PowerPoint Presentation
Crash Investigation and Black Spot Assessment
By
Ravishankar RajaramanTechnical Director, JP Research India Pvt.
Ltd.Chairman, RASSI Technical Committee
WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision ZeroBhubaneswar,
18-20 September 2016
Saving lives through accident research!
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JPRI Crash Investigation Methodology
19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision
Zero2
Saving lives through accident research!
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Lack of reliable crash data19 September, 2016WRI India
Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero3
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Changing the way India looks at crashesScientific basis
required.
Purpose should not be limited to which driver is responsible for
the crash.
Determination of all possible contributing factors leading to
the crash and the consequential injuries.19 September, 2016WRI
India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero4
Saving lives through accident research!Example caseCrash
location: IntersectionCrash time: 01:15 hrsOne occupant of car
fatal.The occupant was entrapped and evacuation took hours.
TRUCKCAR19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India
Vision Zero5Courtesy: Google Earth
Saving lives through accident research!Crash Scene Examination
Travel direction of tipper
Car19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision
Zero6
Identification and marking of vehicle trajectories (skid/brake
marks), point of impact and final resting positions.
Taking pictures and measurements.
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Crash Scene Diagram (to scale)
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Zero7
Saving lives through accident research!Crash Vehicle
Examination19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India
Vision Zero8
Saving lives through accident research!CCTV Footage19 September,
2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero9
Courtesy: Ahmedabad City Police
Saving lives through accident research!Speed Estimation
Tipper
Time - 1:45:705 (m:ss:ms)Time - 1:47:278 (m:ss:ms)Distance :
17.4m for tipper19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities -
India Vision Zero10
Saving lives through accident research!Speed Estimation Car
Time - 1:45:685 (m:ss:ms)Time - 1:47:269 (m:ss:ms)Distance : 9m
for car
19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision
Zero11
Saving lives through accident research!Speed
CalculationsVelocities to be foundValuesResults (kmph)Tipper
average speed (kmph) V = distance / time (m/s) x 3.6d = 17.4 m t =
1.573 s40Car average speed (kmph)V = distance / time (m/s) x 3.6d =
9 mt = 1.825 s18
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Zero12
Saving lives through accident research!Accident View
Tipper driver view19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities
- India Vision Zero13Reconstruction: PC Crash Simulation
Driver vision obstruction due to median plantation and
structures.
Low sight distance resulted in late reaction by tipper
driver.
Saving lives through accident research!Contributing factors for
this crashOverloaded tipperCar driver did not wait to check before
crossingCar occupant entrapmentCar occupant evacuation timeVision
obstruction because of median plantation
Is there a more systematic way to identify these factors?Haddon
Matrix.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India
Vision Zero14
Saving lives through accident research!Haddon MatrixCreated by
Dr. William Haddon Jr. A physician and doctor.Widely considered to
be the father of modern injury epidemiology.Haddon Matrix was
developed in the late 1950s.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable
Cities - India Vision Zero15
Dr. William Haddon Jr. Source: www.icadts.org
Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix: 3
FactorsSpecifying and examining the 3 factors19 September, 2016WRI
India Sustainable Cities - India Vision
Zero16HUMANVEHICLEINFRASTRUCTURE/ ENVIRONMENT
Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix: 3
PhasesIn a timeline of 3 phases of a traffic accident:
Pre-crash: Prevention of crash
Crash: Prevention/reduction of injury
Post-crash: Life-sustaining
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Zero17
Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix: 3 x
319 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision
Zero18
PHASESFACTORS
Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix19
September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision
Zero19FACTORSPHASEHUMANVEHICLEINFRASTRUCTUREPRE-CRASHCrash
PreventionInformationAttitudesImpairmentPolice
enforcementRoadworthinessWorking lightsGood brakesHandlingSpeed
controlRoad design and layoutSpeed limitsPedestrian
FacilitiesCRASHInjury prevention during the crashUse of safety
systemsOccupant restraintsOther Safety devicesCrash protective
designCrash protective roadside objectsPOST-CRASHLife
SustainingFirst-aid skillAccess to medicsEase of accessFire
riskRescue facilitiesCongestion
123456789
Saving lives through accident research!Apply Haddon Matrix to
tipper-car crash19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities -
India Vision
Zero20FACTORSPHASEHUMANVEHICLEINFRASTRUCTUREPRE-CRASHCrash
PreventionInformationAttitudesImpairmentPolice
enforcementRoadworthinessWorking lightsGood brakesHandlingSpeed
controlRoad design and layoutSpeed limitsPedestrian
FacilitiesCRASHInjury prevention during the crashUse of safety
systemsOccupant restraintsOther Safety devicesCrash protective
designCrash protective roadside objectsPOST-CRASHLife
SustainingFirst-aid skillAccess to medicsEase of accessFire
riskRescue facilitiesCongestion
Car - Violation of right of way
Truck - OverloadingCar - Passenger compartment intrusionVision
obstruction due to median plantationCar Occupant EntrapmentCar
Occupant Evacuation
Saving lives through accident research!JPRI-EMBARQ India Crash
Data Collection Forms3-4 page form and coding manual for in-depth
data collection 19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities -
India Vision Zero21
Saving lives through accident research!Analysis: Fatal
Pedestrian Accidents in Kolkata City
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Zero22
Infrastructure has 100% influence on the occurrence of fatal
pedestrian accidents
Poor Pedestrian InfrastructureSource: Kolkata city fatal
accident study report 2014 - 2015
Saving lives through accident research!Contributing factors for
fatal pedestrian accidentsHuman (81%)Vehicle (100%)Infrastructure
(100%)Speeding more than 30Kmph (77%)Pedestrian knocked down to the
ground (66%)Poor pedestrian infrastructure crossing (72%)Driver
inattention / Distraction (8%)Pedestrian run over (34%)Poor
pedestrian infrastructure walking alongside (28%)NoneVision
obstruction due to vehicle interiors (8%)None
19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision
Zero23Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 -
2015
Saving lives through accident research!Black spots19 September,
2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero24
GPS Coordinates of 316 fatal accidents from Nov 2014 to Nov
2015.
No 2 fatal accidents occurred at the same location.
Fatal accidents are widely spread around Kolkata city.
Saving lives through accident research!
Infrastructure factors leading to fatal pedestrian crossing
accidents72% of fatal pedestrian accident occurs when pedestrians
are trying to cross the road. 76% of fatal pedestrian crossing
accident occurs at or near junctions.
19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision
Zero25Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 -
2015
Saving lives through accident research!Example fatal pedestrian
crossing accidentCrossing distance >10 m19 September, 2016WRI
India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero26
Source: Kolkata Traffic Police
Saving lives through accident research!Infrastructure factors
leading to fatal pedestrian walking alongside accidents28% of fatal
pedestrian accidents occur when pedestrians are walking alongside
the road.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India
Vision Zero27
Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015
Saving lives through accident research!Black spot assessment on
Mum Pune EwayZero Fatality Corridor Project
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Zero28
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Making Overhead Bridge Pillars Forgiving19 September, 2016WRI
India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero29
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ASSESS ROAD SAFETY USING CRASH DATA
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Zero30
Saving lives through accident research!SummaryOn-site crash
investigations required for reliable crash data.
Haddon Matrix needs to be applied for systematic determination
of all contributing factors in a crash.
Contributing Infrastructure Factors identified can then be
analysed for assessing black spot issues and providing suitable
interventions.
Infrastructure design has a significant influence on road
accidents.
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Zero31
Saving lives through accident research!Thank You
KOLKATA
PUNE
AHMEDABAD
[email protected]
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