D AVID D E M ATTEO , JD, P H D, ABPP (F ORENSIC ) D REXEL U NIVERSITY D EPARTMENT OF P SYCHOLOGY & S CHOOL OF L AW P HILADELPHIA C ITY COUNCIL ’ S S PECIAL C OMMITTEE ON C RIMINAL J USTICE R EFORM M AY 13 , 2016 Criminal Justice Interventions for Drug-Involved Offenders
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D A V I D D EM A T T E O , J D , P HD , A B P P ( F O R E N S I C)
D R E X E L U N I V E RS I TY
D E P A R T ME N T O F P S Y C H O L O G Y & S C H O O L O F L A W
P H I L A DE LP HI A C I TY C O U N C I L ’S S P E C I A L C O M M I TTE E O N C R I M I N A L J U S T I C E R E F O RM
M A Y 1 3 , 2 0 1 6
Criminal Justice Interventions for Drug-Involved Offenders
Grant/Research Support
National Institute on Drug Abuse
R01-DA-13096
R01-DA-14566
R21-DA-022293
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency, Pennsylvania Office of Mental Health & Substance Abuse
Services, Pennsylvania Dept. of Public Welfare, & Pennsylvania Dept. of Health
Agenda
Q: What can we do about the increasing numbers of drug-involved offenders?
Scope of the problem
Historical responses to drug-involved offenders
Current approaches
Overview
What We Know
Mass incarceration mostly of . . .
Drug-involved &/or mentally ill offenders
Historical responses to drug-involved offenders . . .
Have not worked
Potential Solution
Diversion!
Drug courts
Pre-arrest diversion
Mass Incarceration
Total Correctional Population
2.3 million incarcerated
5 million on probation/parole
3.1% of adults are under correctional supervision
Individuals with drug problems &/or mental health problems are hugely over-represented
Scope of the Problem: Drug Use & Offending
• High rates of drug-involved criminal offenders 80/40/20
(4) Re-entry from jails, prisons, & forensic hospitals
(5) Community corrections/support
Sequential Intercept Model
The Sequential Intercept Model (National
GAINS Center, 2009)
Sequential Intercept Model
I. Law Enforcement/Emergency Services
II. Post-Arrest: Initial Detention/Initial Hearings
III. Post-Initial Hearings:
Jail/Prison, Courts, Forensic
Evaluations and Commitments
IV. Re-Entry From Jails,
State Prisons, &
Forensic Hospitalization
V. Community Corrections & Community Support
Pre-arrest Diversion
Ultimate intercept?
Before someone enters the criminal justice system
Offenses & offenders Reduce offenses from misdemeanors to summary citations
Divert subsets of offenders into appropriate treatment
Why do this? Reduce jail/prison over-crowding
Less expensive
It works
Pre-arrest Diversion
Specialized Police Responding (Crisis Intervention Training [CIT])
Train police officers & dispatchers on mental illness & drug use, community behavioral health services, & crisis intervention techniques
Goals: decrease response times, provide better care to those in crisis, & increase police officer safety
CIT officers report feeling better prepared to handle crises, use of less physical force in crisis situations, & more likely to divert individuals into treatment
PA Mental Health & Justice Center of Excellence
Funded in 2009 by PA Commission on Crime & Delinquency & PA Office of Mental Health & Substance Abuse Services
Drexel Dept. of Psychology & Univ. of Pittsburgh’s Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic
Goal: reduce justice-involvement for people with mental illness &/or substance use disorders
Prevent those with mental illness &/or substance use disorders from entering or penetrating deeper into criminal justice system
Intercept 5: development of specialized probation/parole, housing initiatives, treatment opportunities, etc.
Conducted cross-systems mapping in 45 PA counties
PA Mental Health & Justice Center of Excellence
Collect county-level data regarding police agencies, problem-solving courts, correctional facilities, housing & behavioral health offices, individuals w/MR/ID, & probation/parole listings
Organize several state-wide conferences to disseminate information
Consult with PA Dept. of Corrections
Testify in front of state legislature
Provide technical assistance to counties & agencies on developing interventions, evaluating programs, collecting data, etc.
Conducted cross-systems mapping workshops in 45 (of 67) PA counties (w/ more planned) bring together stakeholders, literally map progression through CJ system, identify gaps in services, develop action plan