CP UNIT #4

CP UNIT #4Challenges of the Greatest

Generation1920s

Today’s Agenda

1. Grade Tree2. Review Unit 3 Test

A’s, B’s, C’s – receive curveD’s, F’s – must have test signed to receive curve

3. Unit 4 Pre-Test – Easy Way or Hard Way4. Introduction Notes5. Class work – Video (NO TALKING)

Key Learning• Challenges of the Greatest Generation (1919-

1945): Students will examine and analyze primary and secondary sources in order to differentiate between historical fact and historical interpretation.

Unit Essential Question

• How do primary and secondary sources present different accounts of the 1920s, Great Depression and World War II?

1920’s America

The roaring twenties: the best of times or the worst of times???

•Postwar attitudes•Social and Cultural Movements•Economics of the 20’s

1920’s Politics

• A Republican decade: republican presidents took credit for the improving economy of the early-mid 20’s

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover

1920’s Economy

• Americans optimistic about economy in the 1920’s.

1. Value of stocks soar2. Increase in real wages: value of money3. Trust and confidence in big business 4. Welfare Capitalism

Crash Course

Class work

• 1920s Webquest

Homework

• Read – – Chapter 24 Section 1

Concept #1 – 1920s• Concept Essential Question – How did the Roaring

Twenties affect economic policy and cause social change?

• Lesson Question #1 – – How did politics and the economy change during the

1920s? – What impact will these changes have on future events?

• Vocabulary – Isolation DisarmamentKellog-Briand Pact Assembly LineInstallment Buying Bull MarketOn Margin

“A Return to NORMALCY”

• The words above were said by Warren G Harding during his inauguration speech in March 1920. What do you think he meant by these words?

• Be prepared to share with class.

1920 Election

• Warren G Harding defeated James Cox– Cabinet Members

• Andrew Mellon (Sec of Treasury)• Herbert Hoover (Sec of Commerce)

– “Ohio Gang”• Problems

– Teapot Dome Scandal

Death of President Harding

• August 1923 – Harding has heart attack and dies– Caused by scandals involving friends

• VP Calvin Coolidge “Silent Cal”– Sworn in by father– Tight with money and words

1924 Election

• Calvin Coolidge vs. Robert La Follette and John Davis– Voters = “Keep Cool with Coolidge”– Prosperity for all Americans depended on business

prosperity– Cut government regulations

Foreign Affairs• US Foreign Policy – Isolation• Peace Treaties with WWI enemies

– Did not join League of Nations• Soviet Union

– Lenin creates Communist State– 1921 – Famine (US sends $20 million)

• Saved 10 million Russians

• Latin America– 1926 – Nicaragua– 1927 – Mexico

Disarmament• Washington Conference

– 4 Power Treaty – respect country’s Pacific holdings• US, England, France, Japan

– 5 Power Treaty – freeze navies at 1921 levels• US, England, France, Japan & Italy

– 9 Power Treaty – “Open Doors” to China• US, England, France, Japan, Italy, Belgium, China,

Netherlands, Portugal

• Kellog-Briand Pact

Calvin Coolidge

• “The business of America is business. The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there.” – What does this quote say about the American

point of view on business?

Homework

• Chapter 24 Section 2

What is one TV commercial that has influenced you to buy its product? Explain

why

Rise in Consumerism

• Buy more stuff!!!

New patterns of consumption (people are buying more) and leisure (people have more free time) appear in the

1920’s.

WHY?

1. Henry Ford and the Assembly Line

• Henry Ford, develops the assembly line and specialization as new processes of production for automobiles

• Mass produces a few models of cars– 14 hours to 93 minutes

• Cost - $850 down to $290

• Ford changes the way industries produce goods: mass production = available for everyone

• What impact will there be on other industries?

2. Technological Advances

• New technologies emerge that make production of goods easier, faster, and more efficient- can make more and more stuff for the everyday consumer!

3. Credit and Installment Buying

• Buy now, pay later!

• Makes it accessible for everyday people to buy more, and worry about paying for it later

• Leads to a buying spree in the 1920’s

• Americans by luxury goods like radios, sewing machines, fridges, cars

• By 1929, almost 75% of consumer goods were being bought on credit

4. Advertising• Advertisements and movies fed peoples’ desire to

buy material things

• Americans now buy for pleasure as well as need

•What is this ad trying to sell?•Who is the target consumer?•What about this ad might catch their interest? (find examples in the text AND images)•What social or cultural values are being promoted in this ad? Explain.•What is the unstated message that the ad is using to persuade people to buy the product?

•What is this ad trying to sell?•Who is the target consumer?•What about this ad might catch their interest? (find examples in the text AND images)•What social or cultural values are being promoted in this ad?•What is the unstated message that the ad is using to persuade people to buy the product?

•What is this ad trying to sell?•Who is the target consumer?•What about this ad might catch their interest? (find examples in the text AND images)•What social or cultural values are being promoted in this ad?•What is the unstated message that the ad is using to persuade people to buy the product?

Do you follow fashion and culture trends, or do you

consider yourself a trendsetter?

STOCK MARKETLet’s make a quick buck!!!

SpeculationBuy it on credit! & We can make a quick profit!

• These attitudes led to an increase in speculation over investment

– Speculation: short term investment at high risks, looking for a fast, high profit

– Investment: long term, low risk investment, with steady profits and concern about the value of the company they’re invested in

Buying on marginA common way for smaller-time investors to enter the stock market

on credit

Buying on Margin- Risky

• “Call loans”- banks loaned the money to the broker to cover the cost. The bank could call for payment in as little as 24 hrs.

• Stock prices rise = no problems• Stock prices fall:

1. banks would call in loans from brokers2. brokers would have to increase margins (amt. of cash the

customer paid forward) to raise enough cash…or sell the stock3. customer has to pay more or risk losing his stock

A Pool of Speculators• They buy large amts. of stock and sometimes trade amongst

themselves- drives up stock price

• More investors jump in when they see increase trading of that stock- those in the pool make huge profits

• Investors try to sell, cause a panic, and the stock collapses

3. U.S. a Creditor Nation• Countries owed U.S. money

• High tariffs kept foreign countries from selling in U.S.

• Countries defaulted on loans. Couldn’t pay back U.S.

4. Easy Credit• People spend more than they could afford

Class Work

• Advertising – – Partner or Individual Work– Select a current product or create a new product– Come up with a new advertising campaign for the

product that you and your partner have selected– Create rough draft– Turn in FINAL COPY on large paper

Exit Ticket

• What future problems could the events in the 1920s lead to?

Homework

• Chapter 24 Section3

Concept #1 – 1920s

• Lesson Essential Question #2 – – How did social and cultural norms change in the 1920s?

• Vocabulary – Prohibition 18th Amendment Bootleggers 19th AmendmentSpeakeasiesFadFlapper

Prohibition

• 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act- the sale and manufacture of alcohol is banned in the United States

Inspired by temperance movement: alcohol is a drain on society and the root cause of many problems in American society

1. Why do you think the 18th Amendment passed?2. Why would some people think it would be a good

idea to stop people from drinking?3. Do you think stopping the manufacturing and

selling of alcohol would keep people from drinking?4. What kinds of problems may arise from shutting

down the business and industry of alcohol?

Quiz1-2. What amendment banned the sale,

consumption and manufacturing of alcohol? What year did it start?

3-4. Where were women still treated differently then men? Give an example.

5. What new appliance had a huge impact on American entertainment?

6-7. Name 2 new kind of music that were popular during the 1920s.

8-10. Name a famous author, movie star and sports figure from the 1920s.

Prohibition• Era of “clear thinking and clean living” • Nearly impossible to enforce

– Why?• Leads to bootlegging, speakeasies, and organized crime

Class work

• St Valentine’s Day Massacre– Read Story– Complete worksheet & essay

Video

• The Untouchables• America – The Story of US: Prohibition

What is the prohibition argument like today?

Some argue that if the government legalizes marijuana, that would eliminate the illegal drug

market in the U.S., and thus decrease crime, gang violence, and could be a way for the government to

raise more funds.

-A controversial argument, like alcohol prohibition was in the 1920’s

Repeal

• 1933 – 21st Amendment– Prohibition ends

Homework

• Chapter 24 Section 4

Social Change for Women• 19th Amendment -Suffrage- women achieve the right to vote in

1920– Women had made great strides during WWI

• 1923 – Equal Rights Amendment • New Freedoms

The Movies• 1920s – More leisure time

– Late 1800s – Thomas Edison 1st moving picture camera

• Movie Industry– Hollywood, CA– Westerns, Romances, Adventures, Comedies– No Sound– Movie Stars

• Rudolph Valentino, Charlie Chaplin– 1927 – Jazz Singer

Mass Society

• Radio• Car Culture

Jazz• Jazz- rooted in African American

culture, a distinct new music that flourished in cities

• Jazz = exciting, new, non-traditional

• An expression of freedom• New Dances – Charleston,

Shimmy

• Sparks a new culture characterized by new dances, attitudes, and new identities.

• Flapper- the symbol of the woman in the jazz age

Jazz Culture

• jazz culture further inspired women’s independence and changed their traditional roles in society

*HOWEVER this idea was not universal for all women. Traditional social ideas held strong.

Fads

• What is a Fad?– Mah-jongg, Dance marathon, flag-pole sitting

Flapper: Outspoken young woman with boyish manners and dressJoe Zilch: A loserJellybean: A hip, hot young maleGold-digger: Flapper looking for a rich boyfriend or husbandCat's Meow: Something wonderful or someone who is cute: He/she’s the cat’smeow" means "he/she’s cute"Bee's Knees: Same as "cat’s meow"Sugar Daddy: Financially well-to-do man, often with a reputation for giving big giftsBlind date: Date between a boy and girl who’d never met before; usually arranged by friendsStuck on: Attached; in love. Those two are "stuck on" each other.Moonshine, giggle water, hooch, bathtub gin: Among the many terms for bootlegliquorNifty, swell: Cool, excellent, that’s greatRitzy, swanky: High class, coolPeppy: Full of energy, giddyGoofy: Something or someone stupid. Can also mean in love. "He’s goofy for her."Go fly a kite!: Get away from me!For crying out loud!: Something outrageous, stupid, unbelievableHard-boiled: Someone with cold manners, not sentimentalHot diggety dog!: Expression of excitement

Reaction to Change• Many feared cultural changes were damaging American society

• Do your parents react the same way today?

Literature

• Criticized US society – cared too much about money and fun

• New Authors – – Ernest Hemingway – A Farewell to Arms– Sinclair Lewis – Babbitt & Main Street – F. Scott Fitzgerald – The Great Gatsby

Social ChangeJazz Age

• Great Migration: WWI caused a general migration of African Americans from the south to find industrial work in the north

• The Harlem Renaissance: NYC becomes an artistic hotspot

Harlem Renaissance

• Rebirth of African American Culture• Langston Hughes

Heroes of the 1920s

• Bobby Jones – golf • Bill Tilden & Helen Willis – Tennis• Gertrude Ederle – swam English Channel

Heroes of the 1920s

• Babe Ruth – “Sultan of Swat”• Charles Lindbergh – “Lucky Lindy”

– 1927 – solo flight across Atlantic

Class work – Create a Newscast

• Create a newscast focusing on the events, issues, and public figures of this decade.

• Groups of 2-3 and create a newscast following the format of 1920’s-30’s radio news programs.

• Newscasts should include feature stories that demonstrate understanding of one major social issue, one influence on urban life, and one cultural movement of the 1920’s. – Additional stories might cover one or more of the following topics:

weather, sports, entertainment, biographies of important people, traffic, commentaries, and political cartoons.

• Each group member should write 1-2 stories for the newscast.

Class work

• Complete 1920s Issues and Current Issues Reading– Answer all questions in complete sentences on

separate piece of paper

Homework• Read –

– Chapter 24 Section 5

Exit Ticket

• How did culture change during the 1920s? What kind of reaction was there from older generations? Was there reaction any different from what may occur today?

Concept #1 – 1920s

• Lesson Essential Question #3 – How did Americans fears of “different” ideas lead to conflict?

• VocabularyAnarchistsRed ScareQuota System

Fears in America

• During the 1920s Americans became afraid of ideas that were different.

• Create a list of at least 5 ideas or events that scared Americans. Explain why Americans were afraid of them.

• You may work with a partner. • Be prepared to share with class.

Fears in America

1. 2.3.4.5.

• The massive demand of WWI diminished quickly in 1920’s

• Farmers were left with surpluses and falling prices

Farmers in trouble

Setbacks for Labor

• WWI – unions worked with government to keep production high

• After WWI – workers demanded higher pay– No help from government– Workers went on strike

• 1919 – Boston Police Department

Red Scare• Russian Revolution leads to Red

Scare: when fear of communism, socialism, and other radical political ideas swept across the US

• Anarchists

• These ideas will destroy everything that makes America great!

• Thousands arrested and jailed• Foreigners deported

Palmer Raids

• Attorney General Mitchell Palmer leads a campaign to round up anyone thought to have radical political views

• Many are arrested without actually committing any crime

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial • Two Italian immigrants, known

to be anarchists

• Arrested & executed for murder. But there was doubt about their guilt

Nativism• Foreign born immigrants could never be fully loyal Americans

• Distrust and fear of things un-American

• Congress passes law to limit immigration

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

NW C E S Asia

19211926

Europe

Immigration to the U.S., 1921 and 1926

Limiting Immigration

• After WWI – Europe in ruins• Coolidge – “America must be kept American”• 1921 – Emergency Quota Act

– Set up quota system• 1924 – Congress passed laws cutting

immigration from Eastern Europe

Fundamentalism• Christian religious movement that

says that every word in the people was inspired by God

• Scopes Trial- A biology teacher from Tennessee is arrested for teaching evolution (Darwin) – Nicknamed “Monkey Trial”– Science vs. Religion

Ku Klux Klan• Starts recruiting in large numbers

with the use of mass-marketing techniques

• Targets all non-white protestant peoples

• Movement dies again by late 1920’s

African American Culture

• Great Migration– 1919 – Chicago

• Marcus Garvey – Universal Negro Improvement Association – “Back to Africa”

1928 Election

• Republicans ran nation for 8 years• Coolidge – “I do not choose to run”• Herbert Hoover vs. Alfred Smith

– Represented division in country

HOWEVER, all was not well!

Class work

• 1920s – Cartoon Analysis

Homework

• Study for 1920s test• Notebook and historical events

Exit Ticket

• How did cultural changes cause conflict in the United States?