Coverage Evaluation for Recreational and Cultural Facilities … · 2018. 9. 26. · Coverage Evaluation for Recreational and Cultural Facilities through Accessibility in Pitalito,

Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol. 11, 2018, no. 84, 4147 - 4158

HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com

https://doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.87334

Coverage Evaluation for Recreational and Cultural

Facilities through Accessibility in Pitalito,

Colombia

Diego A. Escobar and Jorge A. Montoya

Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Manizales,

Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Departamento de Ingeniería

Civil. Cra 27 # 64-60, Manizales 170004, Colombia

Jorge A. Galindo

Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Manizales

Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Escuela de Arquitectura y Urbanismo

Cra 27 # 64-60, Manizales 170004, Colombia

Copyright © 2018 Diego A. Escobar, Jorge A. Montoya and Jorge A. Galindo. This article is

distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The promotion and development of cultural and recreational activities, facilitates

the integral formation of youth and society in general, indirectly guaranteeing the

reduction of health problems, citizen behavior, security, among others. For this

reason, it is proposed to perform the coverage evaluation through accessibility of

the set of cultural and recreational facilities in the municipality of Pitalito, Huila, in

order to promote their use and growth, and activities for the population

development. The research methodology addressed considers the use of digital

elements (software), in order to perform more accurate calculations and easy

interpretation from geostatistical models.

Keywords: Accessibility, recreation, culture, coverage, geostatistics

1. Introduction

The cultural and recreational elements, as nodes of primary activity [6], facilitate

4148 Diego A. Escobar et al.

the growth and integral development of the citizen, compromising values and

primordial strategies for the strengthening of a society. For this reason, it is essential

to ensure optimal distribution and accessibility of equipment throughout a

municipality, guaranteeing access to each population center without risk of social

exclusion. Taking this into account, it is proposed to evaluate the condition of

accessibility to cultural and recreational facilities of the municipality of Pitalito,

Huila, in order to determine the impact on the population and leave precedents in

the future formulation of new strategies for their empowerment. The municipality

of Pitalito is located towards the Colombian south western region, in the vicinity of

the department of Huila; on the point of origin of the central and eastern mountain

ranges with geographic coordinates 1 ° 51'14 "N - 76 ° 03'05" O [1] (figure 1). It

has an estimated population of 133 205 inhabitants at 2018 [5] on a total area of

666 km2, as well as an average temperature and altitude of 19 ° C and 1318 m.a.s.l

respectively [1]. Within the different cultural and recreational activities of the

municipality, flaws in both sectors are perceived, not achieving an identity of

artistic production, in addition to focusing the activities on competitive and

formative matters and not on the promotion of physical activity [2].

Figure 1. Geographic location of the municipality of Pitalito.

Some cultural activities that take place within the municipality: Andean Music

Festival, Integration Beauty Contest, Dance Departmental Encounter, Laboyano

Cultural Festival, Traditional Music Encounter. In recreation and sports there is a

great variety of sports, however, there is strong encouragement for the incorporation

of citizenship in sports such as football and indoor football, mainly, which cover

more than 40% of the total users of the registered disciplines [2]. Among the

different competitions and recreational and sports activities are: Intercollegiate

Games, Communal Games, Special Olympics, among others. It is then necessary,

taking into account the above, to carry out an objective evaluation of the condition

Coverage evaluation for recreational and cultural facilities 4149

of the recreational and cultural facilities of the municipality; however, there is a

need to address the issue of accessibility before carrying out the study, in order to

guarantee a correct interpretation of results and the formulation of new

interventions.

Accessibility as such, links the ease of movement of users to an activity or point of

interest, taking as reference the different centers of activity or services offered by

the city, in addition to the possible modes of transport to be used [17]. Currently

there are many definitions of the term [10, 14, 21], however, all start with the same

basis established by Hansen in 1959 "The potential of opportunities for interaction"

[8]. Some variations of accessibility make it possible to carry out studies depending

on each requirement, within these measures there are relative accessibility,

comprehensive accessibility, global average accessibility [7, 9, 21]; for our case

study we will focus on the comprehensive average accessibility which relates the

ease of movement from the different nodes of the network to a specific one. Some

applications of accessibility from various existing fields of science: sustainable

development [6, 12], public transport [18, 19], sustainability [4, 6], demography

[11], social cohesion and exclusion [3, 13], among others.

2 Methodology

The elements and sequences used in the present investigation consider the

fundamental characteristics for the preparation of the evaluation through

accessibility, based on the collection of information and as a final element the

coverage evaluation. Figure 2 shows the developed methodological sequence.

Figure 2. Methodological sequence addressed.

2.1 Collection and decantation of information

As a fundamental pillar for the preparation of the research, the collection of existing

information in the physical and virtual databases related to recreation, culture and

4150 Diego A. Escobar et al.

infrastructure of the municipality of Pitalito is made, after which a decanting of the

obtained information is done with the intention of avoiding the use of incorrect data

for the investigation.

2.2 Structuring of the road network and georeferencing of cultural and

recreational facilities in 2015

Once the required data has been decanted, the road network of the municipality is

structured, starting from the base established for 2015, in which the different

physical and operational components are considered [15]; likewise, existing

recreational and cultural facilities are incorporated, taking into account the spatial

coordinates of each one of them (figure 3).

Figure 3. Road network and equipment set for 2015.

Within the georreferenced facilities are: Coliseum of Fairs, Sports Covered

Coliseum, Manzanares Recreational Park, Sports Fields, La Pradera Social Hall and

the Olympic Village. It is important to keep in mind that through digitalization, road

networks are broken down into 2 characteristic elements for the correct

interpretation of information (see Figure 4) [15]; nodes: Points representative of

intersections or road ends; and arcs: Representative line for the road segments.

2.3 Accessibility and coverage calculation for the 2015 structure.

After building the road network and incorporating the facilities, the accessibility

and coverage evaluation is made, where the elements of the ArcMap tool are

included under conditional circumstances necessary for the evaluation. Each

conditional fulfills a specific function within the extension Network Analyst - New

Closets Facilities. [16]. Facility; Node on the road network to which a trip is

intended; Incident: Node on the road network from which a trip is intended; and

Rute: Set of links on which the trip is made.

Coverage evaluation for recreational and cultural facilities 4151

Figure 4. Decomposition of the road network in its essential elements.

After incorporating the elements to the tool, the calculation code is executed with

which the travel time vector is obtained, where the displacement cost values from

an incident to one of the facilities are stored. Within this calculation code is the

Dijkstra algorithm, which evaluates the possible paths for the completion of the

trip, selecting the lowest cost route [20, 22]. Subsequently, the geospatial

coordinates of each facility are linked to which the trip is made and thus enter a new

extension, Geostatical Wizard, with which the accessibility curves are constructed.

Finally, the information obtained from accessibility is crossed with the

sociodemographic composition of the municipality through polygon, and by means

of Microsoft Excel, construct the respective coverage graphs.

2.4 Formulation and execution of analysis for the year 2031

Once the calculations have been made and the necessary results have been obtained

for the evaluation, we proceed to observe and determine the possible road

interventions and equipment to improve the conditions of accessibility and

population coverage (see figure 5), considering the population expansion (150 532

inhabitants) projected to the year of study [5]. After linking the new information,

the respective geostatistical tools mentioned are executed and the graphs of

accessibility and coverage necessary for the study are constructed.

4152 Diego A. Escobar et al.

Figure 5. Road network and equipment set to the year 2031.

2.5 Savings gradient calculation

As a last methodological sequence, we proceed to construct the savings gradient in

order to evaluate accessibility from another perspective; with it, the travel time

obtained for each year of study is considered and by means of the equation 1, the

percentage of savings is determined. Then, the results obtained are linked to the

tools and extensions already mentioned and with them the construction of curves

and graphs of savings percentage.

𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟.𝑥 (%) = (𝑡. 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡) − 𝑡. 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑥(𝑓𝑢𝑡)

𝑡. 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡)) ∗ 100

(1)

3 Results and discussion

3.1. Accessibility and coverage for the year 2015

The results of the evaluation of accessibility to cultural and recreational centers in

the municipality of Pitalito, end in a high coverage towards the eastern part of the

map (figure 6); the observed variation is established at intervals of 0.5 minutes, with

a localized maximum of 16 minutes at the western end of the municipality. This

way, it is possible to confirm the need to incorporate facilities of this type on the

western zone, improving the access conditions to the resident population and

locating them on the sector with the highest network density, since towards the

westernmost end it is composed of the industrial sector and does not require high

priority attention. Additionally, the coverage chart (figure 7) is shown by area and

population generated by cultural and recreational facilities in the municipality; an

Coverage evaluation for recreational and cultural facilities 4153

early growth of the variables is evident, requiring a travel time of less than 5 minutes

to cover 70% of each variable, which refers to a good distribution of the equipment.

The small discrepancy in coverage of both graphs can be assumed by the population

density in the south west boundary of the map, which consumes more time to access

this sector despite the fact that the area coverage continues to increase.

Figure 6. Territorial accessibility for cultural and recreational facilities by 2015.

Figure 7. Coverage by population and area towards cultural and recreational

facilities by 2015.

3.2 Accessibility and coverage for the year 2031

After the incorporation of equipment and restructuring of the road network to the

year 2031, it was possible to obtain as a result of accessibility, figure 8, in this we

can see the access behavior at intervals of 2.5 minutes for the municipality.

4154 Diego A. Escobar et al.

Figure 8. Territorial accessibility for cultural and recreational facilities by 2031.

A localized maximum of 15 minutes is observed towards the south western part of

the map; similarly, the industrial sector is eliminated, in order to minimize

calculation costs and obtain coverage at the urban level. It is possible to observe the

behavior in the accessibility generated by road interventions and the incorporation

of equipment, decreasing in some sectors the travel time in relation to the year 2015,

likewise, conserves the central part as the sector with the best access of the

municipality. The variation in coverage with respect to the year 2015, presents

significant changes, largely due to the incorporation of the population to the year

2031, as well as the modification in area due to the expansion of the urban

perimeter. The requirements in time for the same percentage of coverage with

respect to 2015 (70%), need a minimum of 8 minutes; the growth of the curves

compared to the previous scenario is more moderate, however, the separation

between curves appears close to the origin and is sustained until reaching 100%

(Figure 9).

3.3 Savings Gradient

Figure 10 shows, in a different way, the impact generated by road interventions and

the incorporation of cultural and recreational facilities in the municipality; it is

noted that about 70% of the map does not perceive savings, however, it is possible

to improve the condition of access and coverage to the eastern part, with up to 88%

savings compared to the current situation where it presented difficulties.

Additionally, in Figure 11, the percentage of savings perceived by area and

population is shown, where around 40% in both variables perceives up to 10%

savings, which represents a strong impact considering the population growth by

2031, in the same way the behavior of the ogives allows to observe a considerable

up to 50% savings, even though the level of population coverage and area decreases.

Coverage evaluation for recreational and cultural facilities 4155

Figure 9. Coverage by population and area towards cultural and recreational

facilities by 2031.

Figure 10. Savings gradient for cultural and recreational facilities in the

municipality of Pitalito.

4. Conclusions

The evaluation in accessibility to the recreational and cultural centers in the

municipality of Pitalito, Huila, evidences negligence on the part of the municipal

administration towards the western sector of the city, which incurs in a possible

exclusion of the citizenship to the year 2015, in the same way, the road network

limits the possibility of access from this sector to the nearest facilities.

4156 Diego A. Escobar et al.

Figure 11. Perceived savings percentile of for population and area towards

cultural and recreational facilities in the municipality of Pitalito.

The level of general coverage by population shows that despite not providing access

to the resident population of the western sector, it manages to cover the largest

proportion of citizens with a total of 70% in a travel time of less than 5 minutes,

which is significantly low.

After the implementation of road interventions and linking of new equipment, the

level of access for citizens did not have a significant impact at the global level,

however, the western sector with deficiencies by 2015 achieved significant

improvement.

It is logical that the behavior in population coverage by the year 2031 present

increases in travel time, since the larger the population, the greater the saturation of

the road network, which requires a slightly longer travel time to achieve to cover

the same population percentage to the year 2015; for this reason it can be argued

that accessibility to the year 2031 presents important gains.

Acknowledgements. The authors express their gratitude to the engineers Diego

Fernando García Flores, Santiago Cardona, as well as to the members of the

sustainable mobility research group of the National University of Colombia –

Manizales headquarters.

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Received: August 3, 2018; Published: September 25, 2018