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Summary of analysis for T12 cross flow turbineName of plant: Dharadi MHP VDC: Chinnebas District: Gross head in m: 10.00 Net head at design flow in m: 9.44 Design flow in liter/sec: 105Penstock length in m 20 Penstock diameter in mm: 250 Min. plate thickness in mm: 1.98Generator RPM 1500 Max generator kVA per kW: 1.32 Max generator efficiency in %: 81.5%Input data for turbine are entered in the sheet "Proposed turbine" Data entry is restricted to yellow fields only, as other fields contains formulas.
Specific Speed n11 RPM 35 38 41 45 36.92Design RPM 355 385 416 416 378Runner diameter D (mm) 300 300 300 300 300Runner width W (mm) 189 183 178 169 160Max efficiency (%) 68.97 70.73 71.74 70.70 70.15Efficiency at design flow (%) 68.91 70.70 71.60 70.55 71.02Efficiency at 50 % design flow (%) 61.06 60.79 59.68 56.88 62.08Design flow in % of max turbine Q 70.00 72.00 74.30 78.00 73.37Design Flow Qdesign (l/s) 120.45 120.45 120.45 120.45 105.00Maximum turbine Qmax (l/s) 164.74 160.95 156.76 149.32 143.11Turbine output at Qdesign (kW) 7.54 7.73 7.83 7.72 6.90Turbine output at Qmax (kW) 8.41 8.36 8.29 8.14 7.55Generator output at Qdesign (kW) 6.13 6.30 6.38 6.29 5.40Maximum generator kW 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 5.88Minimum generator size (kVA) *) 9.06 9.00 8.92 8.75 8.08Generator size Qmax=>Qdesign (kVA) *) 8.07 8.29 8.40 10.00 7.11*)Limiting max opening to Qdesign may reduce generator size and load controller size!
34 36 38 40 42 44 46
68.00
69.00
70.00
71.00
72.00
Turbine efficiency at optimum flow
Efficiency Polynomial (Efficiency)Actual
Specific Speed n11 RPM
%
34 36 38 40 42 44 46
0.00
100.00
200.00
Design & maximum flow
Design flow Linear (Design flow)
Max flow Polynomial (Max flow)
Specific speed n11 RPM
m3/
s
34 36 38 40 42 44 46
7.00
7.20
7.40
7.60
7.80
8.00
8.20
8.40
8.60
Turbine kW
kW at Qdesign Polynomial (kW at Qdesign)
kW at Pmax Polynomial (kW at Pmax)
Specific speed n11 RPM
kW
34 36 38 40 42 44 46
0
100
200
300
400
Runner width & diameter
Runner width Polynomial (Runner width)
Runner diameter Polynomial (Runner diameter)
Specific speed n11 RPM
mm
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
n11=41 turbine kW Actual turbine kW 41 Gen kW Actual Gen kW
Flow in l/s
Tu
rbin
e &
Ge
ne
rato
r k
W
34 36 38 40 42 44 46
0
100
200
300
400
Runner width & diameter
Runner width Polynomial (Runner width)
Runner diameter Polynomial (Runner diameter)
Specific speed n11 RPM
mm
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
n11=41 turbine kW Actual turbine kW 41 Gen kW Actual Gen kW
Flow in l/s
Tu
rbin
e &
Ge
ne
rato
r k
W
34 36 38 40 42 44 46
68.00
69.00
70.00
71.00
72.00
Turbine efficiency at optimum flow
Efficiency Polynomial (Efficiency)Actual
Specific Speed n11 RPM
%
Output Verification of Cross Flow Turbine Date: 11 September 2013
Actual specification & measures of plant installed Data in yellow fields to be entered by user!
Name of plant: selele surya Kunda pico-hydro Aayo VDC: Ghyangphedi District: Nuwakot Data in blue fields are output design data
Available minimum flow 11 months per year 141.71 l/s Data in pale blue fields are reference data
Design flow (85% of min flow) 105 l/s
10 m
20 m Practical steel pipe diameters from steel plate dimensions:
250 mm 4' wide plate=> 390 mm, 8/3' plate=> 260 mm, 2' plate=>195 mm
Max design pressure/wall thickn. 31 m 2.0 mm plate thickness at 1.5 mm corrosion loss using welded steel pipes (gradual closing)
2.140 m/s0.100 mm 140.4 75 50 25 % Dia. of belt drives
0.01570 0.01570 0.01570 0.01570 0.01570 Turb. 256 mm
0.284 m 0.559 0.160 0.071 0.018 m Gen. 100 mmTurbulence losses counted as sum of K factors 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 Transmission 3.0%
0.280 m 0.552 0.158 0.070 0.018 m Belt slip 0.8%
5.64 % or 0.564 m 1.111 0.317 0.141 0.035 m
9.436 m 8.889 9.683 9.859 9.965 m For generator kVA analysis FactorTurbine RPM 378 1/min Ambient temperature 25 1.09
300.0 mm Altitude 1.05160.0 mm ELC factor 0.83 0.83
143 l/s Power factor 0.8 0.86.90 kW T12 Unit turbine Generator kVA = Generator kW / 0.759948
Maximum turbine output 7.55 kW Runner Diameter 1000 mmGenerator RPM 960 1/min Net head 1 mTransmission factor 2.56 Runner width 1000 mmGenerator efficiency at design load 81.4% Water flow, maximum 1000 l/s
5.40 kW Water flow optimum 712.48 l/s8.08 kVA RPM Specific n11 36.92 1/min
Actual rated generator size 10.00 kVA Efficiency optimum 70.15 %
0.86292 8 0.813570.94363 8 0.81368
Gross head in meters hgross
Lenght of penstock Lpipe
Diameter of penstock dpen
Water velocity in penstock vpen Hnet calculation for part load in %
Roughness value k for penstock after 5 - 15 years
Approximate friction factor fWall friction loss hwall loss
Turbine entrance loss hturb loss
Total friction loss hfric
Turbine head Hnet
Runner diameter DRunner lenght LMaximum flow Qmax
Turbine output at Qdesign
Generator output at Qdesign
Minimum generator size for Pmax
20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Turbine & generator output versus flow
Est. Turb kW Est. Gen kW
Flow through turbine (l/s)
Tu
rbin
e &
ge
ne
rato
r o
utp
ut
in k
W
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Increment in power production by increasing flow (dP/dQ) compared to P/Q
dP/dQ P/Q
Water flow through turbine Q (l/s)
kW
/(l/s
)
20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00
50.00%
55.00%
60.00%
65.00%
70.00%
75.00%
80.00%
Turbine Efficiency
Expected
Discharge
20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Turbine & generator output versus flow
Est. Turb kW Est. Gen kW
Flow through turbine (l/s)
Tu
rbin
e &
ge
ne
rato
r o
utp
ut
in k
W
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Increment in power production by increasing flow (dP/dQ) compared to P/Q
dP/dQ P/Q
Water flow through turbine Q (l/s)
kW
/(l/s
)
Comparison of theoretical expectations and measured field dataOutput Verification of Cross Flow Turbine - T12Name of plant: selele surya Kunda pico-hydro Aayo VDC: Ghyangphedi District: Nuwakot
Design of Cross Flow Turbine Date: 28/5-2003 Based on T12 with improved runnerAnalysis of dimensions of cross flow turbine suitable for the plant Data in yellow fields to be entered by user!
Name of plant: Dharadi MHP VDC: Chinnebas District: Data in blue fields are output design data
Available minimum flow as per the hydrological anal 141.71 l/s Data in pale blue fields are reference data
Design flow (85% of min flow) 120.4535 l/s
10 m
20 m Practical steel pipe diameters from steel plate dimensions:
250 mm 4' wide plate=> 390 mm, 8/3' plate=> 260 mm, 2' plate=>195 mm
Max design pressure/wall thic 31 m 2.0 mm plate thickness at 1.5 mm corrosion loss using welded steel pipes (gradual closing)
2.455 m/s0.100 mm 142.9 75 50 25 %
0.01570 0.01570 0.01570 0.01570 0.01570 Belt transmision loss 3.0%
0.373 m 0.762 0.210 0.093 0.023 mTurbulence losses counted as sum of K factors 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200
0.369 m 0.752 0.207 0.092 0.023 m
7.42 % or 0.742 m 1.514 0.417 0.185 0.046 m For generator kVA analysis Factor
9.258 m 8.486 9.583 9.815 9.954 m Ambient temperature 25 1.09Design RPM 355 1/min Altitude 0 1.05
300.0 mm ELC factor 0.83 0.83188.5 mm T12 Unit turbine Power factor 0.8 0.8
165 l/s Runner Diameter 1000 mm Generator kVA = Generator kW / 0.759957.54 kW Net head 1 m
Maximum turbine output 8.41 kW Runner width 1000 mmGenerator RPM 1500 1/min Water flow, maximu 1000 l/sTransmission factor 4.23 Water flow optimum 700 l/sGenerator efficiency at design load 81.3% % RPM Specific n11 35 1/min
6.13 kW Efficiency optimum 68.97 %9.06 kVA8.07 kVA
0.94994 7.935702 0.813260.94994 8.853693 0.81846
Gross head in meters hgross
Lenght of penstock Lpipe
Diameter of penstock dpen
Water velocity in penstock vpen Hnet calculation for part load in %
Roughness value k for penstock after 5 - 15 years
Approximate friction factor fWall friction loss hwall loss
Turbine entrance loss hturb loss
Total friction loss hfric
Turbine head Hnet
Runner diameter DRunner width WMaximum flow Qmax
Turbine output at Qdesign Pdesignturb
Generator output at Qdesign
Minimum generator size for PmaxMinimum generator size for Qmax=Qdesign
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Turbine & generator output versus flow
Turbine kW Generator kWFlow through turbine (l/s)
Tu
rbin
e &
gen
erat
or
ou
tpu
t in
kW
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
Efficiency versus flow
Flow through turbine l/s
Eff
icie
ncy
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
Increment in power production by increasing flow (dP/dQ) compared to P/Q
Water flow through turbine Q (l/s)
dP
/dQ
an
d P
/Q in
kW
/(l/s)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Turbine & generator output versus flow
Turbine kW Generator kWFlow through turbine (l/s)
Tu
rbin
e &
gen
erat
or
ou
tpu
t in
kW
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
Increment in power production by increasing flow (dP/dQ) compared to P/Q
Water flow through turbine Q (l/s)
dP
/dQ
an
d P
/Q in
kW
/(l/s)
76 92.85685
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
Efficiency versus flow
Flow through turbine l/s
Eff
icie
ncy
Design of Cross Flow Turbine Date: 28/5-2003 Based on T12 with improved runnerAnalysis of dimensions of cross flow turbine suitable for the plant Data in yellow fields to be entered by user!
Name of plant: Dharadi MHP VDC: Chinnebas District: Data in blue fields are output design data
Available minimum flow as per the hydrological analys 141.71 l/s Data in pale blue fields are reference data
Design flow (85% of min flow) 120.4535 l/s
10 m
20 m Practical steel pipe diameters from steel plate dimensions:
250 mm 4' wide plate=> 390 mm, 8/3' plate=> 260 mm, 2' plate=>195 mm
Max design pressure/wall thic 31 m 2.0 mm plate thickness at 1.5 mm corrosion loss using welded steel pipes (gradual closing)
2.455 m/s0.100 mm 138.9 75 50 25 %
0.01570 0.01570 0.01570 0.01570 0.01570 Belt transmision loss
0.373 m 0.720 0.210 0.093 0.023 mTurbulence losses counted as sum of K factors 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200 1.200
0.369 m 0.711 0.207 0.092 0.023 m
7.42 % or 0.742 m 1.431 0.417 0.185 0.046 m For generator kVA analysis
9.258 m 8.569 9.583 9.815 9.954 m Ambient temperature
Design RPM 385 1/min Altitude300.0 mm ELC factor183.3 mm T12 Unit turbine Power factor
161 l/s Runner Diameter 1000 mm Generator kVA = Generator kW /
7.73 kW Net head 1 mMaximum turbine output 8.36 kW Runner width 1000 mmGenerator RPM 1500 1/min Water flow, maximum 1000 l/sTransmission factor 3.89 Water flow optimum 720 l/sGenerator efficiency at design load 81.4% % RPM Specific n11 38 1/min
6.30 kW Efficiency optimum 70.73 %9.00 kVA8.29 kVA