Crisis Action Planning Course of Action Development UNCLASSIFIED JTF Training.

Crisis Action Crisis Action PlanningPlanning

Course of Action DevelopmentCourse of Action Development

UNCLASSIFIED

JTF Training

Restated Mission Statement

O/O, CCDR CJTF will conduct Foreign Disaster

Humanitarian Assistance in support of the

Government of Cameroon to relieve the

suffering associated with Volcano OKU.

CCDR USAFRICOM CJTF will establish and deploy forces to forward operating bases to alleviate suffering in devastated areas. In coordination with the appropriate consular or AMEMBASSY personnel, US forces will provide mobility and logistics support capabilities to enhance HN efforts in response to the crisis. US forces will limit operations to essential life sustaining operations and where feasible will hand off FHA/DR function to other agencies as soon as practical. Close coordination with other USG agencies, NGO, and IGO will facilitate operations and eliminate duplication of efforts. When directed US forces redeploy to home station and reconstitute for future contingencies.

ENDSTATE. Success is defined as a minimized loss of life and human suffering of displaced persons, the scope of the crisis no longer exceeds the capacity of the host nations, and all US personnel are redeployed to home station.

Commander’s Intent

COA Development Overview COA Development Overview

•Analyze information associated with a current situation•Components, techniques and procedures for conducting an operational-level mission analysis for a Joint Task Force (JTF)–Suggested input into planning process–Logistical shortfalls in planning process–Adequate, feasible and acceptable COAs –COA steps–Center of gravity, task priorities, and phasing sketch

Reference

JP 3-0 Doctrine for Joint OperationsJP 3-0 Doctrine for Joint Operations

JP 5-00.2 JTF Planning JP 5-00.2 JTF Planning Guidance & ProceduresGuidance & Procedures

MNF SOPMNF SOP

JP 4-0 LogisticsJP 4-0 Logistics

CJCS 3500.05A JTF HQ CJCS 3500.05A JTF HQ Master Training GuideMaster Training Guide

JP 5-0 Joint Operation PlanningJP 5-0 Joint Operation Planning

MULTINATIONAL FORCE STANDING OPERATING

PROCEDURES(MNF SOP)

Version 1.6February 2006

Key Points

Crisis Action Planning (CAP) Procedures:

• Three process• Key Documents– Warning & Alert Orders– Commander’s Estimate

• Requires Concurrent & Collaborative Planning

Develop a Military Course of Action

CAP Functions

I Situational Awareness

II Planning

III Execution

CAP Process Features

•Rapid Exchange of Information•Analysis of situations affecting possible Courses of Action (COAs)•Developing valid COAs•Comparison COA•Recommended/Selecting the best COAs•Coordinating plans & order supporting execution

9

Function II – Planning

IIPlanning

WarningOrder

CDR’sEstimate

CDR’sEstimate

CCDR’sWarning

Order

JTF PLANNING

ISituational Awareness

IIIExecution

JFC

JTF Tasks:• Mission Analysis• Issue Planning Guidance• Issue Warning Order• Develop COAs• Develop Staff Estimates• Analyze COAs• Compare COAs• Recommend COA • Submit CDR’s Estimate

NationalAuthorities

Supported Supported CCDRCCDR

Course of Action (COA) Development

• The COA consist of the following information:

– WHO will take the action– WHAT type of military action will occur – WHEN the action will begin– WHERE the action will occur– WHY the action is required (purpose)– HOW the action will occur (method of

employment of forces)

Joint Pub Joint Pub 5-05-0

COA Development

• To develop COAs, the staff must focus on key information to make decisions, using the data from mission analysis.

• The Staff develops COAs to provide options to the commander.

• Focus on Centers of Gravity and Decisive Points

•All COAs selected must be valid

Develop Initial COAs

“The hub of all power and movement, on which everything

depends. That is the point against which all of our energies

should be directed.” Carl von Clausewitz

Center of Gravity (COG) Center of Gravity (COG)

Information

Social

Military

Economic

Infrastructure

Political

Joint Operation Planning Process

Initial Test for Validity

• Test for adequacy

• Test for feasibility

• Test for acceptability

• Ensure COAs are distinguishable

• Test for completeness

Course of Action Characteristics

Adequate

• Does it accomplish the mission?• Does it meet the Combatant Commander’s and CJTF’s intent?• Does it accomplish all the essential tasks?• Does it allow the CJTF to meet the conditions for the end state?• Does it take into consideration the enemy and friendly centers

of gravity?

Feasible

• Can accomplish the mission within the established time, space, and resource limitations?– Will those resources be available in the

JOA in time? Forces/Capability Transportation Resupply Facilities

- Can the COA be carried out within the physical environment’s constraints?

• Must balance cost and risk with the advantage gained.

• Does it contain unacceptable risks?

• Does it take into account the limitations placed on the CTF?

• Does it contribute to the higher commander’s strategic objectives?

• Can it be accomplished within external constraints, particularly ROE?

Acceptable

Risk MatrixRisk Matrix

Impact

Likelihood

HIGH

LOW

No HNS

Early EOM

Fall of Gov. C2

LOG C2Distro Probls

HIGH

Distinguishable

• Are the COAs sufficiently different from each other

• COAs can be different when considering...– Focus or direction of main effort– Scheme of maneuver (land, air, maritime,

special ops)– Primary mechanism for mission

accomplishment– Task Organization– Use of reserves

COA Development

COA 2 includes all of COA 1

COA 3 includes all of COAs 1 & 2

COA 1

COA 2

COA 3

Nested COAsWhat to Avoid What to Avoid

COA Planning Enablers

• Planning considerations in developing different COAs

-Joint Force Capabilities (operational fires and maneuver, deception)

-Joint Force Organizations

-Combinations of elements of operational design (phasing line of operations and so forth)

-Commander and staff risk assessment

-Intelligence updates

Joint Pub 5-0

Complete

• Are the COAs technically complete? Must incorporate:

– Objectives, effects and tasks to be performed

– Major forces required– Concepts for development, employment

and sustainment– Time estimates for achieving objectives – Military end state and success criteria

COA Planning Enablers

Joint Force

Commander’s (JFC)

Planning Guidance

JFC Initial Intent

Initial Staff

Estimates

Joint Intelligence

Preparation of the

Operational

Environment

Revised Staff Estimates

COA Alternatives including -Tentative task organization -Deployment concept -Sustainment concept

COA Development

Key Inputs

Key Outputs

Prepare COA

•Develop COA sketch(s)

•Deployment/Sustainment Concept

• Operational design–Phasing–Line of operations

COA 1 COA 1

HOME BASE

US

Country 2

C2 HUBCountry 1

APODAPOD

SPODSPOD

ALOCALOC

ALOCALOC

UnrepUnrep COA 1Sail direct to Country 2Deploy land forces to

Country 1 -- to control flow of troops into Country 2

COA 2 COA 2

HOME BASE

Country 1

APODAPODSPODSPOD

ALOCALOC

UnrepUnrep COA 2Sail and deploy land forces

direct to Country 1

28

Example Sketch

This phase completes the introduction of combat forces (Phase II) and begins offensive operations to evict all aggressors from the sovereign territory of Blueland. Operations will be conducted along two axes. Phase is complete upon restoration of territorial integrity of Blueland.

MARFOR:O/O conduct offensive operations to securenorthern approachesto City TARFOR:Deploy ACR to forwardAA. O/O conduct offensive operations to clear central and southernapproaches. Air Aslt/AbnBde est. opnl reserve andrear area defense.AFFOR:Maintain air superiority.Conduct AI and strat atkoperations.NAVFOR:No changeJSOTF:No change

PHASE THREE: Decisive Action

C+31 to C+60

City T

City G

XX

X

29

Example Phasing/Task Distribution

DEPLOYMENT SHAPING DECISIVE OPS TRANSITIONHalt, Protect & Defend Eject & Eliminate

Init

iate

IO C

amp

aig

n

HA

Co

ord

BP

T N

EO

Est

ablis

h F

OB

AIR

Su

per

iori

ty

MA

RIT

IME

Su

per

iori

ty

BP

T C

M

Pro

tect

/Def

end

Gu

pp

ie/N

essi

e/S

LO

Cs

IDP

MG

MT

EP

W M

GM

T

BP

T M

IO

Sei

ze S

aip

an

Sei

ze T

inia

n

HA

- S

aip

an/T

in

Elim

inat

e P

iran

ha

Ab

ility

to

Pro

j Pw

r

Fre

edo

m o

f N

avig

atio

n

HA

Tu

rno

ver

Tu

rn o

ver

to H

N F

orc

es

Red

eplo

y

CFLCC X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XCFMCC X X X X X X X X X X X XCFACC X X X X X X X X X X X XCSOTF X X X X X X XCPOTF X XCMOTF X X X X X XCCTF X X X X X

- Phase Main Effort/Task Supported Commander - Task Supported Commander - Task Supporting Commander

(Example) Log Effects Matrix(Example) Log Effects Matrix

PHASE 1

Pre-Deployment

PHASE 2

Deploy/ RSOI/

Coalition Force

Integration

PHASE 3

Move

PHASE 4

Prevention &

Stabilisation

PHASE 5Offensive Ops/

Assistance/ Stabilisation/ Deterrence

PHASE 6

Handover

LOG build-up

LOG INTEGRATION

RSOI

RECOVER

SUSTAIN

SUPPORT LOG C2 OF UN/IO/NGO AGENCIES

Joint Operation Planning Process

COA Wargaming

The Commander and Staff will Analyze each tentative COA separately and identify advantages and disadvantages of eachProposed COA.

The analysis of COAs should reveal the following factors: Potential decision points Task organization adjustments Data for use in a synchronization matrix or other decision making tools Identification of plan branches and sequels Identification of high-value targets A risk assessment. COA advantages and disadvantages Recommended CCIR’s

COA Wargaming Steps

1. Prepare for Wargaming

-Gather tools-List and review Friendly forces-List and review enemy forces-List known critical events-Determine participates-Determine enemy COA-Select wargaming method-Select a method to record & display results (Syn Matrix)

2. Conduct Wargaming and assess

-Purpose of wargaming (identify gaps)-Basic methodology-Records results

3. Output of wargaming:

-Results of wargame brief Potential decision points Governing factors Potential branches and sequels Revised staff estimates Refined COAs

-Feedback through the COA decision brief

COA (MARITIME)COA (MARITIME)

HOME BASE

US

Country 1

Country 2

APODAPOD

SPODSPOD

Refueling Operation

s

Refueling Operation

s

Refuel Operations

Refuel Operations

USNS COMFORT

USNS COMFORT

COA reflects refueling shortfall in support

of timeline and distance

Joint Operation Planning Process

COA Comparison

Advantages &

Disadvantages

Wargaming Results

Governing Factors

Revised staff

estimates

Evaluated COAs

Recommended COA

COA Selection Rational

Revised Staff Estimates

COA Comparison

Key InputsKey Outputs

COA Comparison

Weighting COA 1 COA 2Simplicity 2 4 8

Efficiency 4 4 16

Cooperation 4 8 12

Agility 3 12 9

Flexibility 3 12 3

Force Protection

5 0 5

Robustness 4 12 12

C2 5 10 15

Political 2 6 4

Logistics Footprint

3 6 12

Total 84 96

Example

Joint Operation Planning Process

COA Approval

The staff determines the best COA to the commander.

The staff briefs the commanders on the COA comparison (approval inputs and outputs)

The staff briefs the comparison and analysis and wargaming results.

The commander selects a COA or forms an alternate COA. - Direct revisions to COAs - Combinations of COAs - Additional COAs

Joint Operation Planning Process

Products JTF Plan

• Basic Plan/OPORD - Paragraph 4, Administration and Logistics

• Annex D - Logistics• Annex L – Environmental

Considerations• Annex P – Host-Nation Support• Annex Q – Medical Services• Others as appropriate (Contracting,

etc.)

Questions?