- 1.CROSS-CULTURE COMMUNICATIONThe reasonable person adapts
himself to the world,The reasonable person adapts himself to the
world,while the unreasonable one persists in trying to adaptwhile
the unreasonable one persists in trying to adaptthe world to
himselfthe world to himself
2. What is a culture? Culture is the "lens" through which you
view theworld. It is central to what you see, How you make sense of
what you see, How you express yourself."Culture is the arts
elevated to a set of beliefs." Tom Wolfe 3. What is different?1.
Communication Styles2. Attitudes toward conflicts3. Decision making
style4. Approaches to knowingWhat is hidden below the surface?1.
Beliefs2. Values3. Expectations4. AttitudesFour Fundamental
Patterns of Cultural Difference 4.
COMMUNICATONCOMMUNICATONCommunication is the sending of a message
from a sourceCommunication is the sending of a message from a
sourceto a receiver with the least possible loss of meaning.to a
receiver with the least possible loss of meaning.THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESSTHE COMMUNICATION PROCESSThe speaker sends a message that is
inThe speaker sends a message that is insome kind of code. The
listenersome kind of code. The listenerdecodes the message and
responds,decodes the message and responds,thereby giving the
speaker feedback.thereby giving the speaker feedback. 5. What is
effective communication? The Art, Science and Practice.Effective
SpeakingEffective listeningUnderstanding peoples perception 6.
CODES USED IN COMMUNICATIONCODES USED IN COMMUNICATIONVerbal
CommunicationVerbal Communication WordsWords VoiceVoiceNon-Verbal
CommunicationNon-Verbal Communication GesturesGestures
PosturesPostures Facial ExpressionsFacial Expressions Eye
ContactEye Contact Vocal CharacteristicsVocal Characteristics
Personal AppearancePersonal Appearance TouchTouch 7. Cross Culture
CommunicationCross Culture CommunicationINTERCUlTURAl COMMUNICATION
IS THE PROCESS OfINTERCUlTURAl COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS
OfSENdINg ANd RECEIvINg MESSAgES bETwEENSENdINg ANd RECEIvINg
MESSAgES bETwEENPEOPlE wHOSE CUlTURAl bACkgROUNd COUld lEAdPEOPlE
wHOSE CUlTURAl bACkgROUNd COUld lEAdTHEM TO INTERPRET vERbAl ANd
NON-vERbAl SIgNSTHEM TO INTERPRET vERbAl ANd NON-vERbAl
SIgNSdIffERENTly.dIffERENTly. 8. Why Cross CultureWhy Cross
CultureCommunication is important ?Communication is important ?
Business OpportunitiesBusiness Opportunities Job OpportunitiesJob
Opportunities Improves the contribution of employees in a
diverseImproves the contribution of employees in a
diverseworkforceworkforce Sharing of views and ideasSharing of
views and ideas Talent improvisationTalent improvisation An
understanding of diverse marketAn understanding of diverse
marketGlobalization:Globalization: Cross border movement of people,
goods and dataCross border movement of people, goods and databrings
more and more cultures into contact with one another andbrings more
and more cultures into contact with one another andincreases the
potential of cross culture communication.increases the potential of
cross culture communication. 9. Verbal Communication
Differences1.Words1.Words2.Voice2.Voice 10. High Context and Low
Context CulturesHigh Context and Low Context CulturesHigh Context
Culture:-High Context Culture:- Cultures that rely heavily on
non-Cultures that rely heavily on non-verbal and subtle situational
cues in communication.verbal and subtle situational cues in
communication.Low Context Culture:-Low Context Culture:- Cultures
that rely heavily onCultures that rely heavily onwords to convey
meaning in communication.words to convey meaning in communication.
11. Non-Verbal Communication Differences 12. Case In Point : Eye
ContactIn some cultures, looking people in the eye is assumed to
indicatehonesty and straightforwardness; in others it is seen as
challenging andrude. 13. In USA, the cheapest, most effective way
to connect with people isto look them into the eye. 14. "Most
people in Arab culture share a great deal of eye contact and may
regardtoo little as disrespectful. 15. In English culture, a
certain amount of eye contact is required, but too muchmakes many
people uncomfortable. 16. In South Asian and many other cultures
direct eye contact is generallyregarded as aggressive and rude. 17.
Case in Point : Gesture 18. How can a Gestures distort the
message..How can a Gestures distort the message..A motion of the
hands, head or body to emphasize anA motion of the hands, head or
body to emphasize anidea or emotion.idea or emotion.Perfect!
OK!Perfect! OK!
Zero!Zero!Worthless!Worthless!Rubbish!Rubbish!GesturesGestures 19.
USA=OK JAPAN=MONEYRUSSIA=ZERO BRAZIL=INSULT 20. How can the same
Gestures be treated differently inHow can the same Gestures be
treated differently indifferent culturesdifferent cultures 21.
Gestures Around the WorldGestures Around the WorldWesternWestern -
Do you have a telephone ?- Do you have a telephone ?BrazilBrazil -
Cuckold (Your wife is cheating to you)- Cuckold (Your wife is
cheating to you)USAUSA - Sign for the Texas Long Horns- Sign for
the Texas Long Horns 22. Blocks to Cultural Communication1.
Ethnocentrism : Inability to accept another cultures world view;"my
way is the best."2. Discrimination : Differential treatment of an
individual due tominority status; actual and perceived; e.g., "we
just arent equipped toserve people like that."3. Stereotyping :
Generalizing about a person while ignoring presenceof individual
difference; e.g., "shes like that because shes Asian allAsians are
nonverbal." 23. 4.Cultural Blindness: Differences are ignored and
one proceeds asthough differences did not exist; e.g., "theres no
need to worry about apersons culture5.Cultural Imposition: Belief
that everyone should conform to themajority; e.g., "we know whats
best for you, if you dont like it you cango elsewhere."6.Tone
Difference : Formal tone change becomes embarrassing andoff-putting
in some cultures. 24. DEVELOPING CROSS CULTURALCOMMUNICATION
SKILLS"Tact is the ability to describe others as they see
themselves. Abraham Lincoln 25. Skills To Overcome Differences"To
handle yourself, use your head; to handle others, use your heart."
Donald Laird 26. Skills To Overcome Differences Respecting
Differences and Working Together 27. Skills To Overcome Differences
Building Trust Across Cultural Boundaries 28. Skills To Overcome
Differences Understanding Body LanguageUnitedStates of
AmericaAmericans tend to refrain fro m greetings that invo lve
hugging and o ther clo se physical co ntact.When sitting, U.S.
citizens o ften lo o k very relaxed. They may so metimes sit with
the ankle o f o neleg on their knee.ArabCountriesThe left hand is
co nsidered unclean in the Arab co untries.When sitting, keep bo th
feet o n the gro und.The " thumbs up" sign is o ffensive thro ugho
ut the Arab wo rld.SouthKoreaBo ws are used fo r expressing
appreciatio n, making apo lo gies and requests, as well as fo
rgreetings and farewells.When the Japanese want to give the
impressio n that they are in deep tho ught, they willsometimes fo
ld their arms. 29. Skills To Overcome Differences Connecting with
people 30. Things To Remember While Interacting And ConnectingWith
People 31. Business AttireBusiness Attire 32.
SelectingandPresentingBusiness Gifts 33.
UnwrappinggiftsSaudiArabia- Gifts areopenedinprivate.USA- Gifts
areopenedinpublicAppreciatedGiftsIndonesia- Gifts, such as tokens
memento of your countryoryourcompany logoTurkey - Wine or liquor if
you are sure your hosts drink alcohol,Candy, pastries &Roses,
Glassware, suchas avase, goblet, ordecantermakeprized gifts Gifts
toavoidUAE- Alcohol /perfumes
containingalcoholandporkandpigskinproducts tobeavoidedChina-
Donotgiveanythinginsets of fourorgifts thatcarrytheassociationof
death, funerals suchas clocks, cutflowers, whiteobjects. 34. How do
you do it? The handshake sho uld be firm. While shaking hands
establish eye co ntact andalways smile The perso n who initiates
the handshake is theo ne who clo ses it. 35. Improving Cross
Culture Communication 36. WelcomeTopics &Topics
toAvoidduringConversation 37. WelcomeTopics of
Conversation:Indonesia: Family, travel/tourism, sports, praising
the localcuisine, future plans and success of the group
ororganizationGermany: Sports--particularlysoccer, tennis, current
events,politics, amongthose who imbibe, beer is often agoodtopicof
conversation 38. Topics toAvoid:Indonesia: Politics, corruption,
criticismof Indonesianways, commentingonIndonesiancustoms
thatyoufindpeculiar, religionSaudiArabia: MiddleEasternpolitics
andInternationaloilpolitics, Israel,criticizingorquestioningIslamic
beliefs, women/inquiries orcomplimentaryremarks
aboutthefemalefamilymembers of yourSaudiassociatesSouthKorea:
Koreanpolitics/localpolitics, TheKoreanWar, SocialismandCommunism,
Japanandyourcontacts inJapan, yourhosts wife,
PersonalfamilymattersGermany: WorldWarII, personalquestions, 39.
TEN Pre-cautions in Cultural CommunicationTEN Pre-cautions in
Cultural Communication1.1. Slow DownSlow Down2.2. Separate
QuestionsSeparate Questions3.3. Avoid Negative QuestionsAvoid
Negative Questions4.4. Take TurnsTake Turns5.5. Write it downWrite
it down6.6. Be SupportiveBe Supportive7.7. Check MeaningsCheck
Meanings8.8. Avoid SlangsAvoid Slangs9.9. Watch the humourWatch the
humour10.10. Maintain EtiquetteMaintain Etiquette 40. Business in
To day s Scenario is no t aNational Match but is aOlympics, where
there areInternatio nal Players. Only thatIndividual / Co mpany can
survivewhich has do ne its ho mewo rk well &develo ped its
uniqueness. 41. FasterRapportBuildingFasterRapportBuilding 42.
Success RatewillIncreaseSuccessRatewill Increase