CPUSH unit 5 PP 2

CPUSH UNIT 5PP 2

7.4 and 8.1Jackson and the BUS

First Unions

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States)

Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter Jackson is suspicious of the BUS, sees it as a threat

to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to “corrupt” politicians

Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS and its President Nicholas Biddle

Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business.HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the

Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank

Jackson opposed the National Bank Personal problems

(corrupt politicians, Biddle)

Saw the bank as a symbol of Northern wealth and power

“Common Man” Pet Banks Formation of “Whig”

Party Jackson viewed as a king

(Veto!!)

Jackson v. The BUS and Nicholas Biddle

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become President after him and to lead the Democratic Party.

PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects

What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?

Fed $ put in

WildcatBanks

SpecieCircular

1836“run” on

BankNotes

Banks stop accepting

paper $Bank

closingsUnemployment

& Recession

What problems were created for the emerging industrial workforce by changes in manufacturing in the 1800’s?

How did workers respond to these challenges?

For Skilled Workers?

For Unskilled Workers?

For Women?

SHIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN MANUFACTURING

Weaving factories end the “putting-out system” of the “cottage-industry” or production in homes

Decline of hand-produced goods Unskilled laborers replaces skilled laborers

(masters, journeymen, and apprentices)

Factory products become cheaper, more available

Changes split families & traditional Communities

Lowell, Massachusetts:Birthplace of American Industry

1828: Women are 90% of the mill workforce

Mill owners use women b/c they are paid less

“Mill Girls” are primarily unmarried girls, supervised closely by female supervisors

Opportunity to earn money and leave the farm

STRIKES AT LOWELL Worked 12 hour day, 6 days a week Poor wages, poor ventilation, poor

conditions 1834: Mill workers strike over a pay cut; it

fails 1836: Second strike over new pay cuts; it

also fails. 1844: Mill workers form Lowell Female

Labor reform Association & petition state legislature.

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Women begin to organize for political and social change.

Workers Seek Better Conditions

1835: Nations first general strike in Philly (=a strike by skilled and unskilled workers) Began by coal workers

Employers use “strikebreakers” to crush strikes, using poor immigrants

By 1840’s new immigrants are organizing their own strikes: Irish Dockworkers strike in NY in 1840’s Ladies Industrial Association, NY in 1845

National Trades’ UnionWorkers, or journeymen, begin to organize collectively, rather than by specific trades more bargaining power.

1834: Journeymen from several industries organize the National Trades’ Union. Courts declare the Unions illegal.

1842: Mass. Supreme Court affirms worker’s rights in Commonwealth v. Hunt.

1860: only 5,000 workers are unionized, though 20,000 participate in strikes