Critical Power Protection Supervisor Assuring Delivery of Power for Critical Applications AiNET® 11710 Montgomery Road Beltsville, MD 20705 USA .

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Slide 2 Critical Power Protection Supervisor Assuring Delivery of Power for Critical Applications AiNET 11710 Montgomery Road Beltsville, MD 20705 USA www.ai.net Slide 3 Executive Summary AiNET Critical Power Protection Supervisor AiNETs patented* Critical Power Protection Supervisor (CPPS) is applied in environments where the uninterrupted delivery of power is an absolute requirement. Example environments include hospitals, transportation management systems, and Internet data centers. As an overlay management system for the power delivery elements employed today in such environments, the CPPS addresses vulnerabilities in all current critical power settings. Benefits of the CPPS include ensuring critical power delivery uptime, returning power system problem resolution to a workable timeframe, and offering a more cost-effective approach to ensuring uptime than expensive system element upgrades that only chisel at the underlying problem. Presently being deployed in Internet data centers, the AiNET Critical Power Protection Supervisor will be licensed for application in diverse, critical power delivery environments worldwide. 2 * U.S. Patent 7,962,772; International Patents Pending Slide 4 Demands Increasing for Power Certainty: 100% Power Availability Public safety Medical care Transportation systems Financial systems Manufacturing processing Data centers the Internet Cloud 3 Slide 5 Typical Elements in a Critical Power Environment Control/Data Signals Main Power Secondary Power Source Load Recharge Power Flow Transfer Switch Stored Energy Element Stored Energy Element UPS (Converter) UPS (Converter) (Generator)(Batteries) 4 Slide 6 Definition of Times/Events in Failure Modes TimeDefinition of Time/Event tMFTime of detection of failure in Main Power tHTransfer Switch's designated hold time; time between failure detection and engagement of Generator tSStabilization time of Generator tMRTime of detection of return of Main Power tHRTransfer Switch's designated hold time on restoral; time between detection of return and perceived stabilization of Main Power tSWRSwitchover time from Generator to Main Power on restoral tSFTime of Soft Failure in Main Power Undetected by Transfer Switch 5 Slide 7 Hard Failure and Restoration of Main Power Full power provided by Generator Full power provided by UPS/Batteries Full power provided by Main Power Partial power provided by UPS/Batteries tMFtHtS tMRtHRtSWR time Main Power Available Generator Switching In/Out Main Power Switching In 6 Slide 8 Brief Outages in Main Power tMFtHtMFtHtMFtH time tMFtHtMFtHtMFtH time A Series of Brief Outages in Main Power Diminish Energy Stored in the Batteries A Series of Brief Outages in Main Power Exhaust the Batteries and an Outage Occurs 7 Slide 9 Failure Conditions in Main Power Power transients Lightning strikes Loss of a phase(s) Loss of synchronization between phases Voltage drops in one or more phases 8 All critical power installations at risk of failure from routinely- occurring shortcomings in Main Power... Slide 10 Undetected Shortcoming in Main Power tSF time Undetected (by Transfer Switch) Shortcoming in Main Power UPS detects problem, supplements power delivered to Load with energy from batteries Batteries exhaust, resulting in power outage 9 Slide 11 AiNET Critical Power Protection Supervisor (CPPS) Creates a Unified, Critical Power System Main Power Load Stored Energy Element Recharge Power Flow Control/Data Signals Transfer Switch Secondary Power Source External Monitor/Control System(s) UPS (Converter) UPS (Converter) AiNET CPPS 10 Slide 12 Stored Energy Levels E1 and E2 Are Critical System Thresholds tMFtHtStMRtHRtSWR time tH + tS = T1 E1 T1 + tSWR = T2 E2 tSWRtSWR E1: Stored energy required in system to avoid an outage upon switchover to Secondary Power. E2: Stored energy reflecting the point at which Main Power can be used to recharge the Energy Storage Element. 11 Slide 13 Undetected Shortcoming in Main Power with AiNET CPPS tSF time Stored Energy E max E20 Undetected failure condition without AiNET CPPS tSF time Stored Energy E max E2 AiNET CPPS intervenes when stored energy reaches E2 threshold 12 Slide 14 Additional Failure Conditions Addressed by AiNET CPPS Loss or diminution of energy storage capabilities. Detected by monitoring of E2 Offsets in thresholds between power delivery elements (usually TX and UPS). Detected by monitoring of E2 Loss or diminution of UPS functionality. Detected by monitoring of UPS alarm 13 Slide 15 Essential Duties of the AiNET Critical Power Protection Supervisor Monitor systems stored energy. If stored energy falls below E2, order the system to engage Secondary Power (if not already engaged). Order is given regardless of whether Main Power is available and in service because a loss of Main Power would result in an outage. Notify systems operators of the condition. Operators can analyze situation and the take action without dealing with the repercussions of an outage at the Load. 14 Slide 16 Applications CPPS in service in AiNETs TIA-942 Tier IV Data Center in the Washington, DC area. In a typical application as previously shown. Potential future application incorporating renewable energy: Main Power Load Stored Energy Element Secondary Recharge Power Flow Control/Data Signals Transfer Switch Secondary Power Source External Monitor/Control System(s) UPS (Converter) UPS (Converter) AiNET CPPS Intermittent Power (e.g. Wind, Solar) Primary Recharge Power Grid 15 Slide 17 Future Residential Application Potential future application incorporating renewable energy in which utility power is designated as Secondary Power: Load (Home) Stored Energy Element Recharge Power Flow Control/Data Signals Transfer Switch Secondary Power Source (Utility Power) Secondary Power Source (Utility Power) External Monitor/Control System(s) UPS (Converter) UPS (Converter) AiNET CPPS Intermittent Primary Power (e.g. Wind, Solar) Power Grid 16 Slide 18 Key Benefits of AiNET Critical Power Protection Supervisor Preemptive actions ensure critical power delivery uptime. Returns problem resolution timeframe to human scale. More cost-effective approach to ensuring uptime than expensive upgrades to system elements. Presently deployed in Internet data centers, the AiNET CPPS will be licensed and will be applied in diverse, critical power delivery environments worldwide. Please visit www.ai.net for more information.www.ai.net 17