Cross Keys April. 2012 The Cross Keys The Monthly Newsletter of Lodge Houstoun St. Johnstone Walking the Road / Seeking the Light April 2012 Number 157 In this issue: Irish Royal Arch Masonry What is an Intendor? Change in the Craft Canadian Working Tools Installation of PGM Less Well Known Scottish Masons No.XII Diamond Jubilee Celebrations Lost Temples SAS and the Craft Sierra Leone and the Gambia
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Cross Keys April. 2012
The Cross Keys The Monthly Newsletter of Lodge Houstoun St. Johnstone
Walking the Road / Seeking the Light
April 2012 Number 157
In this issue:
Irish Royal Arch Masonry
What is an Intendor?
Change in the Craft
Canadian Working Tools
Installation of PGM
Less Well Known Scottish Masons
No.XII Diamond Jubilee Celebrations
Lost Temples
SAS and the Craft
Sierra Leone and the Gambia
Cross Keys April. 2012
Irish Royal Arch Masonry
Irish RA development can be viewed in three eras. The first period refers to a system
first described by Pennell in his 1730 Constitution where three grades or degrees were
worked thus:
1. Apprentice or Brother ,
2. Fellow Craft ,
3. Master's Part, not confined to the chair .
Numbers 1 and 2 seem to have embraced ceremonies up to and including the Hiramic
degree. That is Pennell's agreeing with our present Entered Apprentice and Fellow Craft:
and his Fellow Craft with our current Master Mason Degree. Indeed if one thinks about
it, in to-days M.M. degree we are really a lodge of Fellow Craft. Number 3, Pennell's Mas-
ter's Part apparently comprised the essentials of a ceremony subsequently elaborated into
our present Installed Masters degree, the Royal Arch and the Red Cross Mason Degree
(Perhaps better known to Scottish and English Masons as the Red Cross of Babylon or the
Red Cross Knight or Babylonish Pass) .
As the royal arch grew in importance in Ireland, the above degrees were maintained, but
their names were changed. These changes are first noted in Dublin between 1750-1760,
slightly later in the more rural areas. The names of the degrees were as follows:
1. Entered Apprentice and Fellow Craft (one degree)
2. Master Mason,
3. Royal Arch.
The purport of the degree which in Ireland, is called the Installed Master's Degree, must
have been a portion only of Pennell's 'Master's Part' and appears to have been merged in
the ceremony known by the general name Royal Arch.
The third period only came to an end in the late 1840s with four major groupings of Irish
Degrees. These developed as follows. I will deal only with the first three as they are ger-
mane to, to-day's paper:
1. Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, Master Mason
2. Past Master Excellent Mason, Super Excellent Mason, Arch Mason RA Mason ,
3. Ark Mason, Mark Fellow Mason, Mark Mason, Link Mason or Wrestle, Babyl
nian Pass (or the Red Cross of Daniel ), Jordan Pass, Royal Order (or Prussian
Blue)
4. High Knight Templar etc.
Of the degrees named in the above table, the the Past Master, now known as the Installed
Master, is only conferred upon a Master Elect of a Lodge as he is installed. In the chair of
a Lodge. The degrees of Excellent and Super Excellent are now incorporated into the veil
Cross Keys April. 2012
ceremony of our Royal Arch Chapter Degree. Of the third series only the Degree of Mark
Master Mason is still worked, all other degrees have long ago fallen into disuse, however
some have found their way into the Black Institution which constitute the Higher De-
grees of the Orange Order. The above appears to bear out the conclusion of Brother Revd.
Neville Barker Cryer that, at one time the Royal Arch Degree may have formed part of a
more elaborate 'Chair' degree.
To-day the Mark Master Mason Degree is still the precursor to the Royal Arch Degree
The workings are similar to those used in the other two Home Constitutions. From 1991
the Supreme Grand Chapter of Ireland made a change in the ritual, whereby a separate
ceremony and night was introduced for the working of the Mark.
Let us now consider the Irish Royal Arch Chapter as worked today. The only qualifica-
tion is that the candidate has been a Master Mason of at least twelve months. The Irish
Royal Arch Chapter as worked to day, is set at the repair of the Temple under Josiah,
about 620BC, and is thus more true to the Biblical text of 2nd Chronicles Chpt. 34 Verses
1-14. The other two Supreme Bodies set the degree some 100 years later when the Jews
having received their freedom from Cyrus (King of Persia), return to Jerusalem to rebuild
the Temple under the leadership of Zerubbabel (this episode of Jewish history is worked
in Ireland under the Grand Council of Knight Masons).
It is common to hear the Chapter referred to as the red, as the regalia as worn in the
Chapter is all red (unlike Scottish with red/blue) and consists of an apron and sash worn
from right shoulder to left hip, and in certain Chapters white gloves. As in the two other
Home constitutions a member Jewel on a white ribbon may be worn but it
is more usual to see the Past Kings one on a red ribbon and since 1991 a
past V. W. Masters jewel is also permitted in Chapter but it is not permit-
ted to wear Chapter jewels in Craft Lodges although most people would
be too polite to pass comment on a visitor doing so.
Adapted from an article by Bro. James Penny (IC)
Conclusions regarding Scottish RA Masonry—many orders open and close in the degree to be
worked, but the Scottish RA has a peculiar system due to the Mark. Why does a candidate
have to affiliate to a mark lodge and why can a lodge of Excellent Masters not open immedi-
ately? All other orders assume membership of Craft or RA without affiliations. This detracts
from a very colourful and interesting ceremony. Perhaps now is the time to look at ceremonies
and eliminate the long winded approaches in some degrees or grades which clearly put breth-
ren off as can be seen with the numbers attending chapters.
Irish Royal Arch Masonry (ctd)
Cross Keys April. 2012
Congratulations
To Bro. Grant Macleod as the new Provincial Grand
Secretary of Renfrewshire East. Bro. Grant was
master of 242 in 1996—97 and then served as secre-
tary from 1997 until the 200th Anniversary last
year—a period of 14 years. He is also the author of
the lodge history. It was good to see that both the
Secretary and Treasurer of the lodge be recognised
for their hard work over the years.
What is an Intendor?
The term "Intender" comes to us direct from the old operative Lodge of Scotland. More
than 119 years before the first Grand Lodge was formed the Intender was an important
official in the Lodges in Scotland, entrusted with the instruction of new candidates. At
that time the word "intend" meant: to stretch out, extend, expand, increase, intensify.
Therefore, the Intender was a faithful companion and teacher whose duty it was to
stretch out, extend, expand, increase, and intensify the knowledge and understanding of
the younger craftsman in the Science of Masonry.
The Schaw Statutes, an elaborate code of organization first drawn up in 1598 by William
Schaw, Master of Work and General Warden of the Masons of Scotland, are found in the
minutes of the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1. These Statutes provided that
an Intender be chosen by each new Fellowcraft, while the Lodge of Aitchison's Haven
provided Intenders for both new Entered Apprentices and new Fellowcrafts. In time the
office of Intender became so important that the youngest Master was chosen for this
exacting service.
Recently, the emphasis has been changing from merely producing Masons proficient in
the rituals to that of producing educated Masons – Masons who not only love their ritual
and know how to present it effectively, but who also have an ample knowledge of the
background, the aims, and the purposes of the Fraternity. It is here that the Intender
becomes an important factor in developing an intelligent membership and a capable
leadership to sustain and advance Freemasonry throughout the coming ages.
An intendor is more than a proposer and seconder. Should lodges utilise this to
encourage young masons to seek more knowledge and through a real interest in the
Craft, stay a member for longer? This is an area that PGLRE will review in its
Commission.
Cross Keys April. 2012
The Senior newspaper for retired people comes out monthly. The paper is widely circu-
lated in Queensland. Nambour, where this lodge is, is about 75 miles north of Brisbane.
Australian Lodge Retain Scottish Connections
Cross Keys April. 2012
Change in the Craft
Today you have in your pocket a device that has more computing power than the computer
system that put men on the moon. It combines a telephone, computer, camera and internet access
all in one small 5 ounce package. Communication is almost entirely by email, texting, Facebook,
Twitter and other social internet sites. Paying your bills by a cheque in the mail has almost
disappeared. Information, communication and news from around the world is instant. You, like
me, are living in the world of a 25 year old. The world has changed exponentially, and I, for one,
refuse to let it get ahead of me! You must not either!
Our Craft, like a lumbering giant, has been notoriously slow to adapt to this changing
environment. Our young people have grown up and are living comfortably in this fast paced
world. If we are to survive, we must quickly adapt and appeal to their interests. I charge both
our younger and our older members to embrace the change, both societal and fraternal, which we
see happening all around us.
We are blessed with a Grand Master Mason and some forward thinking members in our Grand
Lodge, who are dedicating their lives to the survival of this fraternity. I am proud to be associated
and working with these men and will support them until I am no longer able. I simply refuse to
sit on my laurels – oak or ivy, and let our beloved Craft fail! Adapt or die! What about you?
Common sense, and our leadership, tells us that our events and meetings must be Inspirational,
Convenient and Enjoyable. Yet, we have those in our fraternity who actively or passively resist
this important concept, stating the old canard: “We’ve always done it that way!” or “We never
did it that way before!” If you always do what you’ve always done, you’ll always get what you
always got, and you’ll always feel what you always felt.
President Ronald Reagan once said. “I’m not a great man, I just believe in great ideas.” You should
believe in great ideas. Listen to what our younger members and society are telling us. In 1903,
Henry Ford set out to produce a car that everyone could afford - the Model T. Prior to this time,
cars were individually assembled, each one a custom made creation. In order to achieve his goal
of an affordable finished product, he needed to reduce his labour costs. In 1908, Brother Henry
Ford had a great labour saving idea – instead of having the unfinished car sit in one place while
workmen built the car piece by piece, why not move the car to the workers, where they could
perform their work specialty and then move the car to the next worker? Thus was born the
assembly line and revolutionized the way that automobiles were built. “It was never done that
way before!” The fact is Brethren – We haven’t always “Done it that way!”
Do you think for one minute that, William Schaw, James Boswell, Alexander Adam, Alexander
Drummond, Robert Burns, James Watt, Robert Adam, Sir Walter Scott and Adam Smith tolerated
this “We Always Did It That Way” attitude? They obviously were inspired by the wonderful
principles, fellowship and ideals of our fraternity in the development of Scotland that, despite the
recession, is still the greatest wee nation in the world. In spite of a humble beginning Masonry
thrived, and became a driving force in this great country of ours. Maybe they knew something
that we are just now rediscovering!
We are again at a crossroad in the history of our country, society and our fraternity. Freemasonry
must adapt or we will cease to exist. Fortunately, we are seeing signs that some in our younger
generation embrace our history and our principles, and are hungry for our rich heritage. They are
discovering for themselves what we take for granted. They are discovering Masonry on their own
terms, in their own way, using communication methods that we have yet to master. They are
Cross Keys April. 2012
Old Tradition Changed
A photo of the masters’ board of Royal
Cumberland Lodge (Time Immemorial)
which meets in Bath. Note the title, noth-
ing unusual to Scottish masons, but not the
usual English term of WM. While Scottish
lodges still use RWM, some time England
changed its rules.
Can anyone enlighten us as to why and
when this change took place?
good men. They may not dress the way we do. They may not care for formal attire, useless
speeches or boring meetings, but they believe in the same values and principles as we do. We
must embrace this generation of young men as our brothers and allow them to exercise their tal-
ents. Some might just have the spirit of our enlightened forefathers in their blood, and may have a
great idea.
When looking for employees, Henry Ford once made the statement– “I am looking for a lot of
men who have an infinite capacity to not know what can’t be done.” So are we Brethren! Our
new Brethren don’t know or care that “We never did it that way before!” and neither should you!
Brethren you have in your heart and hands, the power and the influence to bring this fraternity to
the greatness it always has been. We are without equal as an organisation, so go forth from this
auditorium today and use your influence to make a difference.
By Bro. Alex Galbraith Sub GMM - installation toast to the daughter lodges, November 2011
Brethren, many interesting points are raised by Bro. Galbraith in his toast. A Cambridge mathe-
matician (G. Hardy) once said that criticism is the work of second rate minds—indeed, it is easy
to pull ideas apart than to have the ideas in the first place. Some may work and some might not,
but they should be tried. If they do, tell other lodges, it might help them too. Let’s encourage our
brethren to think about new ways forward and not brow beat them every time so that they are
uninterested in looking forward.
Our beloved Craft has survived when most organisations of the 18th Century have not—why?
We changed, we adapted and we have brethren with ideas on how to succeed in a constantly
changing world.
Change in the Craft (ctd)
Cross Keys April. 2012
From the Columns
On 9th March, Bro. Richard Caldwell received his FCD at the hands of our
good friends from Lochwinnoch.
On 22nd March, the PGL Annual Visit took place and the new PGM Bro.
John S. Miller headed the deputation. Bro. John was delighted to give a
clear minute of inspection and thanked the brethren of the lodge for their
assistance with transporting lodge furniture to and from the Town Hall.
The Working Tools of a Canadian Mason are the snow brush, the com-mon shovel, and the hockey stick. The snow brush is the first implement put into the hands of the Canadian, in order to brush the snow off his vehicle and to scrape the ice off his windshield. The shovel is used to move snow off the driveway and sidewalk and throw it into heaping piles on the lawn so you can drive your vehicle in and out of the garage; and the hockey stick is to play hockey with friends and family on your nicely shaved driveway, or on the street in your neighbourhood in the cold snowy weather. Your choice, really.
But as we are not American, but rather freezing and freaking cold Cana-dian Masons, we apply these tools to our morals, eh? In this sense, from the snow brush we learn a daily lesson of accumulation and instruction, for as it is divided into two parts, it recalls our minds the division of the year into two seasons — construction and winter — and directs us to ap-portion them to their proper objects, namely golfing and skiing.
From the common shovel we learn that bad backs are more prominent than we thought; for the heart may stop and the head-cold throb with pain if the hand be not prompt to lift the snow.
From the hockey stick we learn that perspiration is necessary to establish hypothermia, that the icy material receives its slippery finish from re-peated melting and freezing alone, that nothing short of inflatable exer-tion can induce the habit of puck handling, enlighten your behind, and render the goals pure.
From the snow we deduce this moral; that igloos, grounded on accu-racy, aided by seal skin and prevented by collapse will finally overcome all wind chill factors, raise the body temperature from despair and estab-lish happiness in the paths of clear, sunny skies.
Working Tools of a Canadian Freemason
Cross Keys April. 2012
Sunday 1st April, 2012—Divine Service in Rutherglen West & Wardlawhill Church,
Rutherglen at 3pm
Saturday 21st, April, 2012—Re-Dedication Ceremony in 242 at 2pm
Saturday 28th April, 2012—Chairmanship Seminar in Nitshill at 10am until 12noon
Monday 30th April, 2011—Tri-Annual Communication in Rutherglen 116 at 7.30pm
PGL News
GL News
Would you want to be a Freemason?
The Craft makes it to the BBC. Dogged by conspiracy theories, Freemasons insist theirs is
a modern, open organisation. But can this male-dominated body cast off its secretive im-
age and win over a sceptical public?
Click on:
POLICE are investigating a brazen raid on a Masonic Lodge which saw "irreplaceable" ceremonial
jewellery worth thousands of pounds stolen from a display cabinet. The robbery took place at the
Roman Eagle Lodge on Johnston Terrace, with gold masonic chains dating back to 1920 being taken
from the case in the lodge committee room. The missing chains - similar to costume jewellery worn
by mayors - were presented to founding members of the St Giles' Chapter of Masons, now an exten-