COMPLETION REPORT ITTO Project PD 617/11 Rev. 4 (F) Promoting Biodiversity Conservation in Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP) as the Trans-boundary Ecosystem Between Indonesia and Sarawak State of Malaysia (Phase III) Jakarta, August 2018 ITTO Project PD 617/11 Rev. 4 (F) Promoting Biodiversity Conservation in Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP) as the Trans-boundary Ecosystem Between Indonesia and Sarawak State of Malaysia (Phase III)
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COMPLETION REPORT
ITTO Project PD 617/11 Rev. 4 (F)Promoting Biodiversity Conservation in Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP)
as the Trans-boundary Ecosystem Between Indonesia and Sarawak State of Malaysia (Phase III)
Jakarta, August 2018
ITTO Project PD 617/11 Rev. 4 (F)
Promoting Biodiversity Conservation in Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP)as the Trans-boundary Ecosystem Between Indonesia
and Sarawak State of Malaysia (Phase III)
1
COMPLETION REPORT
ITTO Project PD 617/11 Rev. 4 (F)
Promoting Biodiversity Conservation in Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP) as the Transboundary Ecosystem
between Indonesia and Sarawak State of Malaysia (Phase III)
Prepared for the project by:
Dr. Hiras P. Sidabutar, Project Coordinator
Executed by:
Betung Kerihun National Park Authority
Directorate General of Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems (KSDAE)
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of
The Republic of Indonesia
With the assistance of:
The International Tropical Timber Organization
Jakarta, August 2018
2
Project Title : Promoting Biodiversity Conservation in Betung
Kerihun National Park (BKNP)
as the Transboundary Ecosystem
between Indonesia and Sarawak State of
Malaysia (Phase III)
Serial Number : PD 617/11 Rev. 4 (F)
Executing Agency : Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP),
Directorate General of Conservation of
Natural Resources and Ecosystems (KSDAE),
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Starting date : 1 November 2013
Duration : 56 months
Budget (USD)
Original Revised
ITTO
GOI
TOTAL
795,678
272,920
1,068,598
764,110
281,105
1,045,215
Project Key Personnel
● Project Coordinator
● Secretary
● Finance
● Field Supervisor
:
:
:
:
:
Ms. Yani Septiani (Nov 2013 – Dec 2016)
Dr. Hiras Sidabutar
(Jan 2017 – project completion)
Ms. Natalia Punai (Nov 2013 – Jan 2015)
Ms. Merdiani Aghnia Mokobombang
(Jan 2015 – Jan 2017)
Ms. Astri Indah Afriliani (Feb 2017 – April 2017)
Ms. Lelly Ekasari
Mr. Djoko Kuncoro (Nov 2013 – March 2017)
Mr. Agustinus Irmawan (1 April 2017 – project
completion)
Published by : BKNP & ITTO
Place and date : Jakarta, June 2018
Copyright ITTO Project PD 617/11 Rev.4 (F)
This report is the product of BKDSNP and ITTO; interested individuals or parties may produce the report in whole or in part
solely for own use by acknowledging the source, otherwise requires prior written consent of the copyright owner if used for
commercial purpose
3
Table of Contents
Executive Summary iii
1. Project Identification 1
1.1. Context 1
1.2. Origin and the problem 2
2. Project Objectives and Implementation Strategy 3
2.1. Project objectives 3
2.2. Implementation strategy 3
2.3. Assumptions and risks 4
3. Project Performance 5
3.1. Planned vs realized performance 5
3.2. Time schedule 9
3.3. Inputs applied 9
4. Project Outcome and Involvement of Target Beneficiaries 12
4.1. Achievement of the specific objective 12
4.2. Pre-project’s vs at project completion’s situations 18
4.3. Involvement of target beneficiaries 20
4.4. Project sustainability 21
5. Assessment and Analysis 22
5.1. Project rationale and identification process 22
5.2. The problem addressed, project design and implementation strategy 22
5.3. Critical differences between planned and actual implementation 23
5.4. Adequacy of project inputs 23
5.5. External influences 24
5.6. Project beneficiaries 24
5.7. Project sustainability 25
5.8. The institutions involved in the project implementation 25
6. Lesson Learned 27
6.1. Project identification and designing 27
6.2. Project implementation 27
7. Conclusions and Recommendations 28
7.1. Conclusions 28
7.2. Recommendations 29
Selected References 30
2
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
BANP Batang Ai National Park
BKDSNP Betung Kerihun and Danau Sentarum National Parks
BKNP Betung Kerihun National Park3
BKNR Betung Kerihun Nature Reserve
BMU Biogas Management Unit
BNP Bako National Park
CAP Community Action Program
DG Directorate General
ESE Ecological, Social and Economic
FDS Forest Department Sarawak
FGD Focussed Group Discussion
FRI Forest Research Institute
GGNP Gunung Gading National Park
IBBE ITTO Borneo Biodiversity Expedition
ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization
JTTF Joint Task Technical Force
KSDAE Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem
(Conservation of Natural Resource and Ecosystem)
LEWS Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary
LFM Logical Framework Matrix
LoI Letter of Intent
MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forestry
MTAP Mid-term Action Plan
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NTFP Non-timber Forest Product
PMT Project Management Team
RIPPARNAS Strategic Plan for National Ecotourism Development
SIPAT Serakop Iban Perbatasan
SNR Semenggoh Nature Reserve
TBCA Trans-Boundary Conservation Area
WWF World Wildlife Fund
YPO Yearly Plan of Operation
3
EXECUTIVE SUMARY
Project identification and design
1. The project was built on findings of completed ITTO Project PD 44/00 Rev. 3 (F).
“Implementation of a community-based transboundary management plan for the
Betung Kerihun National park, West Kalimantan, Phase II”. The key problem
addressed by the project was “Conservation management of Betung Kerihun National
Park (BKNP) as the transboundary ecosystem between Indonesia and Malaysia
(Sarawak) not well performed”.
2. The key problem addressed was thoroughly analyzed to identify cause-effect
relationship which was used as the basis for developing a sound project design and
defining the relevant and effective interventions for removing the problems at hand.
Project objectives and implementation strategy
3. The overall objective of the project was to contribute to the conservation of natural
ecosystems of protected area in Indonesia through implementation of activities on
biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development; its specific objective was
to strengthen sustainable conservation management of BKNP as the framework for
transboundary conservation management.
4. The specific objective would be achieved through delivery of 4 outputs, namely: i)
cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia in the conservation of transboundary
ecosystems of BKNP in Indonesia and BANP and LEWS in Sarawak sustained, ii)
management plan for biodiversity conservation in BKNP improved and implemented,
iii) sustainable livelihood of local communities living within and around BKNP
improved, and iv) community-based carbon and conservation monitoring systems
developed.
5. The implementation strategy pursued was built on the lessons learned from
completed ITTO transboundary projects in Indonesia and Malaysia (Sarawak) with
collaborative efforts, exchanging of experience, information and insight and capacity
building as the major elements.
Project Performance
6. All planned activities had been fully executed noting that one activity had been
modified from “forming a joint task force between Indonesia and Malaysia” to
“signing a Letter of Intent to cooperate” (Activity 1.1) due to complication of the
process (Activity 1.1) while one activity was cancelled due to the financial crisis facing
ITTO (Activity 4.1)
7. The project required a 8-month extension in time to complete due mainly to the
financial crisis facing ITTO back in 2015 – 2016 during which a number of activities had
been executed thus enriched achievement of the project, including:
- Stakeholder consultation on project achievements
- Formulation of a MTAP on enhancing cooperation between West Kalimantan and
Sarawak in ecotourism development
4
- Application for marketing license (PIRT) for community-produced food products
- Development of technical manuals for production of marketable food products
made of NTFPs
Project outcome and involvement of target beneficiaries
8. Project achievement was assessed using the pre-defined indicators:
Output 1 was fully delivered, Output 2 and 3 were partially delivered and Output 4
was fully delivered leading to a less satisfactory achievement i.e. the specific objective
was only partially achieved.
9. Among the tangible project results are: different technical reports and documents on
individual activities, biogas energy production facilities, renovated wooden bridge at
Tekenang village, study reports, technical manuals for edible food production using
NTFPs as the basic raw material and equipment and tools for forest monitoring.
10. The primary beneficiaries were heavily involved in project implementation:
- BKNP leaders and staff were involved in the planning and operational stages.
- Local communities were involved in the execution of different activities as the
executor, trainees, laborers or participants of discussion
- Local governments were involved in capacity building related activities, dialogues
and different discussion sessions.
Lessons learned
11. From the project formulation process:
✓ The key problem addressed was derived from completed ITTO project, affirmed
and thoroughly analyzed involving major stakeholders that resulting project
design had received strong support in the implementation stage.
✓ The indicators of achievement were weakly defined that their use in assessing
achievement was somewhat problematic.
12. From the project implementation process
- The project management team (PMT), comprised only a few professionals, proved
able to manage the project efficiently and to achieve planned objectives of the
project.
- Continued communication and coordination of the PMT with districts
government of Kapuas Hulu, local communities, NGOs and ITTO significantly
contributed to the smooth project implementation.
- The support granted to PMT by BKNP authority had considerably contributed to
the successful project operations.
5
Conclusions and recommendations
13. The conclusions drawn are listed below:
i. The key problem addressed by the project “Conservation management of
Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP) as the transboundary ecosystem between
Indonesia and Malaysia (Sarawak) not well performed” was identified involving
the main stakeholders and consistent with findings of ITTO completed project
PD 44/00 Rev. 3 (F); successful removal of the key problem would greatly
contribute to enhancing management of the park.
ii. The key problem was adequately analyzed involving the main stakeholders, its
causes and sub-causes as well as consequence were clearly specified; the
project design was develop based on a clear and logical cause-effect
relationship that its vertical logic was strong while its elements of intervention
were relevant for resolving the problems addressed.
iii. The project was implemented smoothly by the PMT without any major
administrative or operational difficulties; the 8-month extension in time for
project implementation was attributable to the slowing down of operation in
2016 brought about by the financial problem of ITTO.
iv. The smooth implementation and successful completion of the project were
made possible by, among others:
✓ The sound project design;
✓ The effective implementation strategy pursued;
✓ The sufficient inputs in terms of manpower, funds and time;
✓ The strong support of the primary beneficiaries, partners and ITTO; and
✓ The able project management team.
v. The specific objective defined was partially achieved as two out of four planned
outputs were not fully achieved, i.e. Output 2 and 3
vi. Cooperation between BKDSNP and FDS in conservation of TBCA has been
enhanced through implementation of jointly identified activities; biodiversity
data on BKNP has been updated on limited area, process on improving local
livelihood had been initiated yet local livelihood has not reached an improved
state, and; community-based forest monitoring system has been developed
under the project.
vii. The assumptions made were valid throughout the project duration and the
mitigating measures introduced were effective in preventing the potential risks
from materializing.
viii. The indicators of achievement originally defined in the project document were
not all applicable as some were not measurable while some others were not
specific nor logical.
ix. The primary beneficiaries of the project had demonstrated strong cooperation
and support to the project management team.
x. The project has generated a number of tangible results which in the form of
technical reports, physical construction and technical documents that should
enhance the park management if they are properly and consistently utilized.
6
14. The important recommendations made include:
i. It is strongly recommended for any ITTO project proponent to perform
adequate analysis of the problem to address in accordance with existing ITTO
manual for project formulation to ensure clarify of cause-effect relationship.
ii. To be sound, a project design must be constructed using a clear cause-effect
relationship, to ensure relevance and effectiveness of planned interventions to
resolve the problems at hand.
iii. To ensure a smooth and successful completion of a project, appropriateness of
the implementation strategy, adequacy of inputs as well as support of the
primary beneficiaries, partners and ITTO Secretariat are among the enabling
conditions that must prevail.
iv. It is best to employ a small but able management team in order to minimize
cost of key personnel, ensure effective coordination and increase adaptability
to changing environment.
v. Achievement of the project should be assessed using pre-defined indicators
that such indicators must be defined in a SMART manner in order to be
applicable; revisiting defined indicators during the course of project operation
may be required taking progress in implementation into account.
vi. It is strongly recommended that BKDSNP makes available the necessary
resource to continue implementing those activities that have been initiated
under the project in order to avoid wasting the positive results, e.g. activities
on enhancing cooperation with FDS, promoting local livelihood, including
ecotourism and updating biodiversity data for better management planning.
7
1.1. Context
Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP), around 800.000 hectares in extent, is one of the most
important protected areas of Indonesia, not only because of its large area but also due to richness
and uniqueness of its biodiversity. The park is home to: more than 48 mammal species including
the endangered great ape Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), more than 1,200 plant species (75 species
are endemic species), and 112 fish species of which 14 species are endemic to Borneo.
The project reported here is a follow-up to completed ITTO-sponsored projects, namely:
● PD 26/93 Rev.1 (F) “Development of Bentuang Karimun Nature Reserve as a national park,
Phase I”. The specific objectives of that project were to collect biophysical as well as socio-
economic data on the reserve and develop management plan for the national park.
● PD 44/00 Rev.3 (F) “Implementation of a community-based transboundary management plan
for the Betung Kerihun National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, Phase II”. The objectives
of that project were to communicate the park management plan with stakeholders, define
park zone and mark boundaries, develop basic infrastructure, recruit needed human resource,
and operate park database system.
Although some progress had been made in the management of BKNP through the previous
projects, plenty homeworks needed to be accomplished in view of adequately managing BKNP as
a transboundary conservation area, as an essential element of Heart of Borneo Initiative and, more
importantly, as a primary source of livelihood for the people of Kapuas Hulu, a government
territory that has been declared as a conservation district on 1 October 2013. Among the problems
that remained to be addressed were: i) weak cooperation between West Kalimantan and Sarawak
in TBCA management, ii) current BKNP management plan lacked of conformity to real world
situation, iii) local livelihood was underdeveloped, and iv) community-based forest monitoring not
operational.
1. Project Identification
8
Development of Project PD 617/11 Rev. 4 (F) was solely the initiative of the Executing Agency,
meant as a follow up to completed ITTO Projects.
1.2. Origin and the problem
Project PD 617/11 Rev. 4 (F) was built on the results and findings of completed project PD 44/00
Rev. 3 (F) which are summarized below:
i. BKNP management zones and boundaries clearly defined, agreed with local communities and
marked on the ground.
ii. Basic equipment and facilities for proper functioning of the park procured and operational.
iii. Park management systems developed and communicated with local government and
communities.
iv. Qualified park personnel recruited and trained as necessary.
v. Park database system developed and operational.
vi. Information on sustainable utilization of NTFPs gathered and micro-enterprise models
established.
vii. Community-based ecotourism activities introduced at selected localities.
viii. Awareness on biodiversity conservation and utilization raised.
ix. Lessons learned on managing BKNP and LEWS in Sarawak and on developing buffer zones
shared by both parties.
While above results and findings of completed project had contributed to improving performance
of BKNP management, they had not resulted in a satisfactory management of BKNP. A fundamental
problem as regards level of management performance thus remained a serious problem.
Therefore, the key problem addressed by the project was “Conservation management of Betung
Kerihun National Park (BKNP) as the transboundary ecosystem between Indonesia and Malaysia
(Sarawak) not well performed”.
The key problem so defined was shared with the primary stakeholders during the stakeholder
consultation meeting organized at the BKNP headquarters in Putussibau by the BKNP authority.
Among the stakeholders consulted were: community leaders, local governments, NGOs, regional
and local forestry institutions and universities. These stakeholders also expressed dissatisfaction
with current management of BKNP which required significant improvement especially as regards
livelihood development and involvement of stakeholders in management operations.
9
2.1. Project objectives
Consistent with the key problem addressed by the project, the project objectives were defined as
follows:
● Specific objective : To strengthen sustainable conservation management of BKNP as the
framework for transboundary conservation management.
● Development objective : To contribute to the conservation of natural ecosystems of
protected area in Indonesia through implementation of activities on
biodiversity conservation and local socio-economic development.
2.2. Implementation strategy
● The strategy adopted was built on the lessons learned from the ITTO projects
implemented at BKNP and at BANP and LEWS in Sarawak, i.e. there was a need to
establish a joint technical task force between the neighboring parks in West Kalimantan
and Sarawak for purpose of implementing jointly identified activities.
● The project worked collaboratively with all relevant stakeholders of protected areas at
different levels.
● The project organized expert meetings, FGDs and workshops at different levels for
sharing of experience, insights and information.
● The project undertook capacity building programs through trainings on managerial and
technical skills involving local government employees and community leaders and
members, giving priority to women as appropriate.
● The project developed network with such international donors as TFCA Kalimantan and
GIZ-Forclime Programme, local NGOs such as KOMPAKH and SIPAT and International
NGO such as WWF.
2. Project Objectives and Implementation Strategy
10
The strategy, as outlined above, proved working well. All planned activities had been timely
implemented without noticeable difficulties. It is to be noted that extension in time for
implementing the project was not attributable to weakness of the strategy adopted but due
to the financial crisis facing ITTO back in 2016.
2.3. Assumptions and risks
The major assumptions made to ensure a successful achievement of the project objectives were:
i. Cooperative Malaysian authorities, the FDS in particular.
ii. Strong political will of the governments to conserve forest resources and ecosystems.
iii. Strong support of stakeholders on sustainable forest management.
iv. Strong commitment of governments to harmonizing forest conservation and local economic
development
To avoid the risks associated with each of the assumptions, applied risk mitigating measures are as
presented in Table 1.
Table 1: Assumptions, potential risks and mitigating measures
Assumptions Potential risks Mitigating measures
i. Cooperative
concerned
Malaysian
authorities
Uncooperative
authorities resulting in
delayed execution of
TBCA joint activities
● Intensive bilateral communication and
coordination
● Proactive PMT
● Obtain good advice of ITTO Secretariat
ii. Strong political
will to conserve
forest resources
and ecosystems.
Weakening political
support on conservation
● Intensive dialogue and coordination with
concerned government authorities at all
levels.
● To well inform local governments of the
project’s objectives
iii. Strong support of
stakeholders on
SFM
SFM programs not
executable and SFM not
achievable
● Involvement of key stakeholders in the
planning and execution of SFM programs
● Local communities engaged in livelihood
development initiatives
● Local governments take forest conservation
into account in the spatial planning process
iv. Strong
commitment of
the governments
to conservation
and development
Conservation and
development do not
develop in harmony
● Intensive dialogue and consultation
between the PMT and key stakeholders
● Demonstration of economic activities that
serve as incentive to conserving forest
resource
11
3.1. Planned vs realized performance
a. The specific objective
The specific objective defined during the project formulation stage was “to strengthen sustainable
conservation management of BKNP as the framework for transboundary conservation
management”, corresponded to the key problem addressed by the project. There was no change
made to this defined specific objective during the course of project implementation.
b. The outputs and activities
Table 2: Status of planned and realized outputs and activities