Crude oil washing system

Crude Oil Washing Crude Oil Washing SystemSystem

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Crude Oil Crude Oil Washing Washing SystemSystem

Crude oil washingCrude oil washing (COW) is rinsing the residue (COW) is rinsing the residue from the storage tanks of an oil tanker using the from the storage tanks of an oil tanker using the

crude oil cargo itself, after the cargo storage crude oil cargo itself, after the cargo storage tanks have been cleared. Crude oil is pumped tanks have been cleared. Crude oil is pumped

back and preheated in the slop tanks, then back and preheated in the slop tanks, then sprayed back through high tension nozzles in sprayed back through high tension nozzles in the freight storage tanks onto the walls of the the freight storage tanks onto the walls of the

tank. tank.


Due to the sticky nature of the crude oil, the oil Due to the sticky nature of the crude oil, the oil hold on to the storage tank wall surfaces, and hold on to the storage tank wall surfaces, and

such oil adds to the cargo 'Remaining on board' such oil adds to the cargo 'Remaining on board' (the ROB). By COW the containers, the amount (the ROB). By COW the containers, the amount

of ROB is substantially reduced. With the of ROB is substantially reduced. With the existing high expense of oil, the financial existing high expense of oil, the financial

savings are substantial, both for the Charterer savings are substantial, both for the Charterer as well as the Ship owner. as well as the Ship owner.


If the cargo ROB is regarded as 'liquid and If the cargo ROB is regarded as 'liquid and pumpable' then the charterers could assert from pumpable' then the charterers could assert from the owner for any cargo loss. It replaced the lots the owner for any cargo loss. It replaced the lots on the top and seawater washing systems, both on the top and seawater washing systems, both of which involved led releasing oil-contaminated of which involved led releasing oil-contaminated

water right into the sea.water right into the sea.

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Crude Oil Crude Oil Washing SystemWashing System



HistoryHistory

HistoryHistory

Even with load on top there is still some oil in Even with load on top there is still some oil in the released water from the slop tank. Beginning the released water from the slop tank. Beginning in the 1970s, efficient tools using crude oil itself in the 1970s, efficient tools using crude oil itself for washing started to change the water-based for washing started to change the water-based cleaning, resulting in the existing technique of cleaning, resulting in the existing technique of

crude oil cleaning. This minimizes the remaining crude oil cleaning. This minimizes the remaining deliberate discharge of oil-contaminated water deliberate discharge of oil-contaminated water

as well as raises the amount of cargo as well as raises the amount of cargo discharged, supplying an additional benefit to discharged, supplying an additional benefit to

the cargo proprietor.the cargo proprietor.

HistoryHistory

Modern vessels likewise use segregated Modern vessels likewise use segregated ballast storage tanks and these ballast storage tanks and these

eliminate the issue of discharge of oily eliminate the issue of discharge of oily ballast water.ballast water.

HistoryHistory

Crude oil cleaning (COW) is a system where oil Crude oil cleaning (COW) is a system where oil tanks on a tanker are cleared out between tanks on a tanker are cleared out between

voyages not with water but with crude oil - the voyages not with water but with crude oil - the cargo itself. The solvent action of the crude oil cargo itself. The solvent action of the crude oil makes the cleansing process far more effective makes the cleansing process far more effective

than when water is made use of. (There is than when water is made use of. (There is normally a final water rinse but the amount of normally a final water rinse but the amount of water involved is reduced.) The system helps water involved is reduced.) The system helps

avoid contamination of the seas from avoid contamination of the seas from operational measures.operational measures.







Disadvantages with Water WashingDisadvantages with Water Washing

Disadvantages with Disadvantages with Water WashingWater Washing

As vessel sizes increased and also much more As vessel sizes increased and also much more strict policies versus oil pollution were applied, it strict policies versus oil pollution were applied, it was understood that water washing alone is an was understood that water washing alone is an inferior container cleaning approach. WHOLE inferior container cleaning approach. WHOLE LOT (Load On Top), no matter how full and LOT (Load On Top), no matter how full and advanced it may be, can never eliminate the advanced it may be, can never eliminate the great disadvantages with water cleaning great disadvantages with water cleaning compared to COW:compared to COW:

Disadvantages with Disadvantages with Water WashingWater Washing

Longer time for washing each storage Longer time for washing each storage tank, leading to maximized bunker tank, leading to maximized bunker expenses.expenses.

Handling bigger quantities of water is Handling bigger quantities of water is expensive and also induces maximized expensive and also induces maximized pollution of the sea given that the water is pollution of the sea given that the water is contaminated with oil, even when WHOLE contaminated with oil, even when WHOLE LOT procedures are utilized.LOT procedures are utilized.

Increased rust as a result of substantial Increased rust as a result of substantial water washing.water washing.




Crude Oil Washing SystemCrude Oil Washing System



Development of Crude Oil WashingDevelopment of Crude Oil Washing

Development of Crude Development of Crude Oil WashingOil Washing

The introduction of load on top was a The introduction of load on top was a good contribution to the fight versus good contribution to the fight versus aquatic pollution but it did not entirely aquatic pollution but it did not entirely get rid of contamination arising from get rid of contamination arising from storage tank cleaning operations. storage tank cleaning operations. Although the quantity as well as rate of Although the quantity as well as rate of discharge is carefully managed, the discharge is carefully managed, the process still resulted in some pollution process still resulted in some pollution occurring.occurring.


In the late 1970s an improvement was presented. Instead of using water, the container cleaning machines relied on crude oil - in other words, the cargo itself. When shot into the debris holding on to the storage tank walls, the oil merely liquefied them, turning them back right into usable oil that can be pumped off with the rest of the cargo.


There was no requirement for slop tanks to be utilized since the process left virtually no slops. The process ended up being referred to as Crude Oil Washing (COW).


Crude Oil Washing indicated that the mixture of oil and water, which previously resulted in a lot functional pollution, was practically ended. At the same time, the proprietor is able to release far more of this cargo than previously, considering that much less of it is left holding on to the storage tank wall surfaces and bottoms.




Crude Oil Washing SystemCrude Oil Washing System



Advantages with COWAdvantages with COW


Since that equipment and treatments are well adapted for COW, the following advantages are obtained in contrast with water washing:

Substantial reduction in air pollution capacity since less oil continues to be aboard after discharge and also much less oil-contaminated water is handed throughout the ballast passage


* Reductions in time and price of container cleansing.* Desludging manually prevented.* Minimized container cleansing time at sea.* Boosted out-turn of payload.* Decreased dead freight as less oil-water slops are kept on board.* Less seawater discharged to refineries.* Decreased storage tank rust caused by water washing.




Crude oil washing system

Engineering

crude oil cargo

oil tankerresidue

thecrude oil

boardsuch oil

oil ineven

crude oil isstorage

releasing oilcontaminatedof

cargo storage tanks