Creating employment for rural youth and women Youth, decent employment and CAADP 24 th CTA Brussels Rural Development Briefing - 14 September 2011 Major.

Creating employment for rural youth and womenYouth, decent employment and CAADP

24th CTA Brussels Rural Development Briefing - 14 September 2011 Major drivers for rural transformation in Africa: Job creation for rural growth

Peter Wobst, Senior Economist

Economic and Social Development Department

Acquisition of skills & bargaining power

Reducedchild labour

Managedmigration

Rural employment creation

Poverty reduction & social integration

Income generation

More skilled & productive workforce

Food productionEmpowerment

Food security

Better health

Purchasing power

Rural employment, poverty reduction & food security

MDG 1 Targets

1.A Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less than a dollar a day

1.B Achieving full and productive employment and decent work for all including women and young people”

1.C Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Poverty among working youth in Africa

Typical African youth

Poor – rural – little education – (female)little job opportunities

On average 72% of the

youth population in

SSA live on less than US$ 2 a

day

40% of the total

unemployed in SSA are youth

70%of the African

youth population is

lives inrural areas

Source: World Bank 2008/09 Africa Development Indicators

Region

Youth population (%, aged

15-24)

Unemployment rate (%)

Youth unemployme

nt rate (%)

Adults unemployme

nt rate (%)

Labour force participation

rate (%)

Youthlabour force participation

(%)

Adultslabour force participation

(%)

Latin America &

the Caribbean

17.9 7.7 15.7 5.7 65.6 52.7 70.0

North Africa

20.0 9.9 23.4 6.2 51.5 36.6 57.9

South-East Asia & Pac.

18.3 5.2 13.9 3.1 69.5 52.3 75.4

South Asia 19.7* 4.4 9.9 2.8 61.7 48.1 67.2

SSA 20.3 7.9 12.1 6.3 70.8 55.5 79.1

World 17.6 6.3 12.8 4.8 65.3 51.1 69.8

Relevance of rural employment: Youth & adults

Sources: ILO, 2010; UN-DESA, 2008* South and Central Asia

Relevance of youth employment in SSA

Source: Adopted from World Bank Rural Structures Programme (2010)

Employment challenges for rural youth & women

Youth & women face common challenges Work is often temporary and insecure, under informal contracts Lack of access to & control over productive resources (e.g. land & capital) No collateral Low education & inadequate skills (e.g. production & business) Globalization (e.g. uncertainties, variability in prices)

Challenges for rural youth Generational gap (e.g. transfer of indigenous farming knowledge) No employment history and/or low work experience Discriminations often result into higher unemployment rates for young

women

Additional challenges for rural women Often disregarded in labour rights, security benefits (i.e. social protection) Hold a lower employment status in agriculture Girls face more disadvantages in accessing education

Importance of addressing gender in rural employment

Productivity gains 20 - 30% on women’s farms 2.5 - 4% at national level

Food security gains 12 - 17% reduction in number of

hungry 100 - 150 million people lifted

out of hunger

Gains from closing the gender gap in agriculture

Broader economic and social gains Higher human capital, which promotes

socio-economic growth

FAO/ILO/IFAD:Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment:

Differentiated pathways out of

poverty

FAO: The State of Food and Agriculture: Women in Agriculture:

Closing the gender gap for development

FAO’s work on rural employment (RE) for youth

What

Why

How

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the rural economyand the provision of farm and non-farm employment opportunities

can contribute to economic growth and food security

Through Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools (JFFLS)FAO facilitates the education & training of youth for employmentcreation and enterprise development in rural areas

Approaches for youth employment creation

ILO Start Your Business (SYB) Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB)

FAO Farmer Field Schools (FFS) Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools (JFFLS)

UNIDO Salima Agricultural Technology Trainings (SATECH)

IFAD-UNIDO-FAO African Agro-business and agro-industries initiative (3ADI)

Civil Society The Songhai model

Potential multi-stakeholder approaches for youth employment creation suitable under the Rural Futures Initiative

ILO – Start Your Business (SYB)

SYB a system of inter-related training packages and supporting materials for small-scale entrepreneurs in developing and transition economies

SYB training is designed to assist potential entrepreneurs to:

Draft a marketing strategy; Plan their staff needs; Cost their goods and services; Decide about the legal form of their business; Get a clear idea about the licenses and

permits needed; Assess the environmental impact of their

planned business; and Forecast their finances.

The SYB trainings have been implemented in over

90 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

SYB training is equally suitable for men and women in rural and urban areas,both young and old.

FAO – Farmer Field Schools (FFS)

FFS is a group-based learning process adopted by governments, NGOs and international agencies to promote Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The first FFS were designed and managed by FAO in 1989 since then more than 2,000,000 farmers globally have participated in this type of learning.

FFS brings together concepts and methods from:

• agro ecology, • experiential education• community development.

Core principle of FFS & JFFLS isAgro-eco system analysis (AESA )

Analysis

Presentation

Synthesis / Discussion

Observation

Rural Futuresand

JFFLS Agriculture& its linkages

Ecosystems & their services

Development regime & priorities

Governance & democratisation

Global markets & investments

National and regional setting &

priorities

Globalisation & structural change

Rural economy & national

development

Climate change & priorities

Local needs & interests

Human wellbeing & environment

Providing entrepreneurship, business & marketing skills

Facilitating access to credit

Promoting G.A.P. & environmental

awareness

Developing life skills (self esteem, decision-

making skills)

Enhancing agro- skills: field prep.,

planting, IPM, harvesting, irrigation

Promoting Youth Farmers’ Associations

1. Rethinking

the rural sector2. Framing a rural agenda

3. Moving into action

Adapting curricula to local needs &

contexts

Entrenching JFFLS into national employment programmes

Strengthening involved institutions’

capacities

Collaborating withcentral & local authorities

Developing an integrated learning

methodology (agr.&life skills)

Understanding ecosystems

(AESA)

4. Mobilizing support

Aligning to national priorities & promoting national ownership

Rights awareness

Institutionalization of JFFLS in Tanzania

FAO aims at national ownership / scaling-up of JFFLS by incorporating it into national youth employment strategies & programmes

Recent JFFLS methodology training (June 2011):

30 cooperatives were trained by FAO (both Mainland & Zanzibar)

MoL, MoA, MoT & TCF & CUZA focal points included

Strengthens institutions’ capacities to allow a comprehensive inclusion of youth in various agro-value chains selected (cashew, horticulture, seaweed, etc.)

In Tanzania, FAO works with rural institutions - the Tanzania Federation of Cooperatives (TFC) and the Cooperative Union of Zanzibar (CUZA) - to include young women and men in the rural employment sector

Incentives negotiated by FAO & provided by the

TFC & CUZA

Incentives given to cooperatives that include youth as active members

Youth inclusion in the rural

employment sector, encourages their participation

& motivation

JFFLS to date

Since 2004, JFFLS have been initiated in 16 countries & some 20,000 youths (50:50) have graduated from the schools. The programme aims at:

-Reducing youth unemployment, child labour & school dropout rates through relevant education

-Youth employment creation & enterprise development

-Integration & participation in (modern) value chains

-Tackling gender inequalities through gender-sensitive skills training

-Reducing distress rural out-migration through psycho-social support, nutrition, agr. & life skills

Partnerships & alliances

Programme support & advisory services

Capacity development

Policy advice

Key messages

Youth employment in rural areas is an enormous challenge

Productive employment creation for young women and men in rural areas is crucial for achieving MDG 1and feed the world in 2050

Innovative approaches such as JFFLS contribute to youth employment creation & entrepreneurship development in rural areas

National ownership and strategic partnerships are crucial for successful implementation and long-term sustainability

Thank you !

Contact: www.fao-ilo.org / [email protected]