Criminal law 2

Chapter IV and V.

CRIMINAL LAW / CRIMINOLOGY

Criminal Law (Penal Law)Criminal law, or penal law, is the body of law that relates to crime.

It might be defined as the body of rules that defines conduct that is prohibited by the state because it is held to threaten, harm or otherwise endanger the safety and welfare of the public, and that sets out the punishment to be imposed on those who breach these laws.

Criminal law is to be distinguished from civil law.

Objectives of Criminal Law:Every crime is composed of criminal elements.

Capital punishment may be imposed in some jurisdictions for the most serious crimes. Physical or corporal punishment may be imposed such as whipping or caning, although these punishments are prohibited in much of the world.

Government supervision may be imposed, including house arrest, and convicts may be required to conform to particularized guidelines as part of a parole or probation regimen. Fines also may be imposed, seizing money or property from a person convicted of a crime.

Five objectives are widely accepted for enforcement of the criminal law by punishments: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation and restitution.

Criminology Criminology (from Latin crīmen,

"accusation"; and Greek-λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the nature, extent,

causes, and control of criminal behavior in both the individual and in society.

Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in the behavioral sciences, drawing especially

upon the research of sociologists, psychologists and psychiatrists, social

anthropologists as well as on writings in law.Areas of research in criminology include the

incidence, forms, causes and consequences of crime, as well as social and governmental

regulations and reaction to crime.

Areas of study in criminology include:

• Comparative criminology (which is the study of the social phenomenon of

crime across cultures, to identify differences and similarities in crime patterns).

Crime prevention / Crime statistics Criminal behavior / Criminal careers and

desistance Domestic violence / Deviant behavior

Evaluation of criminal justice agencies / Fear of crime

The International Crime Victims Survey / Juvenile delinquency

Penology Sociology of law

Victimology