CP methodology adapted to UNFCCC Swedish International Development Agency S ESSION 9.A United Nations Environment Program Division of Technology Industry.

CP methodology adapted to UNFCCC

Swedish International Development Agency

SESSION 9.A

United Nations Environment ProgramDivision of Technology Industry and Economy

ACME Applying CLEANER PRODUCTION to MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS

The “CP Methodology” has been adapted to the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) with focus on green house gas (GHG) emission reduction opportunities through energy efficiency improvement.

ACME - Session 9.A - CP methodology adapted to UNFCCC - 2 / 32

INTRODUCTIONCP approach to UNFCCC

CP methodology is tailored to focus on energy (which is less visible than waste, water and raw materials use) in a industry.

The methodology explains:

What should be done in theory.

How it is done in practice.


METHODOLOGYFocus on energy efficiency

1/ The Cleaner Production (CP) strategy:- prevention of waste;

- systematic approach;

- integrated into business processes;

- aimed at continuous improvement.

2/ Several existing CP and energy audit methodologies.

3/ Real practice experience from energy assessments carried out in the past.


METHODOLOGYMethodology based on 3 elements

Companies can improve their energy efficiency through the same 6-step Cleaner Production approach with little adaptation

Under each step there are several tasks.

Each task describes what a company should do to conserve energy and thereby reduce GHG emissions.


METHODOLOGYHow to use it?

STEP 1Planning and Organization

STEP 2Assessment

STEP 3Identification of Options

STEP 5Implementation and Monitoring

STEP 6Continuous Improvement

STEP 4Feasibility Analysis of Options


METHODOLOGYCP methodology adapted to UNFCCC

1a - Meeting with top management1b - Form a Team and inform staff1c - Pre-assessment to collect general information1d - Select focus areas1e - Prepare assessment proposal for top management approval

2a - Staff meeting and training2b - Prepare focus area flow charts2c - Walkthrough of focus areas2d - Quantify inputs and outputs and costs to establish a baselines2e - Quantify losses through a material and energy balance

3a - Determine causes of losses3b - Identify possible options3c - Screen options for feasibility analysis

4a - Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of options4b - Rank feasible options for implementation4c - Prepare implementation and monitoring proposal for top management approval

5a - Implement options and monitor results

6a - Prepare proposal to continue with energy efficiency for top management approval

Purpose of step 1:

- To obtain top management commitment

- Plan and organize an energy assessment

Without an approved plan, there is no commitment!

Output of step 1:

A written proposal with selected steps and tasks to improve the company’s energy efficiency, approved by top management.


STEP 1Planning and Organization

If you are top management

Purpose of this first meeting is to get the commitment of company middle managers, staff and/or external facilitators to carry out a pre-assessment and write a proposal for a detailed energy assessment.

If you are a company middle manager or external facilitator

Purpose of this first meeting is to get top management’s approval for a pre-assessment and writing of a proposal for a detailed energy assessment.


STEP 1AMeeting with top management

A Team of 4 - 6 people should be formed with:

1. Person who knows the main energy uses and environmental impacts of the company.

e.g. the Environment Manager or Energy Manager

2. Person who knows the production process. e.g. the Head of Production

3. Person with access to general company information and energy cost data.

e.g. the company’s Accountant or Finance Manager

4. A communications or training person.

5. A top management representative who normally is not part of the Team’s day-to-day work.


STEP 1BForm a team and inform staff

The main purpose of the pre-assessment at company level is to collect and review general information:

- to identify the potential areas for energy savings;

- to write a realistic proposal to top management.


STEP 1CPre-assessment to collect information

Information collected should include:

- General company details, organization chart with the different departments and main functions;

- General production flow chart for the whole company with the main inputs and outputs for each production step;

- Production data for the past 3 years;

- Energy and other resource consumption data and costs for the past 3 years;

- An inventory of major equipment;

- Overview of information collected for each process step / for each department;

- Company greenhouse gas (GHG’s) emissions.

A focus area can be:

- The entire plant.

- A department, production line, or process step, such as the kiln or the packaging plant.

- Specific (energy) equipment or resources, such as steam, compressed air, motors, or fans.


STEP 1DSelect focus areas

Assessment proposal for top management approval:

It is important to obtain top management commitment because an energy assessment costs money and staff time and can interrupt the production process.

This proposal can be prepared within the company or by an external facilitator who has been involved in tasks 1a to 1d.

The assessment proposal should include:Objectives, Scope (i.e. focus area), Outputs, Approach, Methodology, Team, Time planning , Budget.


STEP 1EPrepare assessment proposal


STEP 2Assessment

Purpose of step 2:

To assess where energy is lost/wasted for the focus area(s).

Output of step 1:

- An overview of the quantity of energy lost;

- Estimate of costs required for the assessment for the focus area(s).

Then it becomes easier to identify options to improve energy efficiency in step 3!

Organizing staff meeting and training before commencing the Assessment:

- to inform staff about the assessment (particularly from focus area but preferably everyone from top management to production staff throughout the plant);

- to inform their roles to get their support.


STEP 2AStaff meeting and training

Preparation of flow chart for each of the selected focus areas:

- List the different steps of the focus area;

- List the most important inputs (resources) for each step;

- List the most important outputs for each step;

- List the intermediate and final products between the steps.


STEP 2BPrepare focus area flow charts

Conduction of detailed walkthrough of the focus areas, usually starting at the first step of the process flow chart and finishing at the last step.

The purpose of the walkthrough is to:

- Better understand the focus area;

- Get feedback from production staff about problems…

- Write down any visible losses of energy and materials;

- Obtain information about quantities and costs for the inputs and outputs of each focus area step.


STEP 2CWalkthrough of focus areas

Establishing baseline by quantifying inputs and outputs consisting of:

- Quantities (e.g. tons of coal per day)

- Costs (e.g. $ per ton of coal)

- Other characteristics (e.g. temperature of water going in and out of the boiler, pressure)


STEP 2DEstablishing a baseline

Quantification of losses through material and energy balance

Whatever goes into a process must come out somewhere else.

Based on the process flow chart and quantified inputs and outputs prepared in the previous tasks, “balance” the inputs and outputs.


STEP 2EQuantify losses


STEP 3Identification of Options

Purpose of step 3:

To identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency for the selected focus areas.

Output of step 3:

List of options that will be investigated on their feasibility in step 4.

Once losses have been identified, it is important to Identify the ‘cause’.

The best way to analyze the causes is:

- by answering the question: Why are these losses occurring?

- through a brainstorm session with the Team and other staff from the focus areas.


STEP 3ADetermine causes of losses

Identification of Possible options:

Through brainstorm session with the Team and other staff from the focus areas.

Options can fall in the following categories:

- Good housekeeping

- Improved process management

- Production process / equipment modification

- New technology / equipment

- Input material substitution

- On-site reuse / recovery

- Production of useful by-product.

- Product modification


STEP 3BIdentify possible options

The easiest way of screening is by categorising the options as follows:

- Options that can be implemented directly;

- Options that require further analysis;

- Options that can be considered at a later stage.


STEP 3CScreen options for feasibility analysis

Purpose of step 4:

- to determine which options are technically, financially and environmentally feasible;

- in what order they should be implemented.

Output of step 4 :

- a proposal that is approved by top management, with recommended options for implementation;

- procedure to do this;

- a list of options that require further investigation or which are not feasible.


STEP 4Feasibility Analysis of Options

Techno - economic and environmental evaluation of options

Team should :

- Investigate which options are technically, economically and environmentally feasible.

- Identify other possible reasons for implementing the option.

- Think of possible barriers to implementing the option.


STEP 4AEvaluation of options

Prioritizing options for Implementation:

1. Options to be implemented in the short terme.g. within one year

2. Options recommended for implementation but in the longer term

3. Option recommended for further investigation, or to be considered at a later stage / non feasible options


STEP 4BRank feasible options for implementation

Proposal for Implementation and Monitoring Plan to top management should include:

- An introduction

- Number of options identified

- Options investigated for feasibility

- Feasible options

- Options requiring further investigation

- Non feasible options


STEP 4CImplementation and monitoring proposal

Options recommended for implementation in the short term:

- Total estimated investment required, annual ongoing costs, annual savings and payback period

-Total estimated environmental benefits

- Most important other reasons for implementation

- Most persistent and difficult barriers and proposed solutions

- Table with list of options


STEP 4CImplementation and monitoring proposal

Purpose of step 5:

- to implement feasible options in order of priority;

- monitor results of implemented options;

- discuss findings with top management.

Output of step 5:

- improved energy efficiency;

- reduced costs and reduced GHG emissions from implemented options;

- agreement with top management about the next steps.


STEP 5Implementation and Monitoring

The monitoring should include:

- Economic results.

- Environmental results.

- Other results (e.g. any other benefits from the option like improved legal compliance, reduced injuries etc. and barriers encountered if any).


STEP 5AImplement options and monitor results

Purpose of step 6:

To ensure that the company continues with improving energy efficiency in a systematic way that is integrated in company processes (these are the key components of Cleaner Production).

Output of step 6 :

- continuation of implementing energy efficiency options;

- integration of energy management into company processes.


STEP 6Continuous Improvement

Preparation of proposal to continue energy efficiency

Assessment proposal:

- for the assessment of new selected focus areas;

- feasibility analysis of the additional options selected for further investigation.

Implementation and monitoring proposal:

- for additional options selected for implementation;

- energy management improvement options.


STEP 6APrepare a proposal to continue

CONCLUSIONEnd of session 9.A

Thank you for your attention…Any questions?


CP methodology adapted to UNFCCC Swedish International Development Agency S ESSION 9.A United Nations Environment Program Division of Technology Industry.

Documents

energy efficiencymethodology1

energy balance3a

energy assessments

energy assessmentwithout

detailed energy assessment

companys energy efficiency

assessment proposal

energy audit methodologies