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Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.
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Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Dec 14, 2015

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Page 1: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving

as viewed from Japan

Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Page 2: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Understanding the Culture of Giving in a Cultural

Context

The Fundraising Context in Japan

Fundraising in Japan’s Christian Higher Education

Cultivating Culture in our Schools

Outline

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Page 3: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Understanding the Culture of Giving in a Cultural Context:

the Case of Japan

Part ONE

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Page 4: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

3%

45%52%

Philan-thropyGov-ern-ment

Nonprofit Revenue Sources in Japan

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Page 5: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

JAPAN USA

Individuals 0.04% 1.76%

Corporations 0.10% 0.12%

Total 0.14% 1.88%

Charitable Giving as % of GDP

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Page 6: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Giving Money Volunteering Time Helping a stranger

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Page 7: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

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Page 8: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Is philanthropy dead in Japan?

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Page 9: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Giving in Japanese Culture Cash gifts for children at the New Year

(otoshidama) Cash gifts at weddings and funerals Seasonal gift exchanges

in summer (chugen) and New Year (seibo) Gift-giving (omiyage) culture

With an expectation of something in return (okaeshi)

Understanding the Culture of Giving in Japan

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Page 10: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Giving as a social or relational obligation Motivated by duty (giri) Motivated by indebtedness (on)

Japanese Buddhist concept of charity is limited

Fundraising is most successful for natural disasters or humanitarian crises Generous donations for domestic & international

needs

Giving as a Social Obligation

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Page 11: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Japan has a culture of generosity,but

is uncomfortable with fundraising

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Page 12: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

How is your culture generous?

How can you tap into that generosity?

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Page 13: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

The Fundraising Context in Japan:The social and economic context that shapes

fundraising

Part TWO

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Page 14: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Individual income tax deductions on charitable contributions are minimal Only relatively few organizations qualify (recently changing)

Of approximate 40,000 NPOs, only about 120 are recognized by the National Tax Agency.

Most workers file taxes through their employers, so it is difficult to claim a deduction for charitable contributions

Donations to accredited schools can qualify But separate approval by National Tax Agency is

required

Taxes and Charitable Contributions

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Page 15: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Christians were influential in advocating for the liberalization of income tax deductions

Changes in the Tax Laws

Shigeaki Hinohara,Christian doctor

who advocated tax

reform15

Page 16: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Individual’s income tax deductions are restrictive Restrictions on organizations Deduction restricted to less than 40% of contribution

Example: (¥100,000 gift - ¥2,000) x 40% = ¥39,200 deductionSo with ¥7,000,000 income, result is only ¥5400 tax benefit

Deduction limit up to 25% of income Corporation’s income tax deductions are more liberal

Wider variety of organizations recognized Higher deduction limit

Tax benefit for corporate gifts. Less for individuals.

Taxes and Charitable Contributions

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Page 17: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Japan

US

Developing/Transitional

Developed

All Countries

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

PhilanthropyGovernmentFees

Comparison of Non-Profit Revenue Sources

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Page 18: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Japan

America

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

IndividualCorporation

Individual vs. Corporate GivingComparison

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Page 19: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Weak giving patterns for non-profit organizations including higher education

Fundraising is relatively new idea Fundraising as a career almost does not exist

Many Japanese are uncomfortable with fundraising Some resent giving as a social obligation Confluence of obligation and generosity

Strong support for school from alumni and parents

The Challenges and Opportunities

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Page 20: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Where does charitable funding come from in your country?

What are the challenges in your culture?

How can you overcome them?

What are the opportunities?20

Page 21: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Fundraising in Japan’s Christian Higher Education

Part THREE

Focusing especially on Aoyama Gakuin

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Page 22: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Western and especially American influence is important regarding fundraising

Fundraising activities have become the norm for Japanese schools Capital campaigns Student scholarships Special projects

Major universities in Japan have endowments, but still small

Fundraising is part of broader effort to engage alumni

Cultivating a Fundraising Culture in Higher Education

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Page 23: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Fundraising Office Not run by career professionals, but general staff Focus more on accounting than solicitation Grant writing for corporate donors

Multiple Fundraising campaigns Capital campaigns Student scholarships Support organizations

Separate committees organized for capital campaigns

Fundraising Activities at Aoyama Gakuin

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Page 24: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Passive – Provide information and opportunity without being pushy

Non-personal for most donations Personal relationships in Japan connect with social

obligations, which make fundraising uncomfortable. Target individuals

Primarily 1) alumni 2) employees 3) parents Target corporations

Especially companies of alumni

Fundraising Approaches

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Page 25: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

¥51,618,000

¥2,420,183

¥185,430,000

IndividualsOrganizationsCorporations

Capital Campaign DonationsHonda Memorial International Conference Hall Building

Fund

$516,000

$24,000

$1,854,000

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Page 26: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

454

14 11

IndividualsOrganizationsCorporations

Number of Donors Honda Memorial International Conference Hall Building

Fund

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Page 27: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

¥37,555,000

¥23,488,656

¥4,560,000

Individuals (193)Organizations (20)Corporations (218)

Student Scholarship DonationsFiscal 2012

$375,500

$235,000

$45,600

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Page 28: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Over ¥100,000,000 raised in one year from employees

Supports students who lost a family member or home in the earthquake, tsunami or nuclear disaster

Donations primarily from faculty and staff Arranged for employees to deduct donations from

salary

Great East Japan Disaster Victim Student Support Fund

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Page 29: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Alumni are very important Student recruitment Help with sports teams and extra-curricular activities Cheer our sports teams Donate

Alumni association is very important Independent fund raising efforts and office

Public Relations Office connects with alumni

Institutional Loyaltyand Alumni ContributionsOnly small percentage of alumni are

active.But we engage those with interest.

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Page 30: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

How do laws in your country influence

fundraising?

Who can give to your school?

Who are your targets for fundraising? (Alumni? Parents? Corporations? Employees?...)

What are your opportunities for

fundraising?(Student scholarships? Special events? Sports teams?)

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Page 31: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Cultivating Culture:Creating Methodist Culture

in Methodist Schools

Part FOUR

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Page 32: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Aoyama Gakuin was founded by the Methodist church through many generous donors

Continues to celebrate our heritage of generosity Observe founding anniversary of school (worship) Recognize and remember significant patrons Celebrate alumni who donated to the school

Celebrating a Heritage of Giving

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Page 33: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

出来る限り設けよう。出来る限り蓄えよう。出来る限り与えよう。

Gain all you can.Save all you can.Give all you can.

- John Wesley

Celebrating a Heritage of Giving

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Page 34: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

School motto: “Salt of the Earth, Light of the World”

Providing education not solely for individual benefit, but to benefit the world as salt and light.

Campus ministry program includes emphasis on charity.

Required courses on Christianity include history of the school and importance of giving in our heritage.

Cultivating a culture of generosity among our alumni starts with our current students.

Christian Ethos and Giving

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Page 35: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

“From everyone who has been given much,

much will be demanded; and from the one who has

been entrusted with much, much more will be asked.”

Luke 12:48

Page 36: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Methodist values Faith and Spiritual Formation Justice and Social Holiness Service Accessibility: Educating all Emphasis on Reason, Academic Freedom, and

Tolerance Generosity

Cultivating a Culture of GenerosityMethodist Ethos and Identity

To cultivate generous alumni, you need life-changing education. 36

Page 37: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Leaders of Cultural Change Board members President, Chancellor, Principals, Deans and

administrators Chaplains

Influential Agents of Cultural Change Faculty Staff Alumni

Cultivating a Culture of GenerosityCultural Leaders

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Page 38: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

What can you do to cultivate

a Culture of Generosity in your school?

What can you do to cultivate

Methodist Culture and Values in your

school?

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Page 39: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Cultivating a Culture of Giving as viewed from Japan Paul Tsuchido SHEW, Ph.D.

Thank you.

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