57: 7-13-02
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PicturesWB-57: 7-13-02
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PicturesWB-57: 7-13-02
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PicturesER-2: 7-19-02
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PicturesKW NAF hangar 591
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Picturessea-going vessels
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23 July case studyER-2 flight tracks
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MAS 1.88 µm band23 July 2002
(from MAS web site)
ft08(1939 UTC
start)ft09
(2004) ft10(2031)
ft11(2059)
ft13(2138)
ft14(2204)
NNE (~34°)
LakeLakeOkeechobeeOkeechobee
Good case to study cloud evolution!
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Selected histograms - particle size
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effective radius (µm)
Ice Clouds Water Clouds0 3010 2010 3523
optical thickness0 6020 400 7035
MAS opticalthickness
MAS effectiveradius (µm)
CRS nadir radar reflectivity (Heymsfield, Li)
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MAS26 July, Fl07
southern sortie(coordination w/WB-57)
~ 7
2 km
Good case to supplement w/IR retrievals (Shaima)!
In situ WB-57 particle distributions available
(A. Heymsfield)
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MAS, 16 July, Fl08, western gnd. site coordination
~ 4
8 km
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slide from T. Garrett, C-F STM Feb.
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MAS - future activities
• Optical/microphysical retrieval issues
– thin cirrus limitations: sun glint, surface reflectance
– ice scattering radiative transfer libraries
– comparison with other instruments/techniques, including:
Remote: IR techniques (MAS/MODIS/AIRS); Radar/lidar (CRS, EDOP, CPL): water path, particle size, extinction; AirPOLDER, RSP: phase, directional properties
In situ: CIN, size distributions, et al.
• Science - why do these retrievals matter?
– Scaling up to satellite retrievals
– Applications in a broad range of small scale cloud microphysical issues (water path, size, etc.), CR modeling
– Linkage w/radiative flux is g, which is NOT DERIVABLE FROM re ALONE (unlike water (Mie) droplets)
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Southern FL spectral surface albedo from MODIS(derived from product MOD43, ~1.7 km resolution,
diffuse sky, 8/2001, E. Moody)
0.65 µm MODIS band 2.13 µm
vis reflectance
for c=0.5 ~ 0.03
shallowwaters
w. gnd. site
0.86 µm
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MAS - future activities
• Optical/microphysical retrieval issues
– thin cirrus limitations: sun glint, surface reflectance
– ice scattering radiative transfer libraries
– comparison with other instruments/techniques, including:
Remote: IR techniques (MAS/MODIS/AIRS); Radar/lidar (CRS, EDOP, CPL): water path, particle size, extinction; AirPOLDER, RSP: phase, directional properties
In situ: CIN, size distributions, et al.
• Science - why do these retrievals matter?
– Scaling up to satellite retrievals
– Applications in a broad range of small scale cloud microphysical issues (water path, size, etc.), CR modeling
– Linkage w/radiative flux is g, which is NOT DERIVABLE FROM re ALONE (unlike water (Mie) droplets)
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MAS instrument overview
• Scanning, grating spectrometer with 4 optical ports– Operated by NASA Ames Airborne Sensor Facility (J. Myers, M. Fitzgerald)
50 spectral bands (v. 36 MODIS bands) including:
0.65, 0.86, 0.94, 1.61, 1.64, 1.88, 2.1, 3.7, 11 µm bold=MAS only
50 m spatial resolution (at ground, nominal ER-2 altitude), ± 43° scan
• Calibration– Ames Calibration lab (P. Hajek)
– Radiometric
Thermal bands: on-board blackbody
Solar reflective bands: pre/post-deployment laboratory calibration, field ground-based measurements for trend monitoring
– Spectral
Pre/post-deployment laboratory calibration
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MAS instrument cloud algorithms
MODIS heritage algorithms
Cloud mask: U. Wisconsin (S. Ackerman, et al.)
Cloud optical & microphysical properties (optical thickness, effective particle size (~ <V>/<Acs>), water path, thermodynamic phase): NASA
GSFC (King, Platnick, et al.)
• Primary particle size retrieval from 2.1 µm band
• Optical thickness information from 0.65 µm (land), 0.86 µm (ocean)
• Thermodynamic phase derived from combination of cloud mask tests, IR bispectral (B. Baum), and SWIR bands (J. Riedi)
• Ice cloud radiative transfer libraries: 12 distributions, combination of 4 habits as a function of size - (P. Yang, A. Heymsfield, et al.)
• Surface albedo derived from MODIS albedo & ecosystem products (Boston U., Strahler, Schaff, et al.)
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MAS information, data
• Web site:– MAS quicklook, ER-2 mission summaries, flight tracks, etc.
http://mas.arc.nasa.gov/data/deploy_html/crystalfacehome.html• Data
– L1B data (calibrated, geolocated) archived in HDF(4), by ER-2 straight line
flight track: http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/fieldexp/MAS/
– L2 products (cloud mask, thermodynamic phase, optical thickness/particle size retrievals) available on request
– Requested case studies processed to date, selected flight tracks:
23, 29 July (L. Li, G. Heymsfield, McGill, Starr) - developing convection over peninsula
26 July (A. Heymsfield) - southern sortie
13 July (Jensen) - thin cirrus
16, 23 July (Mace) - western gnd. site observations
9, 11, 29 July (Di Girolamo) - Terra/MISR
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MAS & ER-2 SSFR (Pilewskie): 9 July 2002
1835 UTC
1901 UTC
350 nm 1700 nm
Albedo