Cross-media & interoperability CCC 040413

TATION XPKDKADK

FEBRUARY 1 2013 AARHUS UNIVERSITY

Cross-media Anja Bechmann

Crossmedia ANJA BECHMANN Associate Professor

April 4 2013 AARHUS UNIVERSITY

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[PRESENTATION ] ›  Cross-media ›  Digital Cross-media ›  Examples & my new research › 



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Cross-media

›  Cross-media: The study of strategic communication/production using more than one platform

›  Concentrating on universes with internet and mobile phones ›  Concentrating on physically integrated media (former seperated) and the challenge of connecting old and new

media

Source: Bechmann (2009). Crossmedia, PhD dissertation



FLOW DESIGN: CONTENT

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Two cross-media perspectives

Media circulation Universe communication




FLOW DESIGN: CONTROL

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Challenges in the change proces ›  New business models

›  Bundling and unbundling ›  Nuances of cope ›  Keep status as passagepoint in network ›  Control mechanisms

Bet. Beskrivelse

CAP Create and Play

DAL Discover and Link

FAD Fetch and Distribute

OAP Open and Play


Content

Content/Code



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Cross-media perspectives ›  New business models


Bet. Beskrivelse

CAP Create and Play



OAP Open and Play




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Bet. Beskrivelse

CAP Create and Play



OAP Open and Play




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Bet. Beskrivelse

CAP Create and Play



OAP Open and Play




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FLOW DESIGN: USER PARTICIPATION

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History of user influence/involvement ›  Continuation of interactivity (Jensen 1995 – tv vs. webpages):

›  Transmission – consultation, conversation, registration

›  User Production (Syvertsen 2006 tv vs. Sms-tv) ›  Reactive (little influcence), reactive (more influence), interactive (most influence)

›  User Innovation (von Hippel 2005 trad. Media vs. Open source) ›  Internal motivated, probabilistic, process/not problem solving, equipotentiality not hieararchy, granular,

small scale contribution, shared not owned content (Benkler & Bruns 2008) ›  User-led innovation: in-segment-variation (nicheproduction), tools for user innovation process,

complementary products for the user innovation

Source: Bechmann (2010). User-created tv as entertainment (in Danish).



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User involvement and crossmedia (OAP) ›  Distinguish between: Reactive ->

(productive) -> proactive Production patterns

Reactive Proactive

Unique/context sensitive

User production

User innovation

Expert solution

Coworkers Potential competition



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›  CNN and Twitter: ›  http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2009/03/19/

ic.march.twitter.bk.a.cnn



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User involvement and crossmedia (OAP) ›  Distinguish between: Reactive ->

(productive) -> proactive Production patterns

Productive Proactive

Unique/context sensitive

User User innovation

Expert solution

Coworkers Potential competition



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Digital cross-media ›  Cross-media as cross-platform & interoperability of data

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Google: Cloud computing & multiservice

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Google: Cloud computing & multiservice

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Bambuser: Live user broadcast with geotagging ›  WALKTHROUGH:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwinszmBtL4&feature=related

›  WEBSITE: http://bambuser.com/channel/glance01/broadcast/941322

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Foursquare: checkin & geotagging game

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Difference between cross-media & digital cross-media ›  “content” change ›  Business models in the traffic and number of users (attention economy) ›  Business models in the number and quality of contributions (moral economy) ›  Digitial platforms exclusively makes seamless exchange of data possible and

targeting more precise

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2012/13 RESEARCH

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DIGITAL CROSSMEDIA ›  FACEBOOK CROSS-PLATFORM & DATA INTEROPERABILITY

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›  Sutor (2011) critics the use of the term ‘interoperability’ for not taking into consideration the intent of opening up the code. He argues that we need to distinguish between actual interoperability where parties connect in symmetrical power relations and intraoperability where software providers are dominant in terms of market share, attitude or acquiescence (Sutor 2011, p. 214) and want to “suck all-important data and processing into the central software econsystem”.

›  In the case of social networks and open APIs we see the case of intraoperability where software developers agree upon an assymmetrical power relationsship where they connect to Facebook and Google, enhancing the importance of their standards and thereby making them stronger and more powerful as a passage point in the network (Castells 2009; Latour 1987; Bechmann, 2009).

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Three types of interoperability







The engaged user (Bechmann & Lomborg, New Media and Society)





Preliminary findings




Only 9,4% or 1009 out of 10,707 status updates on participants walls are made made outside Facebook status update text field on PC (Facebook Platform launched May 24, 2007 & first iphone november 2007 (wikipedia) – first data entry is from 2008 in our system




Only one update (out of 10,707) is made through Twitter (The participants have not connected the two services. Either they are not on Twitter OR it must indicate that participants do not post same updates on the two services even though it is possible)

Only six (out of 4100) news updates on their newsfeeds were sent from Twitter. This indicates that the same tendency goes for their network of friends




3,4% (362 out of 10,707) wallposts are created through Facebook for iPhone or Facebook for Android (this may indicate that even though Facebook registers increase of traffic through smartphones, this is primarily viewing/lurking activity)

10,7% (440 out of 4120) of news updates in their newsfeeds are created through Facebook for iPhone or Facebook for Android



Preliminary findings 13 out of 4120 newsfeeds was sent from Facebook for ipad 3 participants pasted 13 (out of 10707) wall posts from Facebook for ipad

(again maybe ipad is used for reading primarily) (BUT remember that Facebook for ipad is newly introduced (first wifi ipad released in US April 3 & EU May 28, 2010, wikipedia) and total wallposts are from 2008 and onwards)



Thank You!

Anja Bechmann, Head of Digital Footprints Research Group, AU

+45 5133 5138 [email protected] // @anjabechmann

Digitalfootprints.dk // @digifeet

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Cross-media & interoperability CCC 040413

Documents

beskrivelse

link fad fetch

business models

play dal discover

cloud computing

distribute

play source

platform amp