Crimean Congo hemorrhagic Fever Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of CCHF
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic Fever
Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of CCHF
Global Situation of CCHF, published by WHO 2013
Nr
of
Cases
%
1956
Zai
re (D
RC) 2
1958
–197
7 Ugan
da
1983
-200
4 M
aurit
ania
1983
Burk
ina
Faso
1981
–201
8 South
Afric
a
1986
Tan
zania
2000
Ken
ya
2008
–201
0 Sudan
1
10
100
1000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Cases
Case fatality
Nr
of
Cases
%
1965
–199
7 Chin
a
1948
–200
0 Khaz
akhst
an
1943
–201
0 Taj
ikis
tan
1976
–200
0 Pak
ista
n
2011
India
1979
–199
5 Unite
d Ara
b Em
irate
s
1990
Sau
di Ara
bia
1995
–199
7 Om
an
1979
–198
0 Iraq
2000
–201
5 Iran
2008
–201
2 Afg
hanis
tan
2002
–201
8 Turk
ey
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0
20
40
60
80
100Cases
Case fatality
Nr
of
Cases
%
Crim
ea 1
944
1953
–196
3 Ast
rakh
an
1953
–196
8 Sta
vropol
1963
–196
9 Rost
ov
1953
–200
9, 2
012-
2019
Bulg
aria
1995
–201
8 Koso
vo
1999
–200
8 Russ
ia
2001
–200
6 Alb
ania
2008
Gre
ece
2016
-201
8 Spai
n
1
10
100
1000
10000
0
20
40
60
80
100Cases
Case fatality
South Africa
CCHF CASES PER PROVINCE
SOURCE OF INFECTION
FATALITY RATE
0102030405060708090
100
Laboratory confirmed cases in southern Africa
total of >200 cases 1981- to date • 46.8% tick bite or squashing ticks • 36.8% contact with fresh blood or other tissues
of livestock and/or ticks • 3.5% nosocomial infections arose from contact
with blood or fomites of known CCHF patients, • 12.9% no direct evidence of contact but patients
lived in or visited a rural area
T HE HISTORY OF CCHF IN SOUTH AFRICA
Turkey
2004
2014
2015
2017
https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/zoonotikvektorel-kkka/zoonotikvektorel-kkka-istatistik
Seroprevalance
Yagci-Caglayik D, J Med Virol. 2014
https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/zoonotikvektorel-kkka/zoonotikvektorel-kkka-istatistik
IRAN Iran J Public Health, Vol. 48,
IRAN
Nr
of
Cases
%
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
0
100
200
300
15
20
25
30
Cases
Mortality %
Tadjikistan
366 patients diagnosed with CCHF: 78 died, mortality rate 21.3%.
When analysing transmission routes: 14 (3.8%) - cases through contact with infected cows;256 (70%) - cases in the result of tick bite; 96 (26.2%) - cases in the result of contact with CCHF infected humans
KOSOVO
Seroprevalence
Nr
of
Cases
%
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
50
100
150Cases
Mortality
Kosovo
YearN
r o
f C
ases In
cid
en
ce
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
10
20
30
40
50
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5Cases
Incidence
Bulgaria
BulgariaC
ases
Incid
en
ce
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0Cases
Incidence
Nr
of
Cases
%
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
20
40
60Nr of cases
Mortality
CCHFV seroprevalence in Bulgaria
CCHFV seroprevalence in Greece
Gaps• Lack of systematic epidemiological data from all endemic countries
• Difficult to calculate attack rate in most of endemic countries.
• NO knowledge about the Re-infection!