CRITICISM “ The stones that critics hurl with harsh intent, a man may use to build a monument.” -Arthur Guiterman.

CRITICISM

“ The stones that critics hurl with harsh intent, a man may use to build a

monument.”-Arthur Guiterman

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vvtprqhyoI

YOUNG, ______________________ DOGS

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE

May also be considered a Developmental disorderCracks in ________________________________

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE - DX

• Early - Decreased bone density of epiphysis, sclerosis and thickening of femoral neck

• Later- ____________ areas in femoral neck

• End-stage – flattening and extreme deformation of the femoral head, severe osteoarthritis

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE: TREATMENT (SX)

FEMORAL HEAD AND NECK EXCISION

FHNE

LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE

• Client education– Recovery from surgery takes 3-6 months

– Glucosamines and chondroitin sulfate

– May be hereditary – ______________________

– With sx – good to excellent prognosis for full recovery

– Conservative therapy – alleviate lameness in 2-3 months in 25%

DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS: OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

Large breed fast growing dogsYoung

Large breed fast growing dogsYoung

NORMAL BONE

OCD: Disturbance of ______________________ in long bones that leads to excessive retention of cartilage

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

FAILURE OF THE LOWER LAYERS OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE TO MATURE INTOBONE RESULTS IN THICKENED CARTILAGE THAT IS PRONE TO INJURYDisturbance of endochondral ossification that leads to excessive retention of cartilage

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS: cartilage flap with inflammatory joint

changes

CARTILAGE FLAP OF THE SCAPULOHUMERALJOINT WHICH IS THE MOST COMMON LOCATION

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

CARTILAGE FLAP IN THE STIFLE JOINT (_____________________: loose cartilage flap)

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bJqjqh5a2A

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS: PANOSTEITIS

LARGE, MEDIUM BREEDS AT A YOUNG AGE 6-18 MONTHS

CAUSE: UNKNOWN, BUT THERE ARE MANY SUSPECTED CONTRIBUTORS

PANOSTEITIS

1. PELVIS2. LESIONS OF PANOSTEITIS3. FEMUR

INFLAMMATION IN THE __________________________________OF LONG BONES THAT LEADSTO PAIN, LAMENESS, AND FEVER (Viral?)

PANOSTEITIS

INCREASED MEDULLARY _____________________

PANOSTEITIS

TREATMENT OF PANOSTEITIS INCLUDESNSAIDS AND CAGE RESTFull recovery ~ 1 year

THIS DISEASE IS ____________________ AND HAS A GOOD PROGNOSIS!

COXOFEMORAL LUXATIONS

HX OF TRAUMA, ACUTE LAMENESS, NON WEIGHT BEARING, POSSIBLESWELLING OVER THE HIP

Stifle rotated: outwardHock: inwardCRANIODORSAL LUXATION

LUXATIONS

_______________LUXATION IS THEMOST COMMON TYPEStifle rotated: outwardHock: inward

Hip Luxation• Rx

– Closed reduction• anesthesia required for proper muscle

relaxation

– Using traction, rotate and pull head back in place

– Open reduction• Replace head of femur and suture soft tissue around acetabulum to keep it in place• FHO

– Either way, bandage in abduction x 2 wk (______________)

LUXATIONS

LUXATIONS

DON’T GIVE UP!“Courage doesn’t always roar.

Sometimes courage is that quiet voice at the end of the day that says ‘I will

try again tomorrow.’

TUMORS OF THE BONE

MOST COMMON IN LARGE BREEDMALE DOGS OLDER THAN 7 YRS OFAGE

THE ___________________ IS THE MOSTCOMMON LOCATION

TUMORS OF THE BONE

85%-90% OF BONE CANCER IN DOGS IS OSTEOSARCOMA

TUMORS OF THE BONE

OSTEOSARCOMA TENDS TO OCCUR AWAY FROMTHE ELBOW AND TOWARDS THE KNEE

TUMORS OF THE BONE

TUMORS OF THE BONE

METASTASIS OF OSTEOSARCOMA TO THE LUNGS; THERE IS USUALLY ALREADY SOME MICROSCOPIC SREAD OF TUMOR BY THE TIME IT IS DIAGNOSED

TUMORS OF THE BONE

____________ OF THE AFFECTED LIMBALONG WITH CHEMOTHERAPY IS A COMMON TREATMENT PLAN

SURVIVAL TIME IS ~12 MONTHS EVEN WITH AGGRESSIVE THERAPY

MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITISImmune Mediated

____________________________

MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITIS

BiopsyGlucocorticoids

MYOPATHIES: MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS (aka atrophic myositis, eosinophilic myositis)

Immune mediated (type 2M muscle fibers)

CLINICAL SIGNS INCLUDE ELEVATED 3RD EYELIDS, ATROPHY OF THE JAW MUSCLES (____________, ________________), AND INABILITY TO OPEN THE MOUTH (TRISMUS)

MYOPATHIES: FELINE POLYMYOPATHY - Acquired

CERVICAL VENTROFLEXION OF THE NECK 2° TO ____________________ (chronic renal disease): neuromuscular weakness

Declaw

• Considered “inhumane” by some people

• Outlawed in some European countries

• San Francisco “advises” against it

• It is an amputation of the _________________ of cat’s toes

Declaw• Reasons why owners declaw cats

– Shredded furniture, drapes– Scratched by cat

• Procedure– Apply tourniquet to leg– Anesthetize, remove claws– Tight bandages x 3 d– Send home

• _____________________

Dock Tails• Also banned in some European countries

• Done at 2-5 days old

• No anesthesia

• 1 stitch