Create by Mrs. Herman 2013. Levels of Organization.

HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

Create by

Mrs. Herman

2013

Levels of Organization

ATOMS

• Smallest part of matter

• NON-living

Molecules • 2 or more bonded atoms

• Form compounds

• NON-living

Organelles• “Tiny organs”

• Made of macromolecules

• Nucleus, ribosomes

Cell• Made of organelles

• Basic unit of life

• Different types of cells have different

functions

• LIVING

Tissue• A lot of the same kind cell working together

• Living

Organs

• Tissues that work together

• Living

Heart, Brain,LungsKidney

• Organs that work together

• Living

Organ Systems

SkeletalMuscularCirculatory

Organism• Entire living things(organisms)

• Usually made of systems

• May be a single cell

• Living

Cell

Organ

System

Organism

Cells are organized in tissues. Different tissues working together

to perform a particular job are called organ. Groups of organs that work together to complete a

series of tasks are called a system. Many systems working together make up an organism.

Tissue

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis (Greek for “staying the same”) is a process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment.

All of your body's systems work together maintain homeostasis inside of your body.

Skeletal System What is the skeletal

system?Bones, cartilage, joints and

other structures. What is the function?

give us shape and support Enables us to move protect our internal organsStore calcium, minerals

and fatProduce blood cells

http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX0a5c1b677557007c776141&t=Skeletal-System

Joints and ligaments

Joints are the place where two bones meet.

Ligaments are the tissue that connect bones to other bones.

Muscular System

http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX710e4305426d0d0f607351&t=Skeletal-System

What is a muscle? Made of strong tissue that can contract

in an orderly way. Function:

Attached to bones to provide support and balance

Protect your body Helps body maintain a constant

temperature.

Voluntary vs. Involuntary muscles

Voluntary - muscles are the ones that you can control. Some examples include your muscles to move your

arm or legs. Involuntary muscles don't need the brain to send

them messages. Some examples are:  the muscles in your heart, the

muscles in your digestive system which move food down to your stomach and The tiny muscles at the bottom of the hairs on your arms which make your hairs stand up when you are cold, or suddenly feel scared.

Types of muscles

Cardiac – involuntary muscle that is found only in the heart

Skeletal – the type of muscle that attaches to bone.

Smooth – involuntary muscles. Contraction of the smooth muscles help move material through the body such as food in the stomach or controls the movement of blood through vessels.

Homeostasis Muscular system helps the body maintain

homeostasis by:Muscle contractions help to keep your body warmHeart muscles contract more often during

exercise to get more oxygen to your cells and release carbon dioxide.

Digestive Systemhttp://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_DSmoviesource.html

Function: to turn the food you eat into useful energy for your body.

4 steps of the digestive system

Digestive System

• Ingestion – the act of eating or putting food in your mouth

• Digestion – the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb.

• Absorption – nutrients and water are taken in by cells

• Elimination – removal of undigested food and other waste from the body

The digestive system maintains homeostasis

by providing nutrients (fuel)

for all other body systems.

Digestive System & Homeostasis

Excretory System

Function: collects and eliminates

wastes from the body and

regulates the level of fluid in the body.

Several different body systems make up the

excretory system.

Types of Excretion

Urinary System processes, transports, collects and removes liquid waste

Respiratory System removes carbon dioxide and water vapor

Integumentary System (skin) secretes excess salt and water though the sweat glands.

Digestive System removes unused, solid waste

Organs of the Urinary System

kidney

ureter

bladder

urethra

Respiratory Systemhttp://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/RSmovie.html

Function: to bring oxygen into the body and get rid of carbon dioxide.

Parts of the Respiratory System include:PharynxLarynxTracheaBronchiLungsAlveoli

Maintaining Homeostasis

The muscular system (diaphragm) interacts with the respiratory system

(lungs) so you can breathe.

Circulatory System Also called your Cardiovascular

System Made up of the heart, blood

and blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

Your body's delivery system. Blood moving from the heart,

delivers oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body.

On the return trip, the blood picks up waste products so that your body can get rid of them

BloodFunction: Blood connects the circulatory system

with all other body systems. It transports substances throughout the body, helps protect

against infection and helps regulate your body’s temperature.

Parts of Blood Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen. White Blood Cells – fight infections. Platelets – help you stop bleeding. Plasma – yellow liquid that carries

nutrients, hormones and proteins.

The Hearthttp://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/heart.html

Immune and Lymphatic System

Function of the Immune System

The immune system defends the body against germs and microorganisms every day.

Different parts of your body work together to keep pathogens (something that causes disease like bacteria, viruses or harmful chemicals) from making you sick.

Parts of the Immune System The immune system is made up of

special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs.

First Line of Defense Function: keeping germs from reaching parts

of the body.

http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/ISmovie.html

Second Line of Defense

White blood cells – attack pathogens

Inflammatory response – cleans injured area and keeps infection from spreading.

Third Line of DefenseThird line

defenders called antibodies are

specific to foreign

substances antigens.

Vocabulary Definition

antigen A substance that causes an immune response

antibody Can attach to the antigen and make it useless

B cell Form and mature in the bone marrow and secrete antibodies into the blood

T cell Form in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. They produce a protein antibody that becomes part of a cell membrane.

allergy An overly sensitive immune response to a common antigen.

What is ImmunityThe resistance to specific pathogen.

The immune system works to maintain homeostasis by protecting against invaders.

Lymphatic SystemThe Lymphatic System is part of the

immune system and helps destroy microorganisms that enter the body.

Functions of the Lymphatic System

absorbs some of the tissue fluid that collects around cells.

absorbs fats from the digestive system and transports them to the circulatory system.

filters dead cells, viruses, bacteria, and other unneeded particles from tissue fluid and then returns the tissue fluid to the circulatory system.

helps fight off illness and infections and includes structures in which white blood cells develop.

Parts of the Lymphatic System

Lymph Lymph Vessels Lymph Nodes Bone Marrow Thymus Spleen Tonsils

Lymphatic System and Homeostasis

regulating fluid buildup around cells.

supports the circulatory system by cleaning fluids and replacing them in the bloodstream.

supports overall health by helping fight infection.

The Nervous System

The Nervous System is the

part of an organism that

gathers, processes and

responds to information.

Function of the Nervous System

Gathering Information

Responding to Stimuli

Maintaining Homeostasis

Parts of the Nervous System

The Central Nervous System the brainThe spinal cord

The Peripheral Nervous SystemSomatic system – controls the skeletal

musclesAutonomic system – controls smooth

and cardiac muscles

How i t works

Neurons – nerve cells are the basic functioning unit of the nervous system

A dendrite receives information from another neuron or from another cell in your body.

The cell body processes that information The axon sends information out to another

neuron or cell in your body.

The Brain – the Control CenterFunction- It receives information, processes it

and sends out a response. It also stores information as memories.

3 parts – 3 functions

Cerebrum – controls memory, language and thought.

Cerebellum – coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulates balance and posture. (stores information about those movements about riding a bicycle or tying a shoe)

Brain stem – controls involuntary functions.

(sneezing, swallowing and coughing)

Maintaining Homeostasis

Your body maintains homeostasis by receiving information from your environment and responding to it.

The nervous system signals other systems such as the digestive, endocrine, and the circulatory system